...doors with the power of learning another language Students need the mental exercise of operating in another language system. Being bilingual is a springboard to further languages acquisition, and allows students to operate with a dual track mentality, furthering their capacity in all subject matter. It provides a pliability that will allow them to consider other arguments and points of view, and appreciate other cultures and ways of life. Not only this, but it provides enormous wealth to their English. A secondary language should be taught as a mandatory subject starting in elementary, as it will be easy for a child to learn with their brain that’s like a sponge, it will help them mentally, and it will prepare them for the future when entering the work force. A young child's brain is like a sponge, they soak up and retain information that adults and older children don't retain. Learning a new language at that age is a snap, they barely have to think about it. It has also been shown that these children do better on other schoolwork, such as reading and math, which counters the argument that it was take attention away from other subjects. It is also not necessary to spend a bunch of class time on learning a new language, since in elementary school students spend all day with one or two teachers. The new language can be taught side by side, such as when learning the days of the week, the alphabet, and so on. Phrases in the foreign language can be used for simple commands like coming...
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...English to Young Learners: How They Learn and the Pedagogical Implication Rojab Siti Rodliyah (rojab.siti@gmail.com) UPI Bandung There is now a growing tendency among Indonesian people to introduce English to children starting from the early age, through either formal or informal education. This can be seen from the mushrooming of bilingual and international schools where English is used as the language of instruction as well as the increasing number of English courses aimed especially for children. Sometimes people hold a misconception regarding teaching English for young learners, in which they believe that the earlier the kids learn a foreign language, the better it will be. As a matter of fact, this assumption is not completely true. Only when handled with care will the teaching of foreign language to young learners succeed as expected. Otherwise, this will not gain a significant effect on children’s language development. This paper will elaborate some principles on how young learners learn a foreign language, which should be the foundation of the way the teaching English to young learners is conducted. Some theories on how children learn will be drawn on, followed by a discussion on the pedagogical implications. This paper is expected to give insights to English teachers in general and teachers of English for young learners in particular, about the importance of taking into account the aspects related to the way young learners learn in designing their teaching learning...
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...Languages in the U.S. COM/150 May 1, 2010 M. Lynn O’Donnell Have you ever noticed how many people speak a different language? It seems there are many people in the US who speak foreign languages and have limited English comprehension; so how do we adjust to this growing population? While foreign languages are taught more frequently and encouraged by employers, adversity surrounding Spanish speaking individuals in the US and their ability to support themselves remain. In recent years it has been documented that foreign languages are being taught more frequently. More Americans are studying foreign languages than before, data obtained from a 2006 survey indicates over 1.5 million college students were enrolled in foreign language courses in 2006 fall class schedules. American colleges and universities indicate Spanish as the most widely taught language. Other languages that are showing an increase in enrollment at a steady pace are French, German and Russian. With so many individuals coming from different countries to work or live with families already in the US it is becoming almost a necessity to be able to speak another language to communicate effectively with others. Foreign languages are becoming popular among college students as well as adults that have completed their education and are looking to expand their job skills. Some individuals make the choice to take these classes simply to communicate with others who are of limited English speaking ability. Most...
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...Some people think that distant learning is the perfect alternative to traditional education. Due to advancements in technology nowadays we have a possibility to choose between learning via the internet and attending schools. According to some experts, distance learning has effectively facilitated academic education and society should refuse from the traditional school attendance. However not everybody agree with it. In my opinion, we should to learn in the traditional form of education. First of all, it is vitally important that schooling makes students more self-disciplined and sociable. Studying in school provide students with numerous opportunities to interact with tutors as well as their peers, which tend to increase their interpersonal and social skills. Secondly, extra-curricular activities, such as various hiking, sport competitions, offered by traditional schooling, not only teach students how to compete and compromise, but also improve their mental and physical health. On the contrary, there are people who believe that distant learning is much better than traditional education. They insist that distance learning helps the disabled to receive education at home. Nevertheless, let us consider this issue from another angle. I am sure that the impacts of distance learning are generally detrimental, because using Internet can reduce our vision, students have low physical activity, which can lead to serious diseases. Taking into consideration all mentioned above, I think...
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...Learning a Foreign Language should be Compulsory Primary school is considered the most important basic level of learning as subjects taught in this curriculum play an essential role in children’s future. Acknowledging this issue, many countries are starting to put a foreign language subject into this curriculum, while other states this subject should be taught in secondary stage of education. This essay will look at those critical reasons why should students start learning alien language at primary school. It helps youths learn new language more effectively in this young age in this since we already enter a globalizing era. The basic level of learning is regarded as a significant part of human’s learning abilities. We learned how to write our native language from this stage, for example. We then developed it in higher developed levels. The basic of this skill helps us basically a lot develop in other steps. Imagine if we started to learn our own language at secondary school, it would have been the most difficult to study or expand it, and it also would have been too late as at this time we are expected to learn at secondary level. This basic skill of new language helps our youngsters learn the world easier such as learning other cultures. So far many knowledgeable sources are in English, for instance internet, television and visiting people. These things absolutely provide the children a great opportunity to learn new things. Furthermore, with this second language skill, the...
