...PRELIMINARY TITLE CHAPTER I EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS Article 1. This Act shall be known as the "Civil Code of the Philippines." (n) Art. 2. Laws shall take effect after fifteen days following the completion of their publication in the Official Gazette, unless it is otherwise provided. This Code shall take effect one year after such publication. (1a) Art. 3. Ignorance of the law excuses no one from compliance therewith. (2) Art. 4. Laws shall have no retroactive effect, unless the contrary is provided. (3) Art. 5. Acts executed against the provisions of mandatory or prohibitory laws shall be void, except when the law itself authorizes their validity. (4a) Art. 6. Rights may be waived, unless the waiver is contrary to law, public order, public policy, morals, or good customs, or prejudicial to a third person with a right recognized by law. (4a) Art. 7. Laws are repealed only by subsequent ones, and their violation or non-observance shall not be excused by disuse, or custom or practice to the contrary. When the courts declared a law to be inconsistent with the Constitution, the former shall be void and the latter shall govern. Administrative or executive acts, orders and regulations shall be valid only when they are not contrary to the laws or the Constitution. (5a) Art. 8. Judicial decisions applying or interpreting the laws or the Constitution shall form a part of the legal system of the Philippines. (n) Art. 9. No judge or court...
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...Marriage, Sex and Adultery in the !Kung Janvi Patel HSP 3U7-02 Friday May 7, 2013 Marjorie Shostak’s ethnography, “Nisa -The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman”, delivers remarkable information on the !Kung tribe of hunters and gatherers from Southern Africa’s Kalahari Desert. This ethnography combines an etic perspective from Shostak as she observes this tribe, and an emic perspective from Nisa, who describes her life as a !Kung woman. Shostak provides thorough information on the !Kung’s hunting and gathering lifestyle where both sexes are seen as economic providers because of their involvement and commitment in hunting and gathering. As a result, rights and privileges are almost shared equally amongst !Kung men and women, similar to that of the Canadian society. In this paper, I will investigate these striking similarities between the !Kung society and the Canadian society in terms of marriage, sexuality, and romance considering the aspects of multiple marriages and divorces, sex and adultery that exist in both cultures. In the !Kung society, first marriages are arranged by the parents. At this time, females are usually sixteen to seventeen years of age, whereas males are twenty to thirty. This is because males are only eligible for marriage if they have acquired the ability to hunt. These marriages are called “trial marriages.” In these marriages, divorces are quite common and are initiated by the young females due to pressure from their husbands to commence sexual activities...
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...The Influence of Social Institutions: Family, Religion and Education Elizabeth Bouer SOC/100 May 30, 2016 Dr. Karly Way Schauwecker The Influence of Social Institutions: Family, Religion and Education Early philosopher and originator of Functionalism theory, Herbert Spence (1820-1903), compared parallels between the function of the human anatomy and society. “He argued that just as the various organs of the body work together to keep the body functioning, the various parts of society work together to keep society functioning” (OpenStax CNX, 2015, p.15 ). Just as the body has organs that help it to exist and thrive, society also has key components which attribute to its overall success. These essential parts of the successful and fluid existence of a society are referred to as social institutions. Social institutions are structures of principles or conducts, focused on achieving social needs. Six critically significant, outlines of social institutions are: government, education, family, healthcare, religion and the economy (CNX, 2015). Government has its benefits, in that it helps to structure, regulate and organize a society. Healthcare is an essential component, not only for the continuity of existence, but as well as for continuance of reaching full/highest human potential. The economy (more specifically its success), is a critical element for a society’s ability to endure, succeed and grow. However, for many, out of the six institutions,...
