...Jamiat-e-Islami, Islamic political party in Pakistan INTRODUCTION 1. The rise of Islamic militancy or the jihad culture in Pakistan was directly sponsored by the security forces of Pakistan and is a legacy of Pakistan’s creation as an Islamic state and Pakistan’s involvement in the creation of the Taliban and its rise to power in Afghanistan. Since the arrival of the United States in the region post-9/11 and its support for Pakistan in its fight against Islamic extremism, Pakistan’s home-grown insurgent forces have turned its fight against the state itself in its resistance against a stable and democratic government. This conflict has led to a growth in Islamic extremism in Pakistan’s border regions which have turned into safe-havens for fighters in Afghanistan in their war against the US and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (GoIRA). Evidence shows that these fighters still receive covert support from Pakistan’s Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) agency and elements of the Pakistani military. 2. Scope. This essay will first explain the roots of Islamic militancy in Pakistan including Pakistan’s involvement in the rise of the Taliban and home-grown extremist groups. This essay will then examine the nature and extent of the conflict between the Islamic militants and the Pakistani government and finally how this conflict is influencing the insurgency in Afghanistan. 3. Aim. The aim of this essay is to explain the causes and nature of the conflict between Islamic extremists...
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...Islamic Terrorist Groups: A Comparative Study of Terror Jason Schrand HSM 305: Survey of Homeland Security & Emergency Mgmt Instructor: Blake Cheary October 6, 2013 The phrase "Islamic Terrorist" conjures many images for different people. Many will recollect the acts of September 11, 2001 - the act of terror that led the United States first into an invasion of the Taliban-controlled nation of Afghanistan and then into the "Second Gulf War" with Iraq. While both wars made great progress toward the initial goals, namely the overthrow of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and the Hussein dictatorship in Iraq, as the years went by and the war dragged on, seemingly endlessly, the Islamic groups faced by the United States and her Allies seemed to be wearing down the civilian desire to continue to wage war. What American civilians do not seem to understand is that not only does the multitude of groups have very nearly the same goals, but they are also willing to die for their cause and will be almost impossible to defeat unless they are hunted and destroyed. A study of the Islamic terror groups must include historic examples; Islamic extremism is not a recent development, nor has the ideology of the extremist believers changed much since the Islamic Conquests began in the 7th Century. In F.M. Mickolus' work International Terrorism in the 1980's, Mickolus wrote that since 1968 alone two-thirds of the known incidents of terrorism in the world had occurred in...
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...Chantal Badie Islamic Extremists English 135-Advanced Composition Devry University Dr. Ralph Monday April 7, 2011 Islamic Extremists Nearly everyone has heard about Islam and the Arab world. In addition, many countries have already faced issues with the Muslim believers. Islam has caused problems, terrorist attacks, anti-democracy all over the world. They were also very successful in sending a message of who they truly are. People who are literally obedient to the Islamic faith are called Islamic Extremists. People, who are of the Islamic faith however desire to survive in peace without tribulations are not considered obedient or dutiful to the Islamic faith, these people are called moderate Muslims. Therefore, the Islamic religious extremists are the major group in Islam who follow the Qur’an word for word and create extreme violence that moderate Muslims do not. Islamic extremism started in Egypt in the late 1920s. During the inter-war years, the country was occupied by the British military. The Nationalist Wafd movement, led by Saad Zaghloul, opposed the presence of the British, as would anyone whose country is being occupied by a foreign military power. (A brief history of Islamic extremism) In 1928, Hassan al-Banna established the term “The Muslim Brotherhood” which was the first Islamist movement. The British government supported the nascent movement in an attempt to counterbalance the Nationalists. In modern Egyptian politics, the Muslim Brotherhood is the largest...
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...ISIS ISIS is radical terrorist group the represents the Islamic State of Syria and Iraq. Their ideology originates from the Wahhabism belief system. ISIS has branched off from the terrorist group AL-Qaeda and has become one of the most extremist jihadi groups in the world. They control a territory that stretches from the Western part of Iraq to the Eastern parts of Syria. Their army is made up of thousands of religiously intolerant individuals who view anyone who does not share the same beliefs as them as an enemy. (Gerges)“Isis is a symptom of the broken politics in the Middle East.” In the past decade many Middle Eastern governments failed which created a power vacuum that ISIS took advantage of. ISIS poses a huge threat to the areas that they reside in, as well as to the Unites States national security.. Many of their attacks and killings have been recorded and posted on the Internet in hopes to inflict fear upon the rest of the world. Technology has played huge role in ISIS’s continuous expansion. In order to understand the way members of ISIS think, one must trace their roots back to the belief system known as Wahhabism. Wahhabism is a severe form of Islam that follows the literal interpretations of the Koran. Strict followers of the faith believe that those who do not practice the same form of religion as they do are mortal enemies. Many researchers believe that Wahhabism has misconfigured the true meanings of Islam, and that this faith is a direct result of many terrorist...
