...IROQUOIS KINSHIP 1 Iroquois Kinship ANT 101: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology November 4, 2012 IROQUOIS KINSHIP 2 IROQUOIS KINSHIP The origin of the Iroquois tribe dates back centuries, much before the Europeans settlers first arrived on North American soil. I will discuss the kinship system of the Iroquois tribe, describe three specific examples of how the kinship of the Iroquois culture impacts the way this culture behaves and compare this culture to my own society. Other names for the Iroquois are Haudenosaunee, People of the Longhouse, and the Six Nations. The Iroquois Indians lived in what is now New York State along the St. Lawrence River. “The Iroquois Indians were known as the "Five Nations". The league was formed before European contact. The original five nations are Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. The Tuscarora joined later, after European contact, and became the sixth nation.” (Miller, 2000-2001) The Iroquois originated from Up State New York. Throughout migration they gained control of most of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. In 1680, “their empire extended west from the north shore of Chesapeake Bay through Kentucky to the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers; then north following the Illinois River to the south end of Lake Michigan; east across all of lower Michigan, southern Ontario and adjacent parts of southwestern Quebec; and finally south through northern New England west...
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...Abstract The Iroquois Indians are regarded as the original inhabitants of New York State and Ontario. Prior to being colonized by the Europeans, mainly the British and French, there were five sub-tribes in the Iroquois nation. The Iroquois Indian has existed in North America for the last 4000years. The tribe consists of a well structured social, political, cultural and economic set up. Iroquois confederacy served the purpose of uniting the Indian tribes. The confederacy consisted of six Indian nations. This union provided the Indian tribes with an upper hand when negotiating with Europeans. The Iroquois Indians also had a council known as Onondaga that formed the purpose of serving the entire Indian tribes. The tribe was able to protect its farmland as a result of establishing strong military and efficient governance. Their association with the Dutch enabled the tribe to conquer the neighboring tribes. The union, that brought five tribes together and later joined by the Tuscarora in 1712, provided the native tribes of North America authority in terms of fighting for their rights in the mainstream society. The Iroquois Indians The Iroquois are part of the Indian tribes considered in history as the original occupants of Northern America. They are believed to originate from the soil just like trees that grow in the forest. This Indian tribe lived in settlements surrounded by lakes, hills, and forests. The Iroquois Indians believe they originated near Oswego...
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...Iroquois Tina Mack Ashford University ANT234 Nadia Khrais May 12, 2014 Iroquois When we think of Indians we think of tepees, bow and arrows, and free roaming hunters. Iroquois were different they lived in longhouses and farmed. They were different in other ways as will. This paper will try to describe the way the Iroquois lived and suffered. The Iroquois lived in longhouses that were made of young saplings lashed together with strips of bark. The frame work was then covered with large sheets of bark, probable from the young sapling used for the frame work. The longhouse was usually twenty feet wide, twenty feet high, and ranged from sixty to two hundred twenty feet long. “The length of a longhouse was determined by the size of the extended family for which it would serve as a home. The interior of the longhouse was divided into a series of compartments or apartments about 20 feet long. Each compartment was the home of two families. Each family shared a fire for heating, cooking, and light, with the family that lived across the central aisle or corridor. This aisle ran the length of the longhouse from end to end, door to door. A longhouse, 220 feet long, could be the home of 18 families, or about 90 people; a longhouse of 60 feet might serve as the home of four families or 20 people. The longest longhouse known from archeological excavations was 400 feet long and was probably the home of about 36 families, or 180 people.” (Alliance,website viewed...
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... ,The Iroquois Indians, The Iroquois Indians were located in upstate New York. The men of the tribe would burn the forest so that the women could plant seeds weed and harvest the crops. There were three sisters in the vegetable family that were used the most by the Iroquois Indians, these were corn, beans, and squash. The Iroquois Indians lived in longhouses several families lived in one house. The women of the tribe were matrilineally related. They chose one older woman to organize the labor of all of the women to ensure that there was teamwork amongst them. This would make them successful as well as being fair. There was a time of European contact when 65% of the products were produced by the Iroquois women. (Johansen, 1999). The women of the tribe were valued in the community because of the labor that was performed by them, also the contributions that were made to the villages. There were many extratribal conflicts that arose and this did involve the women of the tribe. The Iroquois women were considered as cultivators, which in turn the maize was owned by them. The men were hunters, traders, and warriors, which with the contribution of the maize from the women to the warriors allowed the women to be involved in the trading war. The importance of the maize was that if the women did not like or were against a raiding activity, they were able to hold the maize from the warriors which would cause the warriors not to go.(Nowak,1979). The children of the Iroquois Indians...
