...Islamic Jihad, who had organized several suicide bombings against Israelis, received fatal gunshot wounds by Mossad, the often mythical Israeli Intelligence (Luft, 2003, 2). These were not the first nor last targeted killings performed by the State of Israel yet are signatures of Israel's propensity and tenacity to not fall victim to terror attacks. The history of violence and threats inflicted by terror groups and nations against the state of Israel has lead to Israel's development of tenacious military and intelligence capabilities. Due to its geopolitical disadvantage, Israel must utilize aggressive and resilient tactics against terror groups, state, and non-state actors. Are targeted killings a necessary resort? Are other enforcement and intelligence strategies just as effective? Israel has propagated targeted killings as effective and credits this action with saving more lives of the innocent while reducing terrorist incidents. More lives than? Is the practice of targeted killing easily adopted when it benefits the public and state behind the killing? Are targeted killings a short-sighted campaign that will foster future agitation against Israel? In 1948, Israel was declared a state sparking loud not concession, conflict! Concession is something you give away to placate an opponent from Arab nations....
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...GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY International Relations Water Conflicts in the Middle East Submitted to: Dr. Aruna Kumar Malik Faculty (International Relations) Submitted by: Himanshu Sharma 10A048 (Sem – V) 1|Page GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY Acknowledgement I express my gratitude and sincere thanks to Mr. Aruna Kumar Malik, for his support throughout the making of this project. He has provided valuable guidance as and when required without which this project would not have been in this shape. I would like to thank Gujarat National Law University for giving us this opportunity to work on this project, especially the staff at the library for providing excellent research facilities. Lastly, I thank my friends for their support, for their help in the research and for critically going through the project and correcting the mistakes. 2|Page GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction…….………………………………………………………..4 Chapter 2: Causes of water Conflicts…………..………………………………….5 Chapter 3: Some Major Conflicts in the Middle East……………………………..6 Chapter 4: Remedial Measures…………..……………………………………….11 Chapter 5: Conclusion………………………………………………………..….....13 References..……………………………………………………………14 3|Page GUJARAT NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY I. Introduction The Middle-east is a region encompassing Western Asia and all or parts of North Africa, depending on the context in which the term is used. The history of the Middle-east dates far back...
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...the primary sources of conflicts in the post-cold war era are more dominant to the people’s cultural and religious identities. Civilization has three attributes which are the objective elements – language, history religion, customs, and institution; the subjective elements – variable levels of self-identification; and civilization itself is dynamic – they rise and fall, divide and merge. II. The Relation between the “Kin-Country” Theory by Samuel P. Huntington and The U.S. Attitudes Towards the Palestinian-Israeli Issues. Samuel P. Huntington also stated a theory about civilization rallying – or well-known as “Kin-Country Syndrome”. In his “Kin-Country...
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...were the causes of Israel-Palestine war? TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT AANALYSIS THE CAUSES OF ISRAEL/PALESTINE CONFLICT: THE FIRST INTIFADA 1987-93 DIVIDING THE MAP THE 1948 WAR ZIONISM 1967/OCCUPATION THE ARABS, TERRORISM & SECURITY: “NO SOLUTION” THE WALL/FENCE/BARRIER DELEGITIMIZING THE STATEHOOD DECLARATION BY PALESTINE THE IMPACT OF SCARCE WATER RESOURCES ON THE ARAB-ISRAEL CONFLICT CAMP DAVID FAILURE THE ISRAEL-PALESTINE CONFLICT IS CENTRAL TO THE MILITANTS’ CAUSE Abstract The notion of this research essay is to discuss the causes of the Israel-Palestine war. The first priority of the paper is to address the war in detail by describing the war. Another perspective that the essay will take in answering the causes of the Israel-Palestine war is to address the period of the war and how it emerged. The Israel-Palestine war is also denounced as the primary consequence that has formed the Israel-Arab war. The nature of the war is somehow a contagious form of war as it is fundamental in the creation of the upheaval of the Arab states conflict. The essay will also discuss the causes in the different sequence. This will be done by stating which cause took place before the following cause emerged. The principal ideology of the essay is to come to a founding cause that resulted to the war preceding other causes. Therefore the research paper will discuss the causes of the Israel conflict with the aim of establishing the causes that formed the Israel-Palestine war. ...
