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Jackie Robinson

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Submitted By deandrae
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Sonia Grover’s article primarily concerns female genital mutilations. The article begins by discussing society’s changing attitude towards male circumcision in recent years. She explains that in Australia male circumcisions have been declining since the 1950’s. Glover notes that currently only 10% of Australia’s males undergo circumcision and then explains how this decline in male circumcisions is a general trend around the world. The author believes the decline in male circumcision is due to the community recognizing that there are many health risks associated with the procedure and no health advantages, although some still undergo the procedure for cultural and religious reasons.
Glover continues by explaining that the slow change in attitudes towards male circumcision in Australia is also likely to occur for female genital mutilation (FGM) around the world. She uses the World Health Organization’s definition of FGM as “all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons” (p 614). Many adult women who have undergone FGM prefer for it to be called female genital cutting or female circumcision (FGC) out of respect for their culture and traditions. The author notes that between 130–140 million women and girls have undergone FGC procedures. These procedures range from minor, such as cutting of the clitoris, to severe, such as joining the labia majora or completely removing the clitoris. Ouch!
The article continues with information concerning the health implications of FGM, including haemorrhage, infection and death. Additionally, many women who have undergone FGM experienced Dyspareunia (pain during intercourse), however some reports suggest FGM may not affect sexual function or satisfaction. Because of the health concerns of FGM, the author notes that legislation has been introduced in many countries to prevent such procedures.
Glover concludes by asking the reader if society is being consistent with its fight against FGM. She explains that while many preventative measures are being considered and put into action to end FGM, that cosmetic genital surgery is becoming increasingly popular. Many Australian women are having their genital pierced in the labia minora or clitoral hood, as well as labioplasties. To have a consistent and fair stance against FGM, the author suggests commending cosmetic genital surgery and piercings as well.
I agree with the author’s stance against FGM. I have a friend who has experienced FGM when she was younger. She is very insecure with the appearance of her vagina and has to consistently remind herself that it’s beautiful to create a sense of vagina hubris. However, she understands and appreciates the cultural significates of FGM and therefore she is constantly locked in an internal battle about the impact FGM has had on her life. She said that she will not be continue the tradition of FGM in her family. My friend’s stance, someone who personally experienced FGM, has shaped my stance. Against it. In my opinion, FGM health effects as well as the physiological impact it could have on the person’s life far outweighs the benefits.
I disagree with Grover’s suggestion for women to end cosmetic genital surgery to be consistent with the fight to stop FGM because I don’t see the issues as directly related. I find that she overlooks the difference between elective and forced surgery, for example she writes “[we are being] inconsistent when we are not taking any action against the providers of labioplasties and piercings”(p 615). It’s not inconsistent because the role of consent differentiates the two procedures; women elect to have cosmetic surgery but do not always volunteer to participate in their cultural genital cutting.

In conclusion, Grover makes a very good point that there needs to be an end to FGM, but I think she should reconsider her stance against cosmetic genital surgery which doesn’t not directly relate.
References
Grover, S. (2009). Female genital mutilation. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 45, 614-
615.

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