...How far can the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 be considered the key turning point in the development of China in the years 1900-2000? During the years 1900-2000 there were many turning points in China's history. We saw such things as The fall of the Qing Dynasty and imperialism February 1912, The warlord era 1915, The rise of the nationalists 1928, The formation of the PRC in 1949, The Korean and Vietnam wars 1950 and 1964, Nixon's visit in 1972 and Deng Xiaoping's Third Plenum. The key Turing point in China's history would have to be the rise of Deng Xiaoping in 1976. The reason behind this is by looking at social political, economic and international development Deng achieved greater positive development over the 4 topics and few limitations in comparison to the other turning points. The fall of imperialism and the Qing dynasty in 1912 lead to some major development in China.in china at the time there was a huge social divide. This was most notable in the rural regions where in some communities some people were consuming up to 4000 calories per day, while others were only consuming 1400. Likewise socially development in china was far behind the rest of the world. At the time China had a literacy rate of only 3.6% while Japan had a rate of 26.3% however, during the Qing dynasty economically they were prospering and catching up with the rest of Asia. This was best shown by jack Gary’s Rebellions and revolutions where he puts a more positive spin...
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...hardship, and the Chinese economy is set to surpass the U.S.’s before the end of this decade, China looms very large on the horizon. A U.S. intelligence report stated that China's economy is likely to surpass the U.S. in less than two decades while Asia will overtake North America and Europe combined in global power by 2030. Modern China’s rise to world economic power, like its predecessor from 1100 to 1800, is based on its enormous productive capacity. China’s rush to economic development is beautifully depicted in the documentary, “Last Train Home.” Trade and investment was governed by a policy of strict noninterference in the internal relations of its trading partners. Unlike the U.S., China did not initiate brutal wars for oil; instead it signed lucrative contracts. Also, China does not fight wars in the interest of overseas Chinese, as the U.S. has done in the Middle East for Israel. China’s sustained growth in its manufacturing sector was a result of highly concentrated public investments, high profits, technological innovations, and a protected domestic market. While foreign capital profited, it was always within the framework of the Chinese state’s priorities and regulations. The regime’s dynamic export strategy led to huge trade surpluses, which eventually made China one of the world’s largest creditors, especially for U.S. debt. In order to maintain its dynamic industries, China has acquired huge inflows of raw materials, resulting in large scale overseas investments...
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...CHINA • Official name: People’s Republic of China • Capital: Beijing • Currency: Renminbi • Population: 1.35 billion • Government: Communist • Language: Mandarin HISTORY • Third largest country in the world in terms of area and population • Official Name: People’s Republic of China (Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo) • Republic was established in 1949 • The name CHINA is probably derived from the Qin (Ch’in) dynasty (206-221 BC) which first unified the nation • Chinese used the name Zhonggua (Chung-kuo) which means middle country with their belief that China is in the middle of the world • China is divided into 23 provinces and 5 autonomous regions • China’s written history began during the Shang Dynasty • In 1921. the long civil war between the ruling nationalists or Kuomintang, led by the Chiang Kaishek, and the communists led by Mao Zedong (Mao Tse –Tung) RELEVANT FACTS • One in every five people in the world is Chinese. China’s population is estimated to reach a whopping 1,338,612,968 by July 2009. China’s population is four times that of the United States. • Red symbolizes happiness for the Chinese and is commonly used at Chinese festivals and other happy occasions such as birthdays and weddings • China’s “one child” policy has contributed to female infanticide and has created a significant gender imbalance. There are currently 32 million more boys than girls in China. In the future, tens of millions of men will be unable to find wives, prompting...
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...Lawrance, Alan. China Under Communism. London: Routledge, 1998. Internet resource. This text examines how Marxism took root, flourished and developed within the context of an ancient Chinese civilization. Through analysis of China's history and traditional culture, the author explores the nature of Chinese Communism and how it has diverged from the Soviet model. This book also provides insight into the changing perceptions Westerners have of the Chinese, and vice versa. Features include: assessment of controversial issues - The Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution and Mao's record; coverage of gender and family, ethnicity, nationalism, and popular culture; and the long historical context. This evaluation details how China's political and economic policies have been inextricably linked, and assesses past failures and successes, as well as major problems for the future. White, Stephen. Communism and Its Collapse. London: Routledge, 2001. Internet resource. Ranging from the Russian revolution of 1917 to the collapse of Eastern Europe in the 1980s this study examines Communist rule. By focusing primarily on the USSR and Eastern Europe Stephen White covers the major topics and issues affecting these countries, including: * communism as a doctrine * the evolution of Communist rule * the challenges to Soviet authority in Hungary and Yugoslavia * the emerging economic fragility of the 1960s * the complex process of collapse in the 1980s. Huibing, Zhao, and Zhu Jiangnan. "Social...