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...Five Nations of the Iroquois: History of how they came together and exist now. Marceline Kilbourn Bryant and Stratton Professor Sheehan July 22, 2014 The Five Nations (Haudenosaunee) originally known as the Iroquois League is presently based in upstate New York. Originally, the League consists of the nations of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. In 1722, the transition to what is called the Six Nations came to being when Tuscarora joined. According to history, the Five Nations started as distinct tribes by the middle of the 15th century. Each nation occupies a distinct territory and performs a different task. Iroquois influence and earlier domination ranges from Canada, to the Great Lakes and from Allegheny Mountains to Virginia and Kentucky. To live harmoniously with each other, the people from each nation came together and formed the Iroquois League which means Nations of Peace and Power as per their language. Would this change prove to be affluent or detrimental to the future of the Iroquois people? The League also known as the confederacy was known to have been established before contact with Europeans (Tooker, 1978) and its influence through alliances with other Indians, stretched east to west from New England to the great lakes, with Canada and south of Georgia. Strategically...
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...The experiences we learned of ordinary citizens and soldiers who fought for the patriot cause deepen and enrich our understanding of the American Revolution is that not only respect people from that time such as George Washington but also Indians, Black slaves , middle and even the poor class. These groups were in a term where they really did not have value in society and could believe it could change their social status. Native Indian Americans supported the American side as well as the British side. British promised them land that Americans took from them if they won the war according the readings the way we lived. Although this made the Iroquois Confederacy divide and therefore ended an era were Native Americans had the biggest alliance with groups among themselves. However, Black slaves who fought in the American Revolution fought for their own liberty and for the status of slavery be ended. According to the readings and lectures they fought for both sides. White men were not really comfortable to let them fight. They were afraid that because since they were armed there was always a chance they would up rise against them. Middle and poor class also had their own personal interest besides fighting for freedom for America but also for a better future. Army was consider to be a place where poor could rise from the bottom earn money for themselves since most of the men in the army where single but they were men that had families to support. This was an opportunity for...
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...ANTH 1200 – Introduction to Cultural Anthropology 10-29-12 Dr. Williams, Instructor 1 Study Questions for Quiz# 3 (Ferraro’s Chapters 9, 10 and 11) 1. Are there any universals about gender roles across all societies? Use examples from your readings to support your position. 2. Male dominance a cultural universal? Use examples from your reading to support your position. 3. How important are economic factors in the definition of gender in the United States? 4. What are “Genderlects”? Answer: Linguistic differences in the ways in which men and women speak within their culture 5. What is postpartum sexual taboo? Answer: the rule that a husband and wife must abstain from any sexual activity for a period of time after the birth of a child 6. What is gender stratification? Answer: The hierarchical ranking of members of a society according to gender 7. If women are not allowed to hold important positions in religious activities, does that indicate stratification? 8. Does the prohibition of women from the same economic activities as men always indicate stratification? 9. What are three social benefits of marriage? 10. Describe and discuss the differences between American style marriage and marriage among any cultural group in Sub-Saharan Africa. 11. In which state of the United States is polygyny most widely practiced? Answer: Utah 12. What is a critical factor influencing the incidence of polygyny? Answer: The Old Testament of the Bible ...
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...Kinship is the cornerstone for how people within a society relate to others and race lineages. Many societies trace their lineage through the father, which is called patrilineal, or through the mother which is called matrilineal. The Iroquois nation traced their kinship through the matrilineal decent lines. Kinship directly relates to how family groups think, act and live along side each other. The culture of the Iroquois can also be compared to how many American families relate to one another as well. Iroquois Lineage The Iroquois nation traced their lineage through the female sex; this is called the matrilineal line. Women of the Iroquois nation were the sole producers of food and all land was handed down to children from the female line. When a man and woman of the Iroquois nation would marry they would have to do so in an exogamous way, meaning they must and always marry outside of their lineage. The Iroquois were not to marry anyone with the same clan name thus they marry in exogamous way. “The Iroquois kinship system recognizes two groupings: (1) parents and siblings who are tool closely related and (2) potential spouses and in-laws. (Nowak, B. & Laird, P. 2010 chapter 4.5 Marriage) This is the same in modern day America American Lineage In the American culture lineages are traced through the patrilineal lines of the family. When a man and woman in today’s American culture decide to marry they will choose a partner who is outside of their family. Today it is outlawed...