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...collection instruments. The researchers found out that the use of mother tongue in teaching mathematics may not be achieved soon. The Sinugbuanong Bisaya terminologies in Mathematics, the writing competency of the pupils in Sinugbuanong Bisaya, the teacher’s guide and the language itself are the issues and challenges that the primary teachers encountered in teaching Mathematics using mother tongue language as a mode of instruction. One of the major recommendations was to have terminologies in Mathematics using the mother tongue – Sinugbuanong Bisaya and for the teachers to attend seminars to widen their knowledge about this new program of the Department of Education. Mathematics would obviously benefit from such a conference. Introduction Mother tongue-based multilingual education is the provision of education in a child’s mother tongue, or a home language familiar to them, as well as providing them with an opportunity to learn a second (or third) language of wider communication. In MTB MLE programs, students’ gain initial literacy in their first language (L1) and the first language is the only language of instruction in the early grades. At the same time, students begin learning oral and then written second language (L2). Once they have gained confidence in using the...
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...This paper presents a model of second language acquisition based on the social‐psychology of acculturation. The model maintains that certain social and psychological variables cluster into a single variable, acculturation. The model predicts that learners will acquire the target language to the degree they acculturate to the target language group. Six studies that, in various, ways seek to test the Acculturation Model are reviewed and evaluated. Technical problems that affect such research are discussed, and the current status of the model is assessed. The extent to which form-focused instruction contributes to the acquisition of second language implicit knowledge is controversial. Whereas Krashen (1993) has argued that the effects of FFI on acquisition are peripheral, N. Ellis (this issue) sees FFI as facilitative and even necessary for developing implicit L2 knowledge. This article examines the role of FFI in developing implicit knowledge by reviewing 11 studies that have examined the effect of FFI on learners' free production. The review suggests that FFI can contribute to the acquisition of implicit knowledge and points to two variables that appear to influence its success—the choice of the target structure and the extent of the instruction. FFI involving extensive instruction directed at “simple” structures was more likely to succeed. However, limited instruction directed at complex structures also proved effective, provided that the target structures are readily available...
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...INTRODUCTION Learning foreign language is not an easy or quick process - this process brings challenges to every teacher, but it is not only challenging for teachers but also for those with Special Educational Needs (SEN). It is up to teachers to accommodate such needs and make sure that students with special educational needs will achieve the best possible results and succeed in learning a Foreign Language (FL). Applying specific strategies, techniques and maximising students’ potential is crucial when it come to teaching a foreign language to dyslexics. In the twenty-first-century we do not have to feel limited when it comes to foreign language learning and teaching students with special educational needs. Technology brings the advantage...
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...thinking, perception of the world, self-identity. Open borders within the Schengen Zone, simplified procedure of obtaining temporary visas due to lack of human resources within the countries, etc. caused the significant increase of the immigration processes. Moving from one country to another, people are introducing traditions, lifestyle and language of the country of origin to the new ground. (Intensive processes of integration taking place in modern global community, could be characterized as comprehensive and multifaceted, and can be analyzed from different perspectives, theoretical frameworks and approaches. It should be noted that these processes determine the complex, multifaceted problems, among which there is a multilingualism, the most common variant of it - bilingualism. ) Bilingual education is a form of education in which information is presented to the students in two (or more) language (Bilingual education). English has been playing a central role in the cross-cultural communication as the common international language for linking people with different native languages. For children living in the 21st century, it is necessary to acquire communication abilities in English. The educational standards of new century Japanese government objectified in the Strategic Plan to Cultivate “Japanese with English Abilities” and later in Action Plan to Cultivate “Japanese with English Abilities” (Chapter 2 Towards...
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...CHAPTER I CONTEXTUAL FRAMEWORK 1.1 The problem and its importance Education is the means of learning and for which the society can develop and sustain the people that live in it. In schools and high schools, students must read for any subject, so the reading must be a skill with which they can study properly. However, lately, the students are having reading problems what affects them in the grades and scores. The root of the problem is that the students do not like to read or because they do not feel motivated by their teachers. Many times, the teachers do not use the proper techniques of reading. Also, the students have problems by reading in their own language. This occurs because they really do not like the type of literature used in the high school. On the other hand, learners must read in English, this is another problem because the students find English difficult because English has a different structure from Spanish. In this work, different theories will be cited in order to analyze the problem and what techniques can be useful for improving when reading. Some of those techniques that can help to improve reading in English in the classroom are scanning, skimming, previewing, predicting among others, which will be explained later. Another point is that the students do not read for lack of help of their parents at home. This thesis will encourage the connection of the three elements, teacher-student-parents. The idea is that parents and teachers help the student to read...
