...Heavyweights Dar Al-Islam and The Byzantine Empire. The Muslim World and The Byzantine Empire were two of the most powerful and most-linked-together civilizations during the Middle Ages due mostly to their cultural achievements, religious values, and economic activities. The Byzantine Empire and Muslim World had very similar and different cultural achievements due to their very unique styles but also sharing each other’s ideas as well. The Muslim world’s cultural achievements focused more on the development and interaction of cultures while the Byzantine Empire’s cultural achievements revolved more around the ideology of state building and the arts, but although there are some obvious differences between the two civilizations, their cultural achievements were very similar in many ways. Although the two civilizations practiced religions that shared some similarities, they did have religious oppositions as well and differed in many of their beliefs. Contrary to their very different religious values, they had very similar economic structures by trading on the silk roads and having very strong banking systems. The Muslim World and Byzantine Empire do share some similarities when it comes to economic activities and cultural achievements, they vary and contrast greatly when it comes to each of the civilization’s religious values. The Dar Al-Islam and the Byzantine Empire had quite different religious values, although some similarities are prevalent. Both Islam and Christianity...
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...Importance of Shab-e-Mairaaj The Night of Ascension 27th Rajjab A brief description of the Mairaj Just one year before his exodus from Mecca to Madina, on the 27th night of Rajab, Prophet MuhammadPBUH had a unique experience in the history of all religions. The ProphetPBUH, accompanied by Angel Gabriel was taken for Night Journey-(ISRA) from Mecca to Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. There he led a congregation of the souls of all the earlier ProphetsPBUT. Then accompanied by Angel Gabriel he had the Ascension-(MAIRAJ) to Heavens. In the heavens he met again with the ProphetsPBUT individually. Then he was taken to see the Paradise and the Hell. He was shown what the fate of the humans would be after the Day of Judgment. How the Believers and the Righteous would be rewarded in the Paradise and also how the non-believers and the wicked would be chastised in the Hell. After seeing several important divine Signs (Ayaat) he was led by Gabriel to the Sid’rah (The Berry Tree). Gabriel stopped there. The ProphetPBUH proceeded from there to the Divine Proximity. The ProphetPBUH had the Vision of Allah, Lord of the Universe. Five obligatory prayers were ordained by the way of Thanksgiving. The ProphetPBUH was brought back to the earth and to his own place before the Dawn prayers in the same night. Importance of Shab-e-Mairaj The most important things we believe about the Mairaj are noted below: 1) The night journey (ISRA) and the Ascension (MAIRAJ) both did not take place spiritually” nor...
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...1.0 Introduction Allah Subhanahu wa Ta’ala has commenced the revelation of the Holy Qur’an by mentioning regarding the importance of Knowledge,the challenges of modern times call for rebuilding the structure of our educational program on such a foundation as to fulfill our spiritual as well as temporary obligations. Secular for this day to day dwelling and religious for his smooth life on earth and hereafter. Education in Islam is not only getting decent earnings but practicing it in real life for the betterment of the others. It was as a result of application of knowledge that Muslims were the superpower of the world for twelve centuries. Knowledge is the most important thing in one’s life. Today we need an education system which can produce, Muslim philosopher, Muslim scientist, Muslim economist, Muslim jurist, Muslim statesman, in brief, Muslim experts in all fields of knowledge who would reconstruct the social order in accordance with the tenets of Islam. There are two kinds of knowledge: Religious knowledge and Secular knowledge..both kinds of knowledge’s are very important for a human being. 2.0 The main idea Islamic education is the one w which covers the social aspects of a human being including the process of character development and good social behavior. Sculars concludes that these three terms suggests a possible analysis in three areas of Muslim education; ‘(a) aiding individual development, (b) increasing understanding of society and its social and moral...