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...Introduction Most references are often made to the "Jewish lobby" with the purpose of describing Jewish political influence in the United States. This offers a shallow and an inadequate position. It is evident that Americans of Jewish descent are at times represented by lobbyists. However, such direct efforts to influence the policy making process are but a small part of the lobby’s ability to shape policy, (Bard, 2004). According to Teitelbaum, (2010), the American-Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) is a registered lobby being one of the organized groups that try to influence legislation. Other groups like B’nai B’rith and Hadassah do not engage in direct lobbying. However, they disseminate information while encouraging their members to become more involved in political processes. Most times they specifically attempt to lobby on specific issues though they have rarely influenced policy. The Israel lobby grew significantly in the 1980s, but controversy arose from opponents of the lobby and supporters. This was due to the proposed sale of the AWACS warning and command system in 1981 to Saudi Arabia, (Teitelbaum, 2010). This angered many Israeli supporters in the United States. The sale was intended to appease Arab nations in an attempt to promote stability...
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...1967 THE SIX DAY WAR - AIR CAMPAIGN INTRODUCTION 1. The 1967 Arab-Israel six day war was the 3rd major struggle faced by the Israel in order to maintain its existence since it became a state in 1948[1]. The war can be considered as one of the most perfect military operations in the modern period. Surprisingly in just six days, the Israel Defence Force (IDF) managed to defeat the armed forces of the three major Arab countries and conquered Sinai, The West Bank and The Golan Height. The victories gave Israel more security from attack and secured a dominant military position in the region[2]. The combination of three major (Air, Land and Maritime) strike planned by the Israel has resulted the victory for Israeli. Even though the war involved three main elements, this paper will just focus on the air campaign which can be considered as the main factor for the victory of Israel and the failure for the Arabs’ allies. 2. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general brief on the background of the war and will focus more on the air campaign as the decisive factor that lead to the Israel victory. The flow of this paper will start with the genesis of the war which will provide the background of the six days war followed by the comparison of the Order of Battle (ORBAT). The comparison of ORBAT will give the summary of the assets involved and destroyed in the war and its effects on the outcome of the war. Series of the event from the first day of war until...
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...to say that there are many contributing factors to the uprising Middle Eastern conflicts. Included is poor leadership, mismanagement of available natural resources and unlawful occupations which is becoming one of the predominant causes of the conflict in this region most especially in respect to that between the Palestinians and the Israelis. Usually, conflict in the said region is as a result of the differences in the region or even terrorism. It is however becoming more apparent that the existing tension between the Palestinians and the Israelis is caused by the unfair distribution of natural resources, land being the main one. Never ending peace talks and planned establishment of well drawn out boundaries in particular is becoming a crucial aspect in the tension and the most probable future in the resolution of the conflict. The Israeli’s encroachment into the Palestinian land is not a recent phenomenon and has resulted in scarcity of resources for the Palestinians. This inequality is created and controlled by Israel as a way of achieving security when in real sense it is creating widespread anger to the nation and its policies. The quest for justice for both nations has been a long one which has essentially positioned them in risks for war and further conflict. Abstract1 Table of Contents 1: Introduction2 1.1 Rationale2 2: Was the peace process designed to fail?2 2.1 Methodology2 3: Research review3 3.1 Human security3 3.2 Resource scarcity3 4: Conclusion3 Chapter...
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...For the past several decades the centerpiece of the United States (US) Middle Eastern policy has been its relationship with Israel. The combination of unwavering support for Israel and the related effort to spread ‘democracy’ throughout the region has inflamed Arab and Islamic opinion and jeopardized not only US security but that of much of the rest of the world. This situation is unparalleled in American political history. Throughout this paper we will explore some reasons why the United States has been willing to set aside its own security and that of many of its allies in order to advance the interests of another state. One might assume that the bond between the two countries was based on shared strategic and interests, or compelling moral imperatives, but neither explanation can account for the remarkable level of economic, military, and diplomatic support that the United States provides to the State of Israel. We’ll also explore how the United States’ strategic military operations in support of Israel, is in America’s national interest. The United States is now the world's only superpower; if it does not exert international leadership, what country will? No other state’s military has the will or the capability to take on such threats as those emanating from rogue states like Iraq, Iran, or North Korea; nor can any other deal with issues such as the spread of weapons of mass destruction, international terrorism, radical Islam, or international narcotics trafficking....