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...Anthropology Unit 1 – online Anthropology is the study of humans, past and present. There are 4 areas of Anthropology- 1. sociocultural - examine social patterns and practices across cultures, with a special interest in how people live in particular places and how they organize, govern, and create meaning 2. , biological/physical - seek to understand how humans adapt to diverse environments, how biological and cultural processes work together to shape growth, development and behavior, and what causes disease and early death 3. archaeology - study past peoples and cultures, from the deepest prehistory to the recent past, through the analysis of material remains, ranging from artifacts and evidence of past environments to architecture and landscapes 4. linguistics- is the comparative study of ways in which language reflects and influences social life Unit 1 – Book Anthropology – the study of humankind in all times and places Colonialism – when one nation dominates another through occupation, admin (military) and control of resource’s. Cultural imperialism – refers to the promotion of one nation’s values, beliefs, and behavior above those of all others. Most famous empiricist – Franz Boas (1858-1942) he rejected racism and saw everyone as equal Radcliffe Brown – focused on how culture worked as a whole to maintain itself Malinowski – paid attention to his key informants’ point of view (groundbreaking methodology) Influences on Canadian Anthro – museums, academic...
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...Minority Groups in the Revolution: Women, Blacks and Native American Cherdae O. Kirkland History 121 02A Instr. Shuman April 19, 2011 Introduction The American Revolution began in 1775. It was a war fought between Great Britain and thirteen British colonies. It was also called the American Revolutionary War, United States War of Independence. The conflict between the British troops and the colonist began in Lexington and Concord Massachusetts when the Patriots (colonists who rebelled against British control) fired at British Soldiers in April 1775. Tensions were mounting from the Patriots or colonists, who were an angry about having to pay British taxes with little or no parliament representation. The Patriots wanted their independence from British rule and the opportunity to form the own government system. Although the war was originally a civil war between the British and the thirteen colonies, it quickly turned into an international conflict. This war lasted for eight years. “The turmoil of the revolution disrupted traditional class and social relationships and helped transform the lives of people who had long been relegated to the social periphery---African Americans, women and Indians.” Role of Women in the American Revolutionary War During the American Revolution, women played an active role in the British and American armies. Many of these women were wives and daughters of the soldiers. A lot of the women made small contributions to the war, but those...
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...Jan 17th, 2014 Black Robe The film Black Robe was set in 1634, it begins in the tiny French settlement that became Quebec City. Jesuit missionaries are trying to encourage the local Algonquin Indians to embrace Christianity on their journey. Samuel de Champlain, founder of the settlement, sends Father LaForgue, a young Jesuit priest, to find a distant Catholic mission in a Huron village. LaForgue is accompanied on his journey by a non-Jesuit assistant, Daniel, and a group of Algonquin Indians whom Champlain has assigned with guiding him to the Huron village. This group includes Chomina who is an older, experienced traveller who has dreams; his wife and Annuka their daughter. Daniel and Annuka fall in love, to the discomfort of the celibate LaForgue. The group met with a band of Montagnais Native Americans who have never met Frenchmen before. The Montagnais shaman is suspicious of LaForgue's influence over the Algonquins. He accuses him of being a devil. He encourages Chomina and the other Algonquins to abandon the two Frenchmen and travel instead to a winter hunting lodge. LaForgue accepts his fate, but Daniel is determined to stay with Annuka and follows the Indians. There was an attempt Daniel’s life by one of the Indians, Chomina is consumed by guilt at having betrayed Champlain's trust. He and a few other members of the Algonquin tribe return with Daniel to try to find LaForgue. As they recover LaForgue, a party of Native Americans attacks them, killing Chomina's wife and...