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...The Muslim World and its Problems in the 21st Century The Prospects of Muslim Renaissance Problems of the Muslim world in 21st century and Prospects of Muslim renaissance In the twenty first century the Muslim world is passing through a very challenging and crucial situation. We will face countless problems in the near future and we have to fight for our survival. There are multidimensional external attacks as well as internal challenges in the Muslim world. The Muslim world is under cultural raid and very fatal conspiracies. In order to know about the problems of the Muslims, it is necessary to look briefly at some of the aspects of physical and demographic profile of the Muslim world Area and population of Muslim world The Muslim world represents one fifth of the humanity occupying a global land mass spreading over 57 countries. It represents 23% of world population. The birth rate in Muslim world is 3.4%. about 80% of Muslim population is living in Muslim countries and the rest in the non-Muslim countries. DEFENSE The Muslim world is very weak as far as their defense is concerned due to low literacy rate and short of science and technology. In this case they cannot compete with the western world. Most of the Muslim countries look to the west for their defense. Total army of the Muslim world is 67 lacks. Although the Muslim world spends almost 76 billion dollars...
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...Islam today is facing challenges from within and from the wider world. The critical problems are the fundamental tensions within Islam. The attitudes and criticisms common in the outside world can be ignored as misguided or hostile, but the tensions within Islam throughout the world must be confronted. In a simple geographical sense, Islam has to come to grips with its changing centres. The religious centres define the heartland: Saudi Arabia maintains its guardianship of the shrines at Mecca and Medina, and the conduct of the hajj, against the claims of Shii Iran, the Shii tradition, and other sects disillusioned with Saudi Arabia's credentials within the ummah. Saudi Arabia enjoys much of its strength to repudiate other claims because it...
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...Theological Seminary The Rise of Islam A Paper Submitted to Dr. John Nixon In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course History of Christianity 1 CHHI 520-B25 By Ryan R Kappel Student ID#: 24489882 March 4, 2012 Table of Contents I. Thesis Statement 3 II. Introduction 3 III. Trade 4 IV. Political Dominance 7 V. Monotheism 10 VI. Conclusion 11 Bibliography 12 Thesis Statement The rise of Islam is due in part to the cultural climate from its beginnings in the form of global trade advantages, political dominance, and monotheism. Introduction This paper will look into issues surrounding the rise of the religion of Islam. As the current fastest growing world religion, Islam has a history reaching back fourteen centuries. To learn what continues to drive this system of belief, it is essential to understand its roots. The heart of Islam’s beginning originates in Mohammad’s vision from God. Still, there must be more than this to drive such a powerful system. Why did Islam have its beginnings in the Arab world in the late sixth century? And further, why did the religion spread so rapidly? Are the factors internal or external? In other words, is growth to be attributed to Islam’s comprehensively sound teachings for all peoples? Or is the growth to be attributed to situations surrounding its origins? To analyze the internal factors would ultimately lead to whether or not God is the cause of the success of Islam. This is beyond the nature of...
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...and Director Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding Georgetown University islamic leviathan Islam and the Making of State Power Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Islamic Leviathan Islam and the Making of State Power Ú seyyed vali reza nasr 1 2001 3 Oxford Athens Chennai Kolkata Nairobi New York Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Paris São Paul Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated comapnies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 2001 by Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, 1960 – Islamic leviathan : Islam and the making of state power / Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr. p. cm.—(Religion and global politics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-514426-0 1. Malaysia—Politics and government. 2. Islam and politics—Malaysia. 3. Pakistan—Politics and government—1988 – 4. Islam and politics—Pakistan. I. Title. II. Series. DS597.2.N37 2001 322′.1′095491—dc21 00-064968 ...
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...1. How does Islam handle the relationship between man and woman in society? Many Quranic verses address men and women separately, as distinct sexes, while others refer to the human species as such. The injunctions of Islam are meant for both men and women, both of whom have immortal souls, are held responsible for their actions in this world, and will be judged accordingly in the hereafter. The gates of both Heaven and hell as well as the intermediate purgatorial states are open to members of both sexes, and the injunctions of religion pertain to both men and women, who are equal before the Divine Law in this world and before God on the Day of Judgment.As far as the social and economic aspects of life are con-cerned, Islam sees the role of the two sexes in their complementarity rather than in their opposition. The role of women is seen primarily but not necessarily exclusively as preserving the family and bringing up the children and that of men as protecting the family and providing economically for it.The Quran, however, does not forbid women to engage in economic or even political life, and in certain sectors of even traditional Islamic society, such as agriculture, women have always participated in economic life on a par with men. Both men and women have, however, complete economic independence according to Islamic Law, and a woman can do what she wants with her wealth independent of her husband. What is especially emphasized is the central role of the family, which remains...