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...Curt Palmer Concepts: Chinese companies have invested $280 million and created more than 1,200 jobs in South Carolina alone. Today some 33 American states, ports, and municipalities have sent representatives like Ling to China to lure jobs once lost to China back to the U.S.: Besides affordable land and reliable power, states and cities are offering tax credits and other incentives to woo Chinese manufacturers. Beijing, meanwhile, which has mandated that Chinese companies globalize by expanding to key markets around the world, is chipping in by offering to finance up to 30% of the initial investment costs, according to Chinese business sources. They like the strategic location of our region, the convenient access to materials coming in mostly scrap metal and pig iron and the ability to export to North and South America through the port of Corpus Christi," he says. There are other incentives. On April 9 the U.S. Commerce Department imposed import duties of up to 99% on the type of seamless pipe that is to be manufactured by Tianjin Pipe a reprisal prompted by the United Steelworkers union. The Chinese company, the world's largest maker of steel pipe, had said it could not afford to export to the U.S. if tariffs were over 20%. Now its pipe will be made in America. "It's just another reason they have to have a U.S.-based production facility," says Johnston. Even without tariffs, Tianjin had been looking to expand as are many Chinese companies once they reach about $100 million...
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...Reasons why China is unique: 1. Population: The population of China is 1,321,290,000 and it is the most populated country in planet earth followed by India. 2. Due to this high population the People’s Republic of China is the only country that has introduced the one child policy to control the high amount of births. The policy allows many exceptions: rural families can have a second child if the first child is a girl or is disabled, and ethnic minorities are exempt. 3. China is the great economic success story of the past decade 4. Adapting to its rise will pose a challenge to the political, economic and even moral bases of the current international order. It will have an impact on the security architecture of Asia and the Far East, the so called China Effect. 5. Chinese growth is built on a unique but unsustainable model- impossible high levels of export growth largely driven by assembling half- completed imported goods, state driven capital accumulation and cheap labor with very low productivity, little technical innovation and the absence of an appropriate business culture or legal structure. 6. World’s largest exporter: China's exports rose at an annual rate of 7.9% in 2013, while imports grew 7.3%. 7. In 2012 83 million mainland Chinese spent $102 billion abroad overtaking Americans and Germans -making them the world’s biggest tourism spenders according to UN World Tourism Organization. Reasons why China is unusual: 1. Despite a phenomenal expansion...
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...------------------------------------------------- Generations of Chinese leadership From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia People's Republic of China | | This article is part of the series: Politics and government of China | Ideology[show] | Constitution[show] | Communist Party[show] | Legislature[show] | Executive[show] | United Front[show] | Military[show] | Judiciary[show] | Propaganda[show] | Law[show] | Other issues[show] | * Other countries * Atlas Politics portal | * v * t * e | | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) | Generations of Chinese leadership | Simplified Chinese | 中国共产党领导集体 | Traditional Chinese | 中國共産黨領導集體 | Literal meaning | Leadership collectives of the Communist Party of China | [show]Transcriptions | | Because both the Communist Party of China and the People's Liberation Army promote according to seniority, it is possible to discern distinctgenerations of Chinese leadership.[1] In official discourse, each group of leadership is identified with a distinct extension of the ideology of the party. Historians have studied various periods in the development of the government of the People's Republic of China by reference to these "generations". Contents [hide] * 1 Terminology * 2 First generation * 3 Second generation * 4 Third...