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...Table of content 1. Introduction to contract …………………………………………………………....1 2. Age of majority …………………………………………………….……..1 3. What contract that a minor can enter?......................................................................2 4. Contract of necessaries ……………………………………………………………3 5. Contract of scholarships………………………………………………………..….4 6. Contract of employment ………………………………………………………..…4 7. Contract of marriage ………………………………………………………..…5 8. Reference ……………………………………………………..……6 Introduction to contract Contract (or informally known as an agreement in some jurisdictions), can define as an agreement having lawful object entered into voluntarily by parties or a legally binding or enforceable agreement. Each of whom intends to create one or more legal obligations between them. The legislation in Malaysia governing contract is the Contract Act 1950(Act 136), which revised in year 1974. Contracts are an integral part of our daily lives. There are constantly being entered into by individuals with other individuals or business, as well as businesses with other businesses, to sell or transfer property, to provide and receive services and other rights and obligations created (Lee Mei Pheng & Ivan Jeron Dette, 2014). Contracts are closed connected with our daily life, for example, the sales and purchase of goods in based on contract, the employer hiring employees is based on...
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...ARCHIE NIÑAL & PEPITO NIÑAL, JR., petitioners, vs. NORMA BAYADOG, respondent. YNARES-SANTIAGO, J.: May the heirs of a deceased person file a petition for the declaration of nullity of his marriage after his death? Pepito Niñal was married to Teodulfa Bellones on September 26, 1974. Out of their marriage were born herein petitioners. Teodulfa was shot by Pepito resulting in her death on April 24, 1985. One year and 8 months thereafter or on December 11, 1986, Pepito and respondent Norma Badayog got married without any marriage license. In lieu thereof, Pepito and Norma executed an affidavit dated December 11, 1986 stating that they had lived together as husband and wife for at least five years and were thus exempt from securing a marriage license. On February 19, 1997, Pepito died in a car accident. After their father's death, petitioners filed a petition for declaration of nullity of the marriage of Pepito to Norma alleging that the said marriage was void for lack of a marriage license. The case was filed under the assumption that the validity or invalidity of the second marriage would affect petitioner's successional rights. Norma filed a motion to dismiss on the ground that petitioners have no cause of action since they are not among the persons who could file an action for "annulment of marriage" under Article 47 of the Family Code. Judge Ferdinand J. Marcos of the Regional Trial Court of Toledo City, Cebu, Branch 59, dismissed the petition after finding that the Family Code is...
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...Causes and Effects of Broken Family Family is the basic unit of society. This is the most essential component of a country. Governance will only be effective if the citizens are properly oriented with good values and virtues, which is commonly taught by the family. A home is where a family lives. It may be alternated to the word ‘house’ but a house is more appropriately referring to the material structure, whereas ‘home’ refers to the intangible things that bind together the family members. It is the immeasurable love and care that keeps together the mother, father and their children. However, no matter how ideal a family in the terms of their relationship, there are still hardships and misunderstandings that will come along the way. It is just part of any relationship anyway. But, the sad part is when one of the family members gave up and the others have no choice but to accept and let go. Thus, the family starts to be broken. Broken family varies from numerous reasons why it had to be that way. But usually, misunderstanding starts from simple domestic quarrel that grows impertinently damaging the long-forged relationship between the family members. When a couple split up, it is the children that are greatly affected scarring them physically, emotionally and socially. The most common dispute between a husband and a wife is the financial issue. This is rooted when the father, which should be the provider for the family, can’t give enough money for the sustenance...
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...institution of marriage. In this day and age divorce rates are reaching 40-50% , 90% of couples describe that they have lost the passion and, in 80% of marriages there has been an affair. Conservationists are arguing that same sex couples are ruining the sanctity of marriage but have we not already done that ourselves? It is time to accept it. It’s just not in our nature to be with someone "forever" and social science is proving this now more than ever. This is not just a recent problem, though; Plato refers to marriage as a "natural enemy" for the "commonwealth". It is time to stop being conditioned by society and ask our self why law is needed to keep people together if it’s such a natural act. What is the proof to this inhumanity you might ask? Well in America there is a divorce every 13 seconds, which is 6,646 divorces per day with divorce rates reaching as early stated 40-50% with those who do remain married describing themselves as unhappy. Those who disagree with this put forth that this is because of young people getting married who do not know what they are doing, but, the average age of couples going through divorce is 30 years old. There is then the fact that first time marriages have a 41% chance of permanent separation and it only gets worse from there with 60% chances for second time and, a 73% chance for third time. Isn’t the definition of insanity doing the same thing over and over and expecting different result? So why can’t we not bring adjustment to this area of...