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...Running head: POLYGAMY Polygamy: The impact on Arab families in Israel Laura Kline Pennsylvania State University-York Dr. Darling HDFS 315Y Abstract Polygamy is a common form of marriage for Bedouin-Arabs in Israel. The unique structure of this form of marriage can create problems for wives and children. It can benefit the family members as well. There are multiple factors that can influence whether being in a polygamous family is advantageous or detrimental to those family members. The reasons behind polygamous marriage are examined as well. The marriage practice known as polygamy is viewed many different ways in different societies. In societies such as our own, polygamy is seen as a taboo that is not widely understood or accepted. In fact, in the United States polygamy is not legal and polygamous marriages are not recognized. Polygamy is a general term that refers to the two types of polygamous marriages. Polygyny refers to the marriage of one man to two or more women, which is the type of polygamous marriage this paper will cover. Polyandry refers to a rare type of marriage in which one woman marries two or more men. Some other societies view polygamy as an acceptable and sometimes necessary form of marriage. One of these societies is the Bedouin-Arabs in Israel, where polygamous marriages are common. These polygamous families are Muslim. The Islamic faith encourages men to have two or more wives if they can sufficiently support them (Al-Krenawi...
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...ISRAELI AND PALESTINIAN CONFLICT SEMESTER TWO WEEK 13 DUE DATE: 30TH, SEPTEMBER, 2014 UNIT LECTURER: MR GORDAN KUIAS STUDENT NAME: PUP JOSIAH YEAR LEVEL: TWO (2) MARKS: /30 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction1 General description about this conflict2 Historical background of the conflict3 The actors involved in the conflict with their reasons………………………………………………………………………. Findings on politics, social and economy and religious impact of this conflict4 General Evaluations of the conflict5 Conclusion6 References…………………….................................................................................…………………………………………….7 Introduction In this course Fundamentalism and Global Politics, I learnt divergent world religions and world politics. They are categorized into main subtopics; comparative politics of third world, Governance networks in public, International politics, Global classifications and Theories of politics. Hence, Politics are the activities associated with governance of a country or area and fundamentalism a form of Protestant Christianity which upholds belief in the strict in literal interpretation of the bible. As such, we were given the topic on conflict between the Israeli-Palestinian to base our investigations. Conflict has been commonly codified as “man against self”, “man against man” and “man against nature and in this case, state against the state and this is the ongoing dispute between the State of Israel and the Palestinians. Generally, this conflict is very complex and...
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...Israel is a interesting country with a very rich history and cultural background. What makes Israel even more amazing is what it has had to endure during its relatively short existence. The modern State of Israel has only existed for approximately 67 years yet those 6 decades are defined by constant warfare and conflict with neighboring countries. This constant state of conflict has far reaching implications on the culture of Israel. Another aspect of Israel that contributes to its culture, is the large immigrant population that it contains. Many Israelis are Jewish immigrants who returned to their homeland to avoid persecution or to strive for a better life. Israel's history of conflict along with its high immigrant population both contribute greatly to how parents raise their children in the country. This paper will present and discuss several studies which help to demonstrate how Israel's unique culture, specifically considering its ongoing state of conflict and high immigrant population, contribute to the parenting practices and beliefs that are found in the country. Israeli values play a large role in the thought process behind how children are raised in the country. Miri Scharf (Seline, 2014) discusses how Israeli parenting practices are a combination of both collectivistic and western individualistic approaches. Traditional collectivist values include having sensitivity to others, obedience, and feeling of obligation. Individualistic values stress the importance of self-reliance...