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...BUSINESS ETIQUETTES Making appointments : Being late for an appointment is considered a serious insult in Chinese business culture. The East Asia & Pacific office of the U.S. Department of Commerce can help you in arranging appointments with local Chinese business and government officials, and can identify the contacts you will have to establish to achieve your objectives. The services of a host of a reputable Public Relations firm is recommended for detailed work involving meeting and negotiating with senior Chinese officials or even pinpointing whom you should meet for your purposes. The best times for scheduling appointments are April to June and September to October. Business and government hours are 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday through Saturday. There is, however, a five-day work week in larger cities. Do avoid plans to visit government offices on Friday afternoon, because this is sometimes reserved for 'political studying' of the officials. Store hours are 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., daily. Most stores in Shanghai, however, remain open until 10:00 p.m. Most Chinese workers take a break between 12:00 p.m.- 2:00 p.m. Practically everything "shuts down" during this period, including elevator and phone services. When scheduling your appointments, be sensitive to holidays such as Chinese New Year. During May Day, or the National Day, many businesses will be closed for up to a week during this period. The date of this occasion varies from year to year due...
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...CHINA: Economic Analysis TOWS of China: China Threats: • Strikes Against Multinational Companies • Allegations of Currency Manipulation • Aging population China Opportunities: • Consumption Boom in China • Instant Translation of Web Pages • Enforcement of intellectual property rights China Weaknesses: • Population • Weakness of economy • Academic and Scientific Misconduct in China • Regulation of gas prices • Corruption in developing country • Country is creating political risk • Air pollution China Strengths: • Stable infrastructure • Chinese influence in Africa • Natural resources • Polluted water supply INTRODUCTION Although there are many points outlined within the TOWS. There are only several, which are most apparent, and significant that will be discussed. A few competitive advantages a Multinational Corporation will benefit from would be some of China’s strengths, which are; infrastructure and telecommunication, and it’s influence on Africa. Some issues a Multinational Corporation may run into would be among the labor force. There are many solutions that China is already headed toward in response to the main issue of human labor. Most of which will benefit a potential Multinational Corporation and China’s economy. COMPETITIVE...
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...2. Dealing with China: An Insider Unmasks the New Economic Superpower As President George W.Bush’s Treasury secretary from July 2006 through January 2009, Henry Paulson was the president’s leading policy adviser on both domestic and international issues. He is well know to the world at the time of the financial crisis in US. Henry Paulson has made over 100 trips to China and developed intimate relationships with China’s political elite, including Presidents Hu Jintao and Xi Jinging as well as its banking giants, most notably the industrial and Commercial Bank of China’s chairman Jiang Jianqing. Therefore, he has a depth knowledge about China’s economy and still been watching China’s emerging economy until now. In his new book, he describes China’s recent rise to global supremacy and the challenges that lie ahead. He also points out that China is American’s most important economic partner and that how to corporate intelligently to make both nations benefit in the future. In the United States, banks and capital markets are more stable and better capitalized than they were in the financial crisis 2008. As changing in government regulators and American banking system, US still the largest and richest economy, with a normal GDP more than twice the size of China. But according to Paulson, he warns “It’s not a question of it, but when, China’s financial system, particularly the trust companies, will face a reckoning and have to content with a wave of credit losses and debt restructuring”...
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...China (traditional Chinese: 中國; simplified Chinese: 中国) is a cultural region, an ancient civilization, and a nation in East Asia. The last Chinese Civil War has resulted in two nations: The People's Republic of China (PRC), commonly known as China, has control over mainland China and the largely self-governing territories of Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999). The Republic of China (ROC), commonly known as Taiwan, has control over the islands of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu. China has one of the world's oldest civilizations and has the oldest continuous civilization.[1] It has archaeological evidence over 5,000 years old. It also has one of the world's oldest writing systems, and is viewed as the source of many major inventions. The first recorded use of the word "China" is dated 1555.[nb 1][3] It is derived from Cin, a Persian name for China popularized in Europe by Marco Polo. History of China Ancient China was one of the first civilizations. Chinese civilization was also one of the few to invent writing,[2] the others being Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley civilization, the Maya civilization, the Minoan civilization of ancient Greece, and Ancient Egypt.[5] It reached its golden age during the Tang Dynasty (about A.D. 10th century). China is home to some of the oldest artwork in the world. Statues and pottery, as well as decorations made of jade, are some classic examples. China's economy and military weakened during the Qing Dynasty (around the 17th...