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...2001, an estimated 1% of all child workers, or about 120,000 children in India were in a hazardous job.[10] UNICEFestimates that India with its larger population, has the highest number of labourers in the world under 14 years of age, while sub-saharan African countries have the highest percentage of children who are deployed as child labour.[11][12][13]International Labour Organisation estimates that agriculture at 60 percent is the largest employer of child labour in the world,[14] while United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organisation estimates 70% of child labour is deployed in agriculture and related activities.[15] Outside of agriculture, child labour is observed in almost all informal sectors of the Indian economy. CHILD LABOUR ACTS AND RULES After its independence from colonial rule, India has passed a number of constitutional protections and laws on child labour. The Constitution of India in the Fundamental Rights and the Directive of State Policy prohibits child labour below the age of 14 years in any factory or mine or castle or engaged in any other hazardous employment (Article 24). The constitution also envisioned that India shall, by 1960, provide infrastructure and resources for free and compulsory education to all children of the age six to 14 years. India has a federal form of government, and child labour is a matter on which both the central government and country governments can legislate, and have. The major national legislative developments include the following:[35] ...
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...invade Cambodia during the Vietnam War in 1970. At this time the draft was instituted which forced thousands of young adults from ages eighteen to twenty one to join the army. This furiated millions of young Americans because during the early part of the Vietnam War and in 1969, the voting age was still twenty one. People who were being drafted were often extremely young and were still in college or just...
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...client is in need of marriage counseling. I will refer my client to a trusted marriage counselor who can take care of my client’s needs in a comfortable setting. John Wagner, M.S., relationship coach, is an Orlando Marriage and Couples Counselor, having helped over 1,000 couples recover and repair relationships suffering even the most challenging of issues, I'm uniquely qualified to help you create the emotional and sexual intimacy you desire with your partner. I offer both 90-minute therapy sessions as well as 1, 2, and 3-day private intensive couples retreats to meet your specific relationship needs. With over two decades of expertise and over 1,000 client sessions, you can be assured of results in receiving treatment for: • Affairs and Infidelity • Sex Addiction • Sex Therapy • Career Counseling • Financial Infidelity • Parenting Counseling • Step Family Counseling • Family Business Counseling I am dedicated to helping you and your partner master the relationship skills critical for facing complex relationship issues. The benefits of learning these relationship strategies extend far beyond our time together and help immeasurably in creating the happy, healthy relationship you desire. Begin healing your wounds today by calling me for a confidential appointment at (407) 619-3258. Divorce Is Not Your Only Option!...
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...Not Full Faith and Credit In this current century we as a society are witnessing science and technology that adapts at an ever increasing pace, infinitely changing. We as a society give great weight to the belief in equality and equal opportunity. A practicality of thinking has become the norm for much of society due to this increasing belief in a scientific basis for our decisions. However, in a society that seems to pride itself on being superior in intellectual and technological progress, where one of the very watchwords of the day is equality, we still cling to a fairly archaic idea of the definition of marriage. This definition holds the rights and responsibilities, as well as the protections inherent to this idea of marriage being only available as a legal construct for heterosexual couples. We discriminate against our homosexual citizens and their right to have their long term relationships recognized and given the same validity as those long term relationships of heterosexual couples through the societal construct of marriage. Same-sex marriage has become a huge issue for many in the United States, it is a “lightning rod” issue that seems to polarize the two sides of the argument. There does not seem to be much, if any, common ground to stand upon. A person either holds the belief, often backed by their faith, that gay marriage is unacceptable, or they discard that belief and can't conceive of why that viewpoint is in any way valid. For most people there really is...
