...Minnesota is the northernmost U.S. state apart from Alaska; its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th Parallel. The state is part of the U.S. region known as the Upper Midwest. The state shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba to the north. With 86,943 square miles (225,181 km²) or approximately 2.25% of the United States, Minnesota is the twelfth-largest state. Minnesota contains some of the oldest rocks found on earth, gneisses some 3.6 billion years old or 80% as old as the planet. About 2.7 billion years ago, basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean; the remains of this volcanic rock formed the Canadian Shield in northeast Minnesota. The roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. Following a period of volcanism 1.1 billion years ago, Minnesota's geological activity has been more subdued, with no volcanism or mountain formation, but with repeated incursions of the sea, which left behind multiple strata of sedimentary rock. In more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its current terrain. The Wisconsin glaciation left...
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...former Dow Jones Industrial Average component, listed from April 1, 1901 to May 3, 1991. It was removed under its USX Corporation name with Navistar International and Primerica. Formation J. P. Morgan and the attorney Elbert H. Gary founded U.S. Steel in 1901 (incorporated on February 25) by combining Andrew Carnegie's Carnegie Steel Company with Gary's Federal Steel Company and William Henry "Judge" Moore's National Steel Company for $492 million ($13.58 billion today). It was capitalized at $1.4 billion ($38.63 billion today), making it the world's first billion-dollar corporation. At one time, U.S. Steel was the largest steel producer and largest corporation in the world. In 1907 it bought its largest competitor, the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, which was headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama. This led to Tennessee Coal's being replaced in the Dow Jones Industrial Average by the General Electric Company. The federal government attempted to use federal antitrust laws to break up U.S. Steel in 1911, but that effort ultimately failed. Time and competitors have, however, accomplished nearly the same thing. In its first full year of operation, U.S....
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...John D. Rockefeller John D Rockefeller went down as one of the most successful and wealthiest businessmen in American history, and was greatly admired by many people. However, due to the fact that Rockefeller had a monopolistic control of the oil industry for a long time, he was also vilified by many people. Even so, he revolutionized industrialization in America and dramatically changed the oil industry with many inventions and process improvements. His monopoly was so powerful and dominant that the government made laws specifically targeting his company, which still impact how our nation operates today. His monopoly dominated American industries and was constantly expanding, which is why he was responsible for 95% of oil distribution in...
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...like the aircraft business than it is like the microelectronics business, for example. And that has been true throughout its history. The company is now 92 years old, and if you look back to the beginning, or almost to the beginning, what Ford has been is an extremely efficient mass manufacturer of personal transportation worldwide. It has the broadest possible customer base. The first Henry Ford had a very deliberate vision of selling vehicles to everyone, not just to the elite. The business has always been a systems integrator, taking brake systems from somebody, electrical systems from someone else, glass from somewhere else, and having them put together. At one time, Henry Ford owned rubber plantations in Brazil, coal and iron mines in Minnesota, a shipping fleet to transport all of that to Detroit, a steel mill, an electric power plant to power the steel mill, a glass plant to make the glass...
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...Hum 111 Abstract Ancient Chinese Contributions. (1) Identify eight to ten of these useful inventions or contributions. (2) Nominate four that you believe are the most ingenious or innovative. (3) Explain why you believe these four inventions or contributions are the most useful inventions or contributions from the ancient Chinese. (4) Identify one invention or contribution that you cannot live without and explain why. The Ancient Chinese Contributions (1) Gunpowder One of the inventions created by Ancient China gunpowder as early first century and was used at that time to make medicine for perpetual rejuvenation. Black gunpowder was not invented till the end of the ninth century and was first used to make fireworks, and later the lighting of fireworks became a Chinese tradition to celebrate festivals. The gunpowder was used in weapons at the end of the 10th Century, when firearms such as exploding arrows heads, flintlock rifles and cannon became available on a large scale. During the 18th century when Western powers invaded China, the Chinese troops were still using flintlock rifles and cannons. At the end of the 14th century a Chinese named Wan Hu fitted a chair with 47 prototype self-made rockets and held a large kite in his hands. His plan was to fly into space and then float back down to the Earth using the kite. The rockets ended up exploding and killing Wan Hu but in his honor In the 1970s, the International Astronomical Union named a lunar crater after...