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...A study on China and the World Economy of Today: A look at the impact of China’s Global economic integration and Prices. Chapter one: Introduction 1.1 Introduction Since 1978, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) government has stood out in restructuring its economy from a Soviet-style centrally planned economy towards a market-oriented economy nonetheless within the political framework, provided by the Communist Party of China. This system has been called "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and is one type of mixed economy. “These reforms started since 1978 has helped lift millions of people out of poverty, bringing the poverty rate down from 53% of population in 1981 to 8% by 2001” (OECD 2002a). Over the preceding decades, the existence of China in the world’s economy is full-fledged. Laterally, China is properly or erroneously seen to have a massive impact on the world’s economy. In today’s trade market, China is at present generally regarded to be the world’s workspace, there-by relocating some traditional exporters of labor-intensive goods, irrespective of the fact that its economy is constantly woven into the fabric of progressive split chain of making (Menzie D.2009). The emergence of China as an industrial and export livewire is undoubtedly one of the most significant forces reshaping the present-day world economy. Barry E and Hui T in 2005 stated that “A now standard way of conveying this point is to observe that the increase in employment...
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... China’s economy China is no longer command economy. Well, actually, they are not a command economy that you are thinking of. They are still socially controlling, but economically free to a certain extent. The biggest changes that they had in 1990’s are that they have released majority of sectors to enterprises. They no longer own those sectors, but they regulate them heavily. In a way, we regulate heavily as well. However, the biggest difference is that their government actually goes out there to secure resources to allow their domestic enterprises to grow and to create demand from oversea investors. They still exist to a large extent as collective farms or what have you most have reverted to peasant collectives etc. Not very profitable, or efficient , but numerous enough to say that it will be China's undoing, if they don't regulate and foster good farming among the subsistence farming, bad practices could lead to massive starvation as the farms suffer from poor water use, erosion etc. What happened under Mao, he argues that China became a market based economy by the end of the 90’s and before joining the World Trade Organization (Ronald Coase and Ning Wang). He let capitalism alone and what had been the black market flourished into a rather pure form of capitalism. It's also important to understand that they started out with an incredibly small capitalist marketplace, in some of the East Coast cities of China. In the late 1970's the GDP of China was equivalent to that...
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...How did Deng’s policies lead to a phenomenal growth of the Chinese economy? China began the 20th century with a serious effort to modernize its economy and ended the century with a successful economic modernization. Since the early 1980s, China ranks among the world’s fastest growing economies. Using standards of measurement of the gross domestic product (GDP) based on purchasing power parity, the IMF ranks China’s economy a close third, after only the United States and Russia (Soled, 1993). In 1978, Deng Xiaoping took over the control of the communist party and abandoned the Maoist economic model. Deng Xiaoping is widely regarded as one of the most undisputed leader of all times. He initiated the transformation of the planned economy towards more market-oriented economy and decided to open China up to free market economic reforms and Western style capitalism (Chow, 2001). These reforms were a reversal of the Maoist policy of economic self-reliance. Successful economic development in other parts of Asia including Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore and South Korea, known as the four Tigers, demonstrated to the Chinese government officials and the Chinese people that a market economy works better than a planned economy (Soled, 1993). Deng realized that China needed Western technology and investment, and opened the door to foreign businesses who wanted to set up in China (Chow, 2001). China decided to accelerate the modernization process by stepping up the volume of foreign trade...
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...Leonard Bilal Blacklock AC0325687 World Civilizations I (HS150) Lesson 6 Assignment 6 03/04/2015 Sui Dynasty (589 – 618 CE) was a short lived Imperial Chinese dynasty, preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties. It unified China for the first time after nearly four centuries of north-south division. It was followed by the Tang Dynasty. Founded by Emperor Wen of Sui, the capital was Chang’an. His reign saw the reunification of Southern and Northern China and the construction of the Grand Canal, connecting the Yellow and Yangtze River for easy trading. The canal was used to carry rice and other agricultural products. Wendi was the first emperor to build a centralized government, created legal codes (social security); Buddhism was also spread and encouraged throughout the empire, uniting varied peoples and cultures of China.(Refer to pages 277; Wikipedia,2015). The Sui dynasty which reunified China after nearly four centuries of political fragmentation during which the north and south had developed in different ways, played a part far more important than its short span would suggest. In the same way that the Qin rulers of the 3rd century BC had unified China after the Zhanguo (Warring States) period, so the Sui brought China together again and set up many institutions that were to be adopted by their successors, the Tang. Like the Qin, however, the Sui overstrained their resources and fell. And also as in the case of the Qin, traditional history has judged the...
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