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...Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Black Rose. Black Robe is a film that was released in 1991 telling the story of the first contact between Europeans from France and Huron Indians from the region of North America called Quebec. European contact in the film is established through Jesuit missionaries out to spread Christianity in continental America. The lead role is taken up by Lothaire Bluteau, who plays the character of a Jesuit priest, Father LaForgue, who is a fiery priest out to spread the gospel to the furthest reaches of the continent. The film explores various themes that are brought out to the viewer in events that take place in the course of the film. The film is an excellent depiction of real-life Indian lifestyle, cultural and belief systems that came into conflict with the white man’s religion and way of life. An analytical view of Europeans’ foray into the American continent reveals that religion was used as a decoy for colonization. This is a technique that worked well and successfully because even the Christian priests and missionaries were not aware of the role they were playing (Canby n.p). This is depicted by Father LaForgue, who holds firm convictions about his purpose and role of spreading the Christian faith to the Native Indians in order to offer them salvation and redemption. Father LaForgue approaches his quest without acknowledging that his target converts possess an established cultural and belief system that will pose as a challenge...
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...rhythms and instruments from the musical traditions of Native Americans. In this essay I will explain the differences and similarities between Iroquois, a Native American tribe and African American music. Music is used for various reasons between Iroquois and African Americans. It is used for recreation, rituals and ceremonies, story telling, and language. For example, African Americans sung spiritual songs to help one another during slavery, so the master wouldn't know what they were talking about. Music was also used in Iroquois and Africans Americans society by communicating with others parts of the world. Music was used as an early sign of general cultural diffusion. (Plantinga, p.6) Music is used to help expand our world and cultures. Music is a part of most activities that African Americans and Iroquois tribes enjoy. Music is taught and learned orally by both cultures. This means that they are sung and played together easily; working together as a team. Alternation between a leader and the group is a common way of call and response. For instance, "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" is a call response song, that's sung by African Americans. Music can be taught within every culture the same, but different at the same time. Iroquois and African Americans have different types of music they listen to. Iroquois...
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...Kinship is a culture’s way of establishing and recognizing the relationships between a family or group of people. It can define their roles, obligations, interactions between each other, and the rights among the group. According to Chegg.com, “Kinship and family ties may be defined through genetic relationships, adoption, or other ritualized behavior such as marriage and household economies. Kinship systems range in size from a single, nuclear-family to tribal or intertribal relationships” (2014). There are many different varieties of kinship and how they are addressed within many cultures. There are six different types of kinship in anthropology (Schwimmer, 2001). The two cultures being addressed in this essay are the Crow kinship and the Iroquois kinship. The Crow, also called the Absaroka or Apsaalooke, are a tribe of Native Americans who historically lived in the Yellowstone river valley. Women within these tribes have a highly significant role (Crystallinks.com, 2012). The Crow people are of a matrilineal line. They are a matriarchal tribe and in marriage the husbands moving in with the wife’s family. Following the matrilineal line, Crow kinship further addresses the women within the family. Relatives in the kinship diagram on the mother’s side have descriptive terms whereas the father’s side has more classificatory terms. A relatively distinctive note in the Crow kinship that is different from other kinship disgrams is that they do not distinguish between generations...
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...Heritage report Seneca Indian The Seneca Indians were one of the six nations that formed the Iroquois nation. They encompassed a region that covered western New York to the western edge of Lake Erie. The Seneca where a very modern people in ways like politics and social interaction but also very steeped in tradition with their religious beliefs. Seneca tribal leaders like Red Jacket were some of the first to accept the white man and they even fought alongside the British during the Revolutionary war. The Seneca consisted of nine tribes named after animals. The tribes’ names were Wolf, Bear, Beaver, Turtle, Hawk, Sandpiper, Deer, Doe and the Heron. During the mid to late 1600’s the tribes combined to have a population reported to be near 5000, though some have said it was closer to 3500. The tribes occupied the area from New York to Lake Erie from as far north as Canada and as south as Pennsylvania. Their economy was based around crops as well as what was caught during hunting and fishing trips. Like most hunters and gathers, the women harvested the crops and gathered fruit and berries as well as the different roots and plants that would be used for medicinal purposes while the men would typically handle the hunting. Seneca Indians where well versed in agriculture, predominantly growing what they called the three sister crops: corn, squash and beans. They did not rely solely on agriculture, though, and were also considered good hunters and fishers. Seneca women were granted...
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