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...addition, we explore the importance of cross-listing in NYSE Euronext as well as: the benefits, costs and requirements of fast path cross-listing and the trading volumes of the shares transacted in the exchange. The foundation of our case study is based on Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (CLF), an international mining and natural resources company headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. Formerly known as Cleveland-Cliffs Inc., the company was founded in 1847 (Yahoo Finance). CLF is North America’s larger supplier of iron ore. The Company produces iron ore pellets and metallurgical coal. CLF operates in four segments: U.S. Iron Ore, Eastern Canadian Iron Ore, North American Coal and Asia Pacific Iron Ore. In the United States, it operates five iron ore mines in Michigan and Minnesota, five metallurgical coal mines located in West Virginia and Alabama and one thermal coal mine located in West Virginia. It also operates two iron ore mines in Eastern Canada that primarily provide iron ore to the seaborne market for Asian steel producers (NYSE Euronext). As part of their growth strategy and due to its largely increased presence in the international market, CLF decided to “take advantage” of cross-border listing. On March 11, 2009 the company announced its intend to list its common shares on NYSE Euronext Paris. On March 31 that same year, European regulators approved the listing and the company started trading its shares in April 6, 2009. The company’s objective was to increase exposure for...
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...Abstract . 3M Corporation History of the 3M Corporation What started off as a small company in the Lake Superior Town of Two Harbors, Minnesota in the year 1902 – 3M has grown into a worldwide corporation with companies in over 60 countries. Things seemed bright in June 1902, when Two Harbors attorney John Dwan drew up articles of incorporation and added his $1,000 to that of other charter board members, meat market owner Hermon Cable, Dr. J. Danley Budd, the city’s leading physician, and Duluth and Iron Range Railroad executives William McGonagle and Henry Bryan (3M Corporation, 2015). The five men set out looking for the next new product. They wanted to mine a certain type of mineral deposit (Corundum) to use as an adhesive for grinding-wheels. Corundum was in demand as the premier abrasive for grinding wheels, sandpaper and other items to polish, shape, sharpen and decorate items produced by America’s increasingly industrialized economy. This new source of corundum was greeted jubilantly; the only other North American source was in Ontario. The problem – one that surfaced after the company had incurred a large start-up debt – was that the corundum was not there on Lake Superior’s Minnesota north shore. What was there was anorthosite, which is useless as an abrasive (Bishop, 2005). So within a couple of years of its founding, 3M had tons of mineral for sale, no customers and was all but bankrupt. When mining turned out to be of little use and a failed attempt with mineral...
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...ties with their dangerous jobs. This way, criminals could not gain leverage on grabbing the officers tie and strangling them with the that went around their neck. Although the clip on tie was frowned upon in some social settings, it made policemen much more confident in their duties. (Sandhyarani, 2013)("Featured On Our Blog", 2015). Saving many lives jeopardized by the disease of Polio, the Negative Pressure Ventilator, also known as the Iron Lung, added incredible advances in the medical field. The Iron Lung, invented by Louis Shaw and Philip Drinker, forces a patient's lungs to inhale and exhale through changes in pressure. The machine encloses the entire body except the head and kept completely air tight. Drinker and Shaw, both medical students at Harvard, used vacuum cleaners to experiment with the changes in pressure that are involved with the Negative Pressure Ventilator. (Sandhyarani, 2013)("History of the Iron Lung or Respirator", 2015). Penicillin, the first effective antibiotic ever, added another advancement to the medical industry in 1928. Sir Alexander Fleming found penicillin mold on his workbench when he came home from a trip to Scotland. He discovered that the mold prevented the growth of a bacteria. After his discovery, he worked non-stop to find a way to use this bacteria killing mold to mankind's benefit. Fleming said, “When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn’t plan to revolutionize all medicine by discovering the world’s first...
