...James Watt was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist whose Watt steam engine, an improvement of the Newcomen steam engine, was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world. While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and re-heating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. Eventually he adapted his engine to produce...
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...James Watt: Perfecter of the Steam Engine The world we live in today is is fast paced, competitive, and ever evolving. Being accustomed to such a rapidly changing and highly inventive society can make it very difficult to imagine the way people lived centuries ago. Before the Industrial Revolution, most everything was done by hand, required a great deal of time and effort, and was terribly expensive. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, intuitive thinkers would invent and perfect machines, tools, and devices, forever changing the ways of the world. In the following paragraphs, James Watt and his steam engine will be discussed in detail, along with their enormous influence in modernizing the world's industries, trade, transportation, and economy. James Watt was born in Scotland in 1736, and died in 1819. His life spanned many of the years in the most dynamic period in the history of the world. Watt also lived in the United Kingdom, which, at the time, was the most rapidly evolving country on earth. Contrary to popular belief, James Watt did not invent the steam engine. In The Scientific Monthly, authors accurately portray Watt as, "a scientist rather than inventor" (Ambrosius and Reed 272). People had been using steam for power several centuries before Watt's time, but "English military engineer and inventor, Thomas Savery, [was] the first to create a specific device to harness and channel the power of steam" (Ambrosius and Reed 272). It was Savery who...
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...The Industrial Revolution and its Impact The Industrial Revolution has been viewed as one of the most influential events to occur in the history of modern society. The invention of new machinery items reduced manual labor. Tasks were performed more efficiently causing increased output of products or work performed in less time. The impact of the Industrial Revolution on the world was that it catapulted the world economy into an almost frenzy like state in which people had access to a much wider variety of goods and services offered to them by businesses. The impact that this event had on the worker’s life was not necessarily a good or bad thing, however. With the advent of new, more efficient technology, workers were able to more easily accomplish certain tasks that would have taken them a much longer time to complete before the Industrial Revolution, however there were some serious negative side effects of such a quick influx of technology. With such new practices and ideas put into the workplace, many workers were expected to be as efficient as the new ways of producing a product or service, and as a result, their health and safety were often overlooked. The Industrial Revolution has had lasting effects on the entire population in almost every facet of our lives, as both consumers and workers, and will always be remembered as one of the driving forces behind the way in which the modern economies of the world have been achieved by developed nations. Life would be completely...
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...James Watt was born in 1736 in Greenock, Scotland. James was a thin, weakly child who suffered from migraines and toothaches. He enjoyed math and also learned carpentry from his father. His father was a carpenter by training, and built anything from furniture to ships, but primarily worked in shipbuilding. Watt learned about the navigational aids on ships such as quadrants, compasses, telescopes. By his mid teens he knew he wanted to become an instrument maker. In 1754 Watt went to Glasgo. Robert Dick, a University scientist, was impressed with Watt's basic skills at instrument making, but recognized the need for special training. Dick encouraged Watt to go to London for training. Watt spent two weeks in London looking for an apprenticeship opportunity....
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...Firing Line from 1966 to 1999 and wrote over 50 books. Buckley came to the defense of James G. Watt, the Secretary of the Interior of President Ronald Reagan, after he stated that an advisory body set up by him included a “black, two women, two Jews and a cripple.” Watt was accused of “a panorama of bigotry and hate” by Senator Lowell Welcker and his controversial statement resulted in termination as interior secretary. In Buckley’s “Watt’s tongue works faster than his mind”, he gracefully comes to the defense of Watt and raises several compelling arguments defending Watt’s appalling choice of words. Buckley opens his defense by pointing out that there is no evidence revealing that Watt is anti-black, anti-women, anti-Semitic or anti-handicapped. Undoubtedly, Watt’s choice of words was distasteful. However, Buckley explains some background information that provides some insight as to why Watt said what he said. Buckley explains that in 19th century politics it became increasingly important to associate with different ethnic voting blocs known as a “balanced ticket.” In 20th century politics, the balanced ticket extended to both Jewish and black political associates as well. Later in the century, homosexuals and the handicapped requested direct representation so that a balanced ticket would include Americans of Italian, Irish, Jewish and black ancestry, a homosexual and a handicapped. Although Watt did the right thing by including a black, two women, two Jews and a handicapped in...