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...ECONOMIC SYSTEM IN ISLAM Compared with Capitalism and Socialism By Abdul Husain Muhammad 2nd Edition 1975 Published By World Organization for Islamic Services, P. O. Box No.11365-1545, Tehran. (IRAN) IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE MOST COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL. Praise belongs to Allah, the Lord of all. beings; the Most Compassionate, the Merciful; the Master of the Day of Judgment; Thee only we serve, and to Thee alone we pray for succour; Guide us in the straight path; the path of those whom Thou hast blessed, who are immune from Thy wrath and have never gone astray. O'Allah! send your blessings to the head of your messengers and the last of your prophets, Muhammad and his pure and cleansed progeny. Also send your blessings to all your prophets and envoys. CONTENTS Foreword ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. Introduction .................................... The Triple Nature of Possession ... ... ... ... ... Freedom of Private Enterprise and its Limits ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Social Justice ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Economic Problems ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3 7 18 21 34 38 Dear Reader This leaflet is one of several Islamic publications that we distribute, as a contribution, among the people throughout the world. You are requested to study the present publication with care and if you find it useful, please pass it on to your friend. You may re quisition...
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...Modern Challenges Today Islam is facing challenges from the wider world and from within. Muslims feel that Islam is the way of life. They feel Islam is the way due to their system which controls and governs more than 1.2 Billion lives of women and men around the world (http://answering-islam.org/Nehls/tt1/tt1.html). Islam’s goal is for all people to submit to the Islamic religion. With Islamic religion spreading over counties across the globe, they are now facing challenges within their own religion and throughout the world (http://answering-islam.org/Nehls/tt1/tt1.html) The commonality between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity is that they are sometimes called “Abrahamic religions” due to their history being traced back to Abraham in the Bible. These three religions also share their theism which is of strict monotheism faith. These religions also share common characteristics which are that they believe there is only one God. Each religion also believes that in good afterlife there is eternal heaven or paradise and bad afterlife results in damnation or eternal hell. The people is another commonality and that each person soul is important and the need to be saved and do have a choice to be a good person or not (http://www.religionfacts.com/islam/comparison_charts/islam_judaism_christianity.htm ). Islam response to the challenges in the modern world is to implement what they have seen and to embrace it. The starting point of changing Islam from being a simple religion of only...
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...Islam Islamic culture generally includes all the practices which have developed around the religion of Islam, including Qur'anic ones such as prayer (salat) and non-Qur'anic such as divisions of the world in Islam. It includes as the Baul tradition of Bengal, and facilitated the peaceful conversion of most of Bengal. There are variations in the application of Islamic beliefs in culture. I learn the following Their are many diverse Muslim cultural groups: the Asian Muslims, the Middle Eastern, the African, the European and the American Muslims, each with their own variations on customs and traditions. Muslims believe that the Creator of all mankind is one God (called ‘Allah’ in Arabic), and that the God of all Abrahamic religions is the same God. Muslims believe Islam is the continuation and culmination of Judaism and Christianity The traditional role of an Imam (Arabic word, meaning, ‘stand in front of’) is to lead a group in prayer, guide in the matters of worship, and perform services like marriage or funeral rites etc Cleanliness is considered of utmost importance, especially as prerequisite to prayer, for one’s person and the place of prayer. Animal saliva is considered unclean and must be washed off before prayer can be offered It is considered highly disrespectful to draw a visual representation of any prophet. The historical perspective is to discourage idol worshipping in accordance with the concept of monotheism, which is a central tenet of Islam Pork and its products...
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...Differences of Islam Muslims differ significantly in their evaluations of the importance of religion based on the region they are located. There are variations of views on such topics of education, prayer, worshiping and morality found in different regions. In this paper I will argue that many differences that exist between various Islamic communities can be explained by understanding the role of regionally specific political problems and cultural practices outside of the Islamic tradition. Though people around the world practice an allegedly unified Islam, their understandings of the tradition reflect the specific local contexts and circumstances of individuals, communities, and nations. The challenge of western colonialism caused Muslims to be against European imperialism as it threatened their political, religious and cultural identity. Their responses to colonialism varied from rejection and confrontation to admiration and imitation (PP Islam and the West 24). Showing how reactions to westernization can be specific to region. The country Turkey operates one example of a nonviolent revolution. In Turkey, Islam was showing a more dominant position is the social-economic and political life of society. With the acceptance of westernization, Turkey had been able to experience the power of religion in Muslim politics cordially. A little to the East, the Iranian revolution in Iran reinforced the belief that Muslims wanted to emulate the ideas of the west; economic and political...