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...addition, we explore the importance of cross-listing in NYSE Euronext as well as: the benefits, costs and requirements of fast path cross-listing and the trading volumes of the shares transacted in the exchange. The foundation of our case study is based on Cliffs Natural Resources Inc. (CLF), an international mining and natural resources company headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio. Formerly known as Cleveland-Cliffs Inc., the company was founded in 1847 (Yahoo Finance). CLF is North America’s larger supplier of iron ore. The Company produces iron ore pellets and metallurgical coal. CLF operates in four segments: U.S. Iron Ore, Eastern Canadian Iron Ore, North American Coal and Asia Pacific Iron Ore. In the United States, it operates five iron ore mines in Michigan and Minnesota, five metallurgical coal mines located in West Virginia and Alabama and one thermal coal mine located in West Virginia. It also operates two iron ore mines in Eastern Canada that primarily provide iron ore to the seaborne market for Asian steel producers (NYSE Euronext). As part of their growth strategy and due to its largely increased presence in the international market, CLF decided to “take advantage” of cross-border listing. On March 11, 2009 the company announced its intend to list its common shares on NYSE Euronext Paris. On March 31 that same year, European regulators approved the listing and the company started trading its shares in April 6, 2009. The company’s objective was to increase exposure for...
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...Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze and illustrate the geographical origins of eragrostis tef along with details of its global dispersion. The common name of the crop in Ethiopia is tef. It was chosen for its cultural significance and it’s importance Background In Ethiopia, about 4.9 million acres of land is devoted to its production every year. From 2003-2005 production statistics indicated that tef accounted for about 29% of the land and 20% of the gross grain production of all major cereal cultivation in the country (National Research Council). Eragrostis tef belongs to the grass family Poaceae, and is species of Eragrostis. It contains about 350 species and tef is the only cultivated cereal (Seyfu). Its name tef is originated from the Amharic word yate-tef-ah, which means, “lost”. Since the grains are so small they are easily misplaced (Kloman). It is the world’s smallest food grain and is as small as a grain of sand. It also has quite similar traits to other grains such as quinoa and millet. Tef grows anywhere from 30 to 120 cm in height, with slim stems and long, narrow, smooth leaves. It is a loose or compact panicle. The really small grains are 1.5 mm long, and there are about 2,700 seeds in a gram (Seyfu). The plant uses a Carbon 4 photosynthesis, which uses light efficiently while having low moisture demands. This gives the plant the ability to stand high heat and bright lighting therefore...
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...The End of Reconstruction Abstract Other Americans simply tried to portray the new economy as essentially the same as the old. They believed that individual enterprise, hard work, and free competition in open markets still guaranteed success to those willing to work hard. An evolving mass print culture of cheap newspapers, magazines, and dime novels offered proselytizers of the old values new forms of communication. The End of Reconstruction Reforms in the South seemed unlikely in 1877 when Congress resolved the previous autumn’s disputed presidential election between Democrat Samuel Tilden and Republican Rutherford B. Hayes on the backs of the nation’s freed blacks. A compromise gave Hayes the presidency in return for the end of Reconstruction and the removal of federal military support for the remaining biracial Republican governments that had emerged in the former Confederacy. With that agreement, Congress abandoned one of the greatest reforms in American history: the attempt to incorporate ex-slaves into the republic with all the rights and privileges of citizens. The United States accepted a developing system of repression and segregation in the South that would take the name Jim Crow and persist for nearly a century. The freed people in the South found their choices largely confined to sharecropping and low-paying wage labor, especially as domestic servants. Although attempts at interracial politics would prove briefly successful in Virginia and North Carolina...
