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Introduction to UNIX and Linux
UNIX was developed at Bell Laboratories by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie in 1969 and it was created on a minicomputer called the PDP-7. (Muse) Computer aided design, manufacturing control systems, laboratory simulations, even the Internet its self, all began life with and because of UNIX systems. (unix.org) The reason for building UNIX was to create a simple interactive operating system, called “Multics” (Multiplexed Information and Computing System). (Kioskea.net) UNIX went through growing pains through the years, but in 1991, Linus Torvalds, commenced Linux development and the distro Solaris 1.0 debuts. (unix.org) Torvalds writes “Sadly, a kernel” (which is what Linux is and has always been) “by itself gets you nowhere. To get a working system you need a shell, compliers, a library, etc.” (Moody, pg 44) “Linus Torvalds had a kernel but no programs of his own, Richard Stallman and GNU had programs but no working kernel.” (linux.org) GNU is a recursive acronym that means GNU is Not Unix.
UNIX/Linux can literally be used anywhere. While completing my AAS, my final project was to build a Samba server, which I needed a Linux distro to make happen, and I went with Ubuntu. Samba is the standard Windows interoperability suite of programs for Linux and UNIX. (Samba.org) Basically, Samba makes file transfer between a Linux/Unix server, and a Windows server, seamless. To Windows, Samba looks just like another Windows server so it allowes easy file transfer between the two. Using Linux to build a Samba server can save a company a lot of money because they will spend less on the Windows server fees. Theoretically, a company can just buy one Windows Server, and run any of their other servers they need via Linux and Samba. Linux operating systems are very versatile. Because they are open source, many people have tinkered with them and have made several distros, like Ubuntu, Susie, and Fedora. All of which are very easy to use, and a user that is used to a Windows operating system, can pick up on the basics fairly quickly. A business can run their entire company through a Linux network very easily and very cost effectively with minimal transition.

References: 1. http://www.unix.org/what_is_unix/history_timeline.html 2. http://en.kioskea.net/contents/708-introduction-to-unix-systems 3. http://www.samba.org/samba/ 4. https://campus.ctuonline.edu/courses/CS126/p1/hub1/30287.pdf (Muse, Overview of UNIX) 5. http://books.google.com/books?id=CUcbyVTztecC&pg=PA44&dq=Sadly,+a+kernel+by+itself+gets+you+nowhere.+To+get+a+working+system+you+need+a+shell,+compilers,+a+library+etc.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6CPLUtOqAoLksASa34KYDQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Sadly%2C%20a%20kernel%20by%20itself%20gets%20you%20nowhere.%20To%20get%20a%20working%20system%20you%20need%20a%20shell%2C%20compilers%2C%20a%20library%20etc.&f=false rebel code inside linux and the open source revolution Glyn Moody pg 44 6. http://www.linux.org/threads/what-is-linux.4076/

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