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...called “American Identity” is nothing but a mixture of different cultures and by teaching students to become proficient in two languages it is going to make them more competitive for the job market. In a few words, we can make things better for students by encouraging them to keep their native tongue and become proficient in the English language. Bilingual Education in the United States Many people do not realize that this great country was founded by immigrants from all over the world. The so called “American identity” was not formed by just one group of people but a great variety of cultures what we also call a “melting pot”. Bilingual education has been a very controversial issue and as more people migrates from all parts of the world this issue will become more and more important and will have to be taken care of by our government. The controversy over bilingual education, whether it should be encouraged in an American school system or not, has been a topic of great importance for educators. The traditional educational model discourages this practice because it sees it as an obstacle from learning to communicate in a society as well as disrupting American unity and sense of identity. However, critical education encourages it since it recognizes that one’s identity and culture comes with one’s language and the preservation of this language does not...
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...(TPR) Community Language Learning (CLL) 1.6 Suggestopedia (Suggestology) 1.7 Communicative Approach 1.8 Natural Approach 1.9 Emotional-semantic method 2. Theoretical aspect of effective methods of teaching 2.1 The bases of teaching a foreign language 2.2 Effective ways and techniques of teaching a foreign language 2.2.1 Constructivist teaching strategies 2.2.2 Communicative Teaching Method 2.2.3 Using project method in teaching a foreign language 2.2.4 The method of debates 2.2.5 Games 2.2.6 Role plays as a method of teaching 2.3 Methodological principles of modern methods of teaching 2.4 Practical aspect of ways of teaching 3. Comparative characteristics of modern techniques of teaching English 3.1 Features of techniques 3.1.1 Communicative method 3.1.2 Project methodology 3.1.3 Intensive method 3.1.4 Activity Based method 3.2 Similarities of methods 3.3 Positive and negative aspects of techniques Conclusion Bibliography Appendix Introduction Language teaching came into its own as a profession in the last century. Central to this process was the emergence of the concept of methods of language teaching. The method concept in language teaching—the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of language and language learning—is a powerful one, and the quest for better methods preoccupied teachers and applied linguists throughout the 20th century. Howatt (1984) documents the history of changes in language teaching throughout...
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...acquiring at least one language — what linguists call your L1 (first language) — probably without thinking much about it, and with very little conscious effort or awareness. Since that time, you may have acquired an additional language — your L2 (second language) — possibly also in the natural course of having the language used around you, but more likely with the same conscious effort needed to acquire other domains of knowledge in the process of becoming an “educated” individual. This presentation is about the phenomenon of adding languages. In it I will define a few of the key terms that we will use and 5 stages we go through when learning a language. What is language acquisition? Do you know what word you first spoke? Have you ever considered how many words you have learned over your lifetime? Many psychologists estimate we learn around 3,500 words a year between our first birthday and before we are 30. We grow from infants without language to chatterboxes with a gift for gab, and researchers are fascinated by how this happens. Psychologists have different theories on language acquisition, or the process by which we learn to speak, write, or even use sign language in meaningful ways to communicate. Theories of Language Acquisition Behaviorists, like B.F. Skinner (who lived from 1904-1990), argued that language acquisition and development are learned behaviors. Behaviorists believe we learn by associating events, known as classical conditioning. We also learn through rewards...
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...Introduction The urgency is that last years the imperative need of using a foreign language appears in all areas of a science, manufacture and culture. Importance and openness of the problem of effective teaching foreign languages have caused its topicality, and consequently the choice of a theme for the given course work. In present practice of teaching foreign languages there is a problem facing the teacher to address to experience of the colleagues, to innovative ideas, to a science, is that low authority of a subject because of shortages of a present technique of teaching. Aim to investigate the role of contemporary methods in teaching foreign languages, to distinguish the most rational techniques of teaching a foreign language which can be used in school. In this work it is necessary to solve the following primarytasks: 1. To investigate the bases of teaching a foreign language 2. To study effective ways and techniques of teaching a foreign language 3. To observe ways of teaching English language in contemporary methods 4. To work out exercises for using innovation technologies of teaching English language in contemporary methods The subject of this course paper is variety of methods and ways and their effectiveness of using in teaching a foreign language. The object of research is the process of teaching and pupils who are the subjects of this teaching process. Theoretical value of this course paper is in its results, having received which it will...
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...Section O 2/24/11 Abstract In this essay I am explaining why English should be the Official language of the United States. Also I am going to be talking about many of the issues that exist because of the controversy over should English be the official language of the United States. Immigration is one reason why English should be the official language of the United States. I then explained why English should be the official language because jobs in America a based off the English language. To end my paper I took a different approach and explained why immigrants and others are against making English the official language. English Should be the Law What is the official language of the United States? There is currently no official language of the United States of America, even though most people believe it is English. In the United States English is the national and most common Language. There are many views on this issue and debates on weather English should be the official language go back as far as 1753. Throughout the world language is used to identify culture. United States immigrants are against making English the official language of the United States because they feel more comfortable talking in their own language. I believe English should be the official language of the United States and all immigrants should also gain some knowledge of the English language. Therefore if they learned English well enough they would be bilingual and by knowing English would...
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