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...levels. The idea of renewable energies has good intentions to it, as most of today’s society thinks that they are very beneficial for the overall health of our environment; however, energies such as wind and solar can actually cause more environmental damage than most of us think. As a student at Western State College, my current area of focus is Professional Land and Resource Management. In these courses, experts from all across the spectrum of the energy industry have come to share their viewpoints and expertise on everything involving energy. From oil and gas, to geothermal and biomass fuel, the areas discussed are widespread. One thing that has caught my attention is the fact that a lot of this information is not widely recognized by the general public. Before I started attending the college, I got most of my information from media outlets such as television and newspapers. One thing that was rarely discussed through these outlets, however, was the science and facts that go on behind the scenes of the energy industry. The news would show a new wind farm being built in California, and how it was the next step towards establishing...
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...4040 OCTOBER 08, 2009 TIMOTHY LUEHRMAN JOEL HEILPRIN Blaine Kitchenware, Inc.: Capital Structure On April 27, 2007, Victor Dubinski, CEO of Blaine Kitchenware, Inc. (BKI), sat in his office reflecting on a meeting he had had with an investment banker earlier in the week. The banker, whom Dubinski had known for years, asked for the meeting after a group of private equity investors made discreet inquiries about a possible acquisition of Blaine. Although Blaine was a public company, a majority of its shares were controlled by family members descended from the firm’s founders together with various family trusts. Family interests were strongly represented on the board of directors as well. Dubinski knew the family had no current interest in selling—on the contrary, Blaine was interested in acquiring other companies in the kitchen appliances space—so this overture, like a few others before it, would be politely rebuffed. Nevertheless, Dubinski was struck by the banker’s assertion that a private equity buyer could “unlock” value inherent in Blaine’s strong operations and balance sheet. Using cash on Blaine’s balance sheet and new borrowings, a private equity firm could purchase all of Blaine’s outstanding shares at a price higher than $16.25 per share, its current stock price. It would then repay the debt over time using the company’s future earnings. When the banker pointed out that BKI itself could do the same thing—borrow money to buy back its own shares—Dubinski had asked...
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...for each organism was compared concluding that rotenone was most toxic to daphnia. Introduction Rotenone is a naturally occurring insecticide derived from the root of Derris Ellipitica and Lonchcarpus species (Nass &Przedborski 2008). It is metabolised in the liver by NADP-linked hepatic microsomal enzymes and is both a contact and systemic insecticide. Rotenone can be used as either a specific or a non-specific broad-spectrum insecticide that has been used since 1848 (Gupra 2012) (Nass & Przedborski 2008). Pirimicarb or Dimethyamino-5,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-y; N,N-dimethylcarbamate is a synthetic systemic selective insecticide with contact stomach and respiratory action. Pirimicarb was first made by Imperial Chemical Industries and was originally registered in 1974 but withdrawn in 1981(Hutson & Roberts 1999). Woodlice, also known as sowpigs and pillbugs, are isopod crustaceans and are the only known crustaceans to have adapted to life in terrestrial habitats (Punzo 2000). Woodlice have a large surface area and in conjunction with the absence of a lipid layer protecting the cuticle this results in rapid water loss (König & Varma 2006). To prevent...
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...Native American Environmental Issues Traditionally Native Americans have had an immediate and reciprocal relationship with their natural environments. At contact, they lived in relatively small groups close to the earth. They defined themselves by the land and sacred places, and recognized a unity in their physical and spiritual universe. Their cosmologies connected them with all animate and inanimate beings. Indians moved in a sentient world, managing its bounty and diversity carefully lest they upset the spirit "bosses," who balanced and endowed that world. They acknowledged the power of Mother Earth and the mutual obligation between hunter and hunted as coequals. Indians celebrated the earth's annual rebirth and offered thanks for her first fruits. They ritually addressed and prepared the animals they killed, the agricultural fields they tended, and the vegetal and mineral materials they processed. They used song and ritual speech to modify their world, while physically transforming that landscape with fire and water, brawn and brain. They did not passively adapt, but responded in diverse ways to adjust environments to meet their cultural as well as material desires. The pace of change in Indian environments increased dramatically with Euroamerican contact. Old World pathogens and epidemic diseases, domesticated plants and livestock, the disappearance of native flora and fauna, and changing resource use patterns altered the physical and cultural landscape of the New World...
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