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...BOOK REVIEW | LOSING THE BATTLE AGAINST ISLAMIC RADICALISM | | Raghav Sharma Research Intern, IPCS Descent into Chaos: How the War against Islamic Extremism is Being Lost in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Central Asia Ahmed RashidPenguin Books, 2008Pages: lviii+ 484 Price: Rs. 495 | | | The timing and the title of the Ahmed Rashid's latest book could not have been more appropriate. It comes at a critical juncture as the US shifts into election mode marked by politically-charged debates over its policies on the so-called war on terror and as much of South and Central Asia appear to be sliding dangerously down the path of anarchy. Rashid's work makes for a gripping read, his meticulous attention to detail, familiarity with the political and ethnic complexities, credentials as a journalist par excellence having covered the region extensively for 25 years and his access to key political players across the spectrum lend weight to his work.The author makes a stinging critique of the failure of the policies followed by the international community at large and the US in particular in addressing issues pertaining to social stagnation and state failure in the region that have been vital in fuelling the rise of extremism. While he rightly criticizes the Clinton administration's fire and ice policies in dealing with the rising extremist tide, it is the Bush administration he castigates most strongly for its ham-handed approach. This approach, he says was primarily responsible...
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...classified Lashkar-e-Taiba as a Foreign Terrorist Organization in 2001. The LeT was banned in Pakistan in January of 2002 due the pressure of the 9/11 attacks. Curtis, Lisa . “Bad Company: Lashkar-e-Tayyiba and the Growing Ambition of Islamist Militancy in Pakistan” Testimony to US Congress Committee on Foreign Affairs. Washington, DC. 2010 Restoration on islamic rule over all of India is the main ideology behind Lashkar-e-Taiba. Challenging India’s rule over Jammu and Kashmir is only part of what LeT is trying to accomplish. Uniting all Muslim majority regions in all countries surrounding Pakistan is also a goal of the LeT. To safeguard all Muslims in the world and defend Muslims under non-Muslim rule is another ideological goal. LeT has regularly supported using force to achieve its goals, andhas sworn the flag of Islam would be planted in Washington. Fair, C. Christine. “Lashkar-e-Taiba Beyond Bin Laden: Enduring Challenges for the Region and the International Community.” Testimony Prepared for the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee’ Hearing on “Al Qaeda, the Taliban, and Other Extremist Groups in Afghanistan and Pakistan.” May 24, 2011. Lashkar-e-Tabia attacked Indian army wives and children in May 2002. The United States stepped in to prevent war. This activity caused to U.S. military forces in Afghanistan. Jayshree Bajoria. “Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure) (a.k.a. Lashkare-Tayyiba, Lashkar e-Toiba; Lashkar-i-Taiba)”. Council...
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...Courtney Friedman Term Paper: International Terrorism (Due Week 10) Professor Smith 5/23/14 CRJ 440 Terrorism, it is a well-known term, every person has all heard of it, but yet do we really know what it is. Terrorism is in the eyes of most, a meaningless hate crime, which has no true reason behind it. The terrorism mindset is people who want to create terror among civilization. They are trained to disturb peace, and to break social harmony. Terrorism is also a horrible threat to the modern world and modern society. It has become a problem around the world, not just in the United States. Many innocent people are killed by terrorist and their acts of terrorism. An individual can see terrorism in multiple forms, but not limited to: Bombing, hijacking, cross border terrorist activities and massacres on a massive scale, in addition to many others not listed. Its consequences are very frightening. Though much effort is put into eliminating terrorism, it is impossible to get rid of it until some strict laws are devised. Whenever and wherever society is victim to brutality, injustice, wrongs and intolerance, terrorism cannot be eradicated. There are many terrorist groups out there, of many different origins and sects. The group that will be discussed is Al Qaeda, which is the most well-known out of the groups listed. The questions and statements that will be answered and debated are: 1.) A brief explanation of Al Qaeda and the summarization of its origins, 2.) Al Qaeda's major...