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...lack of progression made. With all of the hard work women endure and go through to support their husband and family, they receive no recognition, just the degrading treatment to remind them that their husband rules over them, that they have no say, and no right to do anything without permission from their spouse. Luckily over time, Indigenous Andean women’s rights, roles, and health have developed greatly since the 1940’s due to the development of education, knowledge, empowerment, and opportunity growth for women in Latin America. In this paper I have brought to attention the rough and unfair circumstances that Latin American indigenous women of the Andes have had to endure since the 1940’s to present day. The first subject brought to attention is the topic of marriage and what it entails for a woman of the time. Also included is the role of them woman and how they are treated and disrespected by their husbands in the early decades of this century. The I continue to dicuss how in future years circumstances change, and how women become more independent and even the role’s of the household out more, if not totally turn them around. Finally, I discuss the matter of health care to indigenous women in the Andes and how their culture has affected many aspects of their decisions concerning their health and that of their family. In both aspects that I have brought to attention, over time do get better and improve with help from support of men and of accessibility to hospitals, and...
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...bearing ID 05362001 am expressing my heart full gratitude to Almighty Allah for giving me the capability to complete this dissertation successfully. Next I am cordially grateful to Dr. Ferdous Jahan. Development Studies Program, BRAC University for her sincere help to give me a chance to complete my dissertation. Without her support it was impossible for me to complete this dissertation. Abstract A woman I girl is usually it burden for it family in our country . Generally no mother or father feels happy if they give birth of a baby girl. Then and then they start to do worry for the baby if it is not have fair skin colour . Parents start thinking of its marriage . This is the scenario of it girl. An infant also has to suffer for her beauty. A girl's journey starts just after her birth . In it teenage a girl can understand her parent ' s tension for her marriage . She starts to suffer in inferiority complex or superiority complex for her complexion etc. Both are harmful . Its like a poison for it girl's mind that she thinks herself outcast only for her physical beauty . On the contrary she starts losing her psychological beauty. I f it woman is only preparing herself for being it perfect bride according to the demands of in-laws. she cannot he empowered . Women's empowerment depends on their education . thoughts , economical independence etc. In this study newspaper advertisement of a long period of almost thirty years is covered to see the changes in groom's...
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...Economic/Demographic Necessity? Ancient Greco-Roman societies are discussed to this day for their amazing accomplishments in the areas of philosophy, architecture and politics. Their imprint on history is something that will likely never be reproduced. Both of these societies are recognized as patriarchal in nature, which means that there were limited opportunities for women in comparison to the western societies of today which will be discussed in Return of the Patriarchy by Phillip Longman. The best way to determine the reasons for the limitations placed on Greek and Roman women is to refer to ancient writings which capture the realities of their lives and times. It can be surmised from these writings that the limitations placed on women was not the result of lack of respect or capability but driven by necessity. The necessity of a patriarchal society in Greece and Rome was the primary factor in the limitations set on women. Phillip Longman talks about patriarchy in his article Return of Patriarchy describing it as, “a value system that not only requires men to marry but to marry women of proper station…a cultural regime that serves to keep birthrates high among the affluent, while also maximizing parents’ investment in their children…no advanced civilization has yet learned how to endure without it” meaning that the only way that Greece and Rome could have existed for as long as it did was with this system of patriarchy, the foundation of both civilizations (Longman, 58). High...
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...numerous problems like superstitions, illiteracy, cast system and dowry system, etc. It is surprising that in these days of the 20th century even, we are still drowned in the dark depth of these evils. One of the worst evils of Indian Society is the dowry system. The word ‘dowry’ means the property and money that a bride brings to her husband’s house at the time of her marriage. It is a custom that is prevalent in all the sections of our society in one form or the other. At the beginning it was voluntary, but later on the social pressure was such that very few could escape from it. The dowry at present is a source of both joy and curse in the society. It is also a joy to the husband and his relatives who get cash, costly dress and utensils, furniture, bedding materials, etc. But, it is a curse to the bride’s parents who have to bear enormous cost to satisfy the unreasonable demands of the bridegroom’s party. A demand of dowry does not diminish even after marriage. The in-laws of the bride are very much ready in Indian homes to inflict harassment, insults and tortures-both mental and physical. When more pressure is put on the bride’s parents, their dear daughter has no other option but to commit suicide to avoid more insult and torture at the hands of the members of her husband’s family. Also read: Social Issues in India (causes, effects and solutions) This curse of Dowry System must be eradicated forth with at any cost. Women from every walk of life, literate or illiterate...
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