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...Islam and Muslims in North America * With arising consciousness, with American blacks, the idea that very many of them could have been Muslims, got stronger and stronger * There are estimates that between 14-20 % of Africans brought over to America, were Muslims. * The first Muslims: pre-Columbian and Columbian arrivals or visits? * Muslims arrivals through the slave trade, from early 1600’s to Abolition of slavery in 1863 * Muslim migration to North America * African American Muslims- assertion of identity from 20th c. On 1.3rd of total Muslim population in the USA * Converts * Omar ibn Sayyid (1770-1864) * Born in Senegal, he was enslaved and brought into American in 1806. * Prescribed himself out of a teacher and left the slavery expeditions * Was sold to one master, who died * The next one who bought him forced him into hard labour * Although he was baptized, he was still a practising Muslim Muslim Immigration to North America * Immigrant “cohorts” -Pioneer families (19th c. To WWII) -Transitional families(post WWI to 1968) -Differentiated families (From 1968to today) * Issues -Integration -{reserving an identity) -Diversity within (ethnic, religious) -Proselytizing from other faith communities * 60’s are the turning point for Muslim migration -the post war economic boom and economic recovery, necessitates the influx of labour in Europe and in the North America= immigration is incurred. The...
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...Major Divisions of Islam, And Their Teachings And Functions By Shalonda Reddick HUM 400 0030016 Religion And Philosophy There are three Major divisions of Islam Sunni, Shi’ah, and Khawarij. The Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. The word Sunni comes from the word Sunnah, which means the teachings and actions or examples of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Therefore, the term “Sunni” refers to those who follow or maintain the Sunnah of the prophet Muhammad. The Sunnis believe that Muhammad did not specifically appoint a successor to lead the Muslim ummah (community) before his death, and after an initial period of confusion, a group of his most prominent companions gathered and elected Abu Bakr Siddique-Muhammad’s close friend and a father-in-law-as the first caliph(head of state or ruler in and Islamic community) of Islam Sunnis also believe that the position of caliph may be attained democratically, on gaining majority votes, but after the Rashidun, the position turned into a heredity dynastic rule because of the divisions that started by the Shias and others. The Sunnis believe in monotheism, prophethood/messengership, Holy books, Angels, Judgment Day, and Predestination. The Sunnis consist of five pillars- Declaration of Faith, Prayer, Charity, Fasting, and Pilgrimage. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches The Sunni emphasize the power and sovereignty of Allah and his right to do whatever he wants...
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...research paper l will examine the teachings of Islam and how they are interpreted and or practiced in different countries and cultures, including the United States, Great Britain, the Middle East, India and Pakistan, and Asia. How Islam is understood in each country's culture and how is it contrasted with Christianity and Judaism? How do these understandings impact the ways that Muslims and non-Muslims interact and communicate with one another. Body 1. Practices of Islam in the United States • Islam influences on the American Life • Muslin Resiliency in America • Acceptance of Islam by America 2. Practices of Islam in Great Britain • Muslim alliance in Great Britain • Integration in Great Britain 3. Practices of Islam in India and Pakistan • Muslim sects • Muslim Sovereignty 4. Practices of Islam in the Asia • Muslim roots and culture • Muslim and Non-Muslim Practices 5. Muslims and non-Muslims similarities • Similarity between Christianity, Judaism and Islam • Similar prophets of Judaism, Christianity and Islam (Kleven, T. J. 2013). • Quran, Torah and New Testament similarities (Kleven, T. J. 2013). 6. Conclusion References Abou-Zaid, A. S., & Leonce, T. (2014). Religious Pluralism, yet a Homogenous Stance on Interest Rate: The Case of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Contemporary Economics, 8(2), 219-228. Kattan, A. E. (2014). Christianity in a Culture Marked by Islam: Facts and Visions....
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