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...cartoonists' killers are a death cult” (2015) drawn by the David Horsey, which is published on Los Angeles Times. This cartoon appears because of the Charlie Hebdo’s attack in January. The action was a revenge of radical Islamists on French cartoonists who gave public offenses to their Prophet. The cartoon caused controversial arguments since many said it was the publication’s fault while many people seek an answer for the question if it is worth killing people for religious reasons. Horsey’s cartoon is a representative example for Islamic terrorists’ beliefs have made a too strong impact on them, thus lead to the use of violence in wrong ways. In the cartoon, Horsey draws a deathly place covered with skulls, while three armed men are prostrating in front of what looks like a grim reaper, saying, “We murder the French cartoonists in your name, oh, Holy one!” Ironically, the Death replies to them, “So, you fools still haven’t noticed I’m not Allah?” Islamic terrorists have threatened lives, bombed buildings, and attacked those who do not share their point of views. However, the ideas of those beliefs are wrong and unrealistic. In an article, “Disgracing Islam”, the author William Saletan writes, “The fantasy of these terrorists, like those who previously bombed Charlie Hebdo and attacked a Danish cartoonist, is that they’re honoring Islam. But they aren’t. They’re disgracing it.” Indeed, it clearly...
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...Persian-speaking population have been incorporated into the state. Some groups seek higher political recognition but the existence of Afghanistan as a state has not been questioned. The main groups are the Pashtuns, the Tajiks, the Hazaras, and the Uzbeks, but other smaller ethnic groups also live (Central Intelligence Agency, 2015, 22). The relationship between the different ethnicities living in Afghanistan was competitive before Communists came into power and the Pashtun groups tended to have the higher status. The Pashtun were also dominant within the Taliban movement (Scanlon, 2015). While historically there were a few religious minorities living in the country, most have left and the majority of the inhabitants are Muslims. There are two main Islamic denominations in the country are, the Sunnis and the Shiites. The Taliban government has not only forced religious minorities into exile but also intellectuals (Scanlon, 2015). Classes and castes are relatively common in Afghanistan and there are certain differences in wealth and social status. Religion and ethnicity also play a role in the hierarchy. For instance, most civil servants tend to be Persian-speaking urban population and was even more so the case in the past. Most administrative posts in provinces are held by Pashtuns, who typically do not have a connection to the local population. Social stratification is often express through marriage, as it is common for lower social groups to offer their daughters in marriage to groups higher...
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...The emergence of Clash of Civilizations we can see from the increasing the dispute between cultural region and the most obviously between the Islamic and Western. Incidents that convincingly the dispute between Muslim and Western, we can see from terrorist attack of 9/11, the war on Iraq and Afghanistan and never ending conflict between Israel and palestina. Those incidents are the highest profile examples of a global state of affairs whose ramifications extend to even the very local and regional levels Incident of the burning of copies of the Qu’ran to express hatred islam is senseless expression and point that the rising of Islamophobic sentiment in the world. On the other side, we also see a growing suspicion and reticence on the part of Arabs and Muslims to engage with Westerners on matters that may help develop their own societies. In Ali’s view, he said that no matter how pessimistic the landscape seems to be, we must not allow ourselves to concede to the inevitability of a trajectory which ends in the proverbial clash of civilizations. Further, it is an obligation to respond proactively to the tensions of our world by working actively and methodically to ameliorate them, so as to replace instability with stability, hostility with friendship, and animosity with alliances. In his view, he acknowledges the efforts of...
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...BRIEFING ON THE THREAT OF TERRORISM POSED TOWARDS TELECOMS ORGANISATIONS OPERATING IN AFRICA Purpose: The purpose of this briefing note is to present an overview of terrorist threats within Africa, spesifically towards the ... organisation operating in Africa and to make recommendations on how to mitigate the risk. Background: Terrorism: “the United Nations General Assembly has condemned terrorist acts using the following political description of terrorism: "Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Definitions_of_terrorism Terrorism has become a global threat and is not just confined to the theatre of war, it is also not only targeted at nations involved in those conflicts like the United States (9/11) and Great Britain (the July 7 London Bombings) but also with any nation and organization that is seen as an ally of such nations. ESICS Briefing on THE TERRORISM THREAT LINKED TO THE LIBYAN CRISIS states “obviously on the top of the list of likely targets for Colonel Gaddafi are the United Kingdom and France, they are closely followed by the United States (an old and usual enemy of Libya but also by the Arab countries taking part in the coalition...