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...The Palestinian Liberation Front NAME SCHOOL Author Note SCHOOL WITH ADDRESS Contact: EMAIL AbstractThe following paper is focused on critically disseminating the history of the Palestinian Liberation Front (PLF). From its beginning, to its leadership as from its past to its current state. Additionally in this paper, the movement’s use of tactics, techniques and procedures (TTP’S) as well as shining light on its main patrons active in its day to day activities will be analyzed. This comprehensive documentation will also define the circumstances surrounding the movement and how it touches on the PLF and how HUMINT will function in contrast to organization in question under these functioning factors: Political, Military, Economy, Social, Information, Infrastructure, Physical environment and Time. Moreover, this research sprouted from a number of online journals, websites and books published that express their standpoint and involvement based opinions on the PLF. At the very end of this paper you will have a clear comprehension into how the PLF was formed as a supplementary of the Palestinian Liberation Organization PLO, how it dictated and directed politics in their region and how HUMINT would respond in terms of operations to the effects of those underlying factors. The Palestinian Liberation FrontThe actuality of the Palestinian Liberation Front cannot be vehemently depicted in history without including the past activities of the Palestinian Liberation Organization...
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...fatal in the sense of reprisals accustomed to it. In any case, international criminal activities are largely based geopolitical factors rather than the genuine purpose of ending human to human barbarism. This paper will attempt to prove that ‘global community’ commitment to end genocide events is categorically challenged by lack of sufficient devotion to ‘the pledge’ to eradicate the vice. The paper is structured into three main parts and one secondary part. The background will attempt to examine the scholarly effort attempting to relate the basis of global community pledge and the general act of genocide. A further sub category of this part will introduce the role played by United Nations in minimizing genocide. The second section will be substantial in analyzing past genocide events; courtesy of three relevant examples, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Rwanda. In this section, the document will examine the various roles played by United Nations in fueling the genocide. The third section will examine 21 century events, and how United Nations has chosen a back player in preventing the occurrences of these genocides. The secondary section will attempt to examine the role played by International Criminal Court and how it has been challenged in limiting genocide events. Background Research has attempted relate the end of the holocaust and the emergence of non-allied political movements and arms race to contemporary genocide. Besides, a close consideration of this discussion is the commencement...
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...Lebanon The Israel Hamas Hezbollah Conflict The United States and the Israel-Hezbollah War Prof. Jeremy Pressman Although American soldiers were not involved in the fighting in Lebanon and Israel this past summer, the United States was nonetheless a central player in the war. U.S. policy was defined by staunch American support for Israel and repeated calls by U.S. officials to use the crisis as a means to get at the root causes of violence in the region. What were the American objectives in this war? Does a preliminary assessment suggest that Washington took steps toward achieving them? How does U.S. policy on the Arab-Israeli conflict look moving forward? American Objectives in the Israel-Hezbollah War Two global foreign policy commitments informed the United States view of the Israel-Hezbollah confrontation this past summer; the war on terror and the democratization of the Middle East. Since September 11, 2001, the American war on terror has been defined to include several different international actors. In his speech of September 20, 2001, President George W. Bush stated that the war would “not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated,” and that “any nation that continues to harbor or support terrorism will be regarded by the United States as a hostile regime.” In addition, he warned, terrorists could not be accommodated but instead must be met by force. This approach has most directly been applied to al-Qaeda and its satellites...
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...Schmerz, Ayela Ziv May 2008 Table of Contents 1. Introduction and Research Methodology Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3 Research Questions………………………………………………………..……4 Methodology………………………………………………………………..…..5 2. A Definition of Cultural Diplomacy and its Benefits Cultural Diplomacy: A Definition……………………………………….…….7 Benefits of Cultural Diplomacy – In General and Specifically for Israel……………………………………..8 Can the Benefits of Cultural Diplomacy be Measured?.................................................................................17 Examples of the Positive Effects of Cultural Diplomacy Programs…………………………………………18 French-German Relations: A Case Study of Successful Cultural Diplomacy………………………………21 3. Appreciation for Cultural Diplomacy in the United States and Europe The United States of America…………………………………………..……..25 Europe……………………………………………………………………..…..28 4. Cultural Development in Israel Israeli Culture……………………………………………………………….…31 Organizations in Israel Promoting Culture……………………………....……34 Governmental Support of the Promotion of Culture………………………….35 5. The Israeli Government’s Attitude Toward Cultural Diplomacy Does the Israeli Government Value Cultural 1 Diplomacy?................................................................................36 Reasons for the Inferior Status of Cultural Diplomacy In Israel……………………………………………………..…42 A History of Cultural Diplomacy in Israel…………………………………….45 6. Cultural Diplomacy as a Means to Promote Israel’s...
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