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...I think Sun Tzu’s approach in dealing with war is suited for our times because terrorism is not fought in a conventional way. Generally terrorists are unseen, unpredictable, driven ideologically and differs from a conventional set battle among sides. Sun Tzu’s indirect approach could help in developing strategies against extremist groups. For example Al Qaeda is a known Islamic terrorist group that is a big threat to the U.S., by using Sun Tzu’s underhanded ways military and civilian strategists can gain insight into the current threat and the methods and goals of their adversary. Sun Tzu’s famous words still ring true today, “Know the enemy and know yourself; in a hundred battles you will never be in peril”. If we had only known our enemy a little better America could have possibly been more prepared for the attack on Sept. 11. Although understanding one’s self and one’s adversary is not always an easy task, particularly considering the use of propaganda, misperception and ethnocentrism (Mahnken, 2007: 77). As the world continues to rapidly change especially the change in how war is fought, Sun Tzu’s theories will continue to play a great role in understanding our environment politically and economically and recognizing our strengths and weaknesses. Sun Tzu’s indirect approach can be utilized in the upcoming announcement of Hamas’s new leadership. The Hamas is going full force ahead and is determined to destroy Israel by sharpening their strategic plans. This would...
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...1. This comic is addressing the issue of the Islamic extremist group, Isis, and more importantly the beheading video that the group released of American journalist James Foley. 2. In the cartoon the artist has drawn two separate pictures labing the first “Cancer:” and the second “Surgery:”. Furthermore, the first picture illustrates the leader of Isis with both a bloody knife while the second pictures shows an American missile heading towards the group Isis. By separating the pictures and using colons after the words “Cancer” and “Surgery”, the author cleverly conveys that Isis is a harmful disease to America and can only be removed by “surgery”. 3. This comic was recently posted here in America after Isis released the beheading of American journalist James Foley which warned the United States to withdraw from Islamic issues. The comic first appeared on the internet and applies to a more conservative audience. It would be fair to say that conservatists would relate more to this post because of the idea that America should be more involved in in global issues as opposed to a more liberal viewpoint that says America needs to tend to its own needs. 4. Steven Breen is the author of the comic and regularly produces comics primarily based on world issues. In addition, Steven Breen lives and publishes in San Diego. 5. Steven Breen argue in his comic that Isis is a cancer within our world and if the proper measures aren’t taken, Isis could potentially affect more of the...
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...Terrorism by the Egyptian Islamic Jihad Brandin P. Lea SCTY 488 – Terrorism and Homeland Security December 26, 2010 Professor Eric Witcher Abstract It has been the case that over the duration that mankind has graced the planet there has been group’s hell bent on enacting their beliefs and values upon the rest of the world. As time has passed there have been many times that these groups have changed the face of the planet permanently. You can look at any organized religious group and see just how they pushed the belief system onto others to spread their ideology. Now, taking into consideration that fundamentalism and militant groups are nothing new, you can see that it still affects society greatly even today. Let us look at the main group I am focusing on in this paper. The Egyptian Islamic Jihad is one of the most influential fundamentalists groups in the Middle East. Similar to other terrorist groups, the religious intensity factor of a particularly violent kind is pointing solely to Islam, even when religious frenzies are spreading remarkably everywhere. A retreat into religion became the way most Islamic communities could be explained, from Saudi Arabia which, with what was supposed to be a peculiarly Islamic logic, refused to ratify the Camp David Accords, all the way to Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Egypt. In this way, researchers underline that the Islamic world is differentiated, in the Western mind generally, in the United States in particular, from regions...
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...hand-grenades or other explosives in a shopping centre or a crowded place like a railway-station or a bus stand or even a bus, train or aeroplane, kidnapping, assassination or hijacking. Different terrorist activities all over the world may have different aims, but a few goals, common to all may be underlined. It may be because they want a regime to react or they intend to mobilize a mass support through fear, to eliminate opponents or enemies or to magnify their cause. Terrorist groups are the biggest threat to any civilian of any country. Here is the list of terrorist groups from the ones who are not very well known and whose terror attacks are not much recorded to the ones who terrorize the whole world and cause severe catastrophe. 10. Armed Islamic Group of Algeria (GIA) With an endeavor to overrule the Algerian government, this terrorist group was founded in July 1992 and became notorious in 1994, after hijacking the “Air France Flight 8969″. Since then it has conducted a deadly crusade of killing innocent civilians, bombarding public places, kidnapping and raping in its area of operation. This terrorist group asserts the ideology that “political pluralism is equivalent to sedition”. This creed was generated in 1992, after a controversial decision of Algeria’s...
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