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...The feasibility study is an evaluation and analysis of the potential of a proposed project which is based on extensive investigation and research to support the process of decision making. Feasibility studies aim to objectively and rationally uncover the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business or proposed venture, opportunities and threats present in the environment, the resources required to carry through, and ultimately the prospects for success. In its simplest terms, the two criteria to judge feasibility are cost required and value to be attained. The feasibility study must contain several key elements, namely: The idea of the project: The nature of the project is determined in this step, whether (industrial – services – trade etc.). A simplified concept of the project is given and the environment it is intended for. The need for the project: In this item the most important reasons for initiating this project. This item should be supported with statistics such as the number of similar projects in the area. Basic raw materials for the project: There should be mention of the basic raw materials needed for the project, and where can it be purchased from. Products: The products or services made or provided by the project must be mentioned. Technical elements of the project: This should include several elements: Stages of Manufacture: A detailed explanation of how the manufacture of any product will be done. Taking into account the balance of raw materials...
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...Variable | Range of Values Found | Values selected for project | Speed of Bullet | 1055-3054 Feet Per Second** | 3054 feet per second | Power of locomotive | 3000-6000horse power | 6000 horse power | Height of a very tall building | 859-2716ft | 2716 feet | Chose the highest value for each area because I figured it would be best to compare the top amounts. Speed of bullet – 4122.9 watts Power of locomotive – 4474200 watts Height of building – 2716 feet **Bullet speed varies greatly depending on size/shape/weight of bullet and distance from muzzle (wind resistance and gravity). Volume for water = ((3.1417 * Radius^2) *Depth) * 7.47 = gallons *8.35lb = weight 97,001,173.49175lb’s E=10^(1.5(9)+4.8) = 10^(18.3) = 1.995262315x10^18jouls 1515.428229m/second .941643154 miles per hour 5500 miles My bullet goes 930 meters per second. The power is astronomically higher then that of the locomotive. The height of the building I chose is 827 meters which is a lot larger then 10 meters however when you compare it to the 15 mile dept while in the ocean iits much smaller. Hawks, Chuck. "Rifle Ballistics Summary." Rifle Ballistics Summary. N.p., 2003. Web. 6 May 2013. <http://www.chuckhawks.com/rifle_ballistics_table.htm>. "Power of a Train." Power of a Train. Ed. Glenn Elert. N.p., 2001. Web. 6 May 2013. <http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/RadmilaIlyayeva.shtml>. "World's Tallest Buildings1." N.p., 2013. Web. 6 May 2013. <http://www.infoplease...
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...obtain kilowatt-hours. M = Kh X Rr X Rs X CTR X VTR 10,000 Where ; Kh = watt-hour constant of the meter in watt-hour per revolution Rr = register ratio = the number of revolutions of the register worm wheel for a revolution of the first dial pointer (right hand). Rs = gear ratio = the number of revolution of the disk for one revolution of the first point CTR = current transformer ratio VTR = voltage transformer ratio Example #1: A G.E., three phase, three wire, 120 volts, type VM-63-A, Form 5A, Class 20, KWh meter indicates Kh of 2.4 at its nameplate and register ratio of 166-2/3 was installed at 13.2 KV wye grounded system having a current transformer of 25:5 ratio. Determine the following; a). The internal multiplier b). The billing multiplier Solution: a). Internal Multiplier = Kh X Rr X Rs 10,000 For G.E.; Rs =50 for Type V-60, DS-50 and DS-60 Family Rs = 100 for Other family For Sangamo; Rs = 100 for J3 meters Rs = 50 for J4 and Polyphase meters For Westinghouse; Rs = 100 for all types of meter Internal Multiplier = 2.4 X 166-2/3 X 50 10,000 Internal Multiplier = 2 b). Billing Multiplier = Kh X Rr X Rs X CTR X VTR 10,000 Billing Multiplier = 2.4 X 166-2/3 X 50 X 25 X 70 10,000 5 1 Billing Multiplier = 700 2 Example #2: A single phase, 2-wire, bottom connected Harbin meter, type DD101x-6E, 15(100)A, having a 210 rev per KWh and 28 register ratio, determine the multiplier. Solution : Kh = 1000 watts/Kilowatt 210 rev/KWh Kh = 4.761904761905 Wh/rev. Or Kh = 4.762 Wh/rev...
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...WORKSHEET 3 WORK AND POWER Key Concepts: WORK (W) – is the PRODUCT of the net FORCE (F) applied and the DISTANCE (d) it travels in the direction of Force. In equation WORK = force x distance , (W = Fd) POWER (P) – is the RATE (t) of the doing WORK (W). The FASTER the WORK is done, the GREATER the POWER. In equation: Power (P) = WORK (W) / time (t) * Amount of power does not show the amount of work done. It just gives the time that work requires. WATTS - unit for power. 1 watt – 1 J/s. Key Concepts: WORK (W) – is the PRODUCT of the net FORCE (F) applied and the DISTANCE (d) it travels in the direction of Force. In equation WORK = force x distance , (W = Fd) POWER (P) – is the RATE (t) of the doing WORK (W). The FASTER the WORK is done, the GREATER the POWER. In equation: Power (P) = WORK (W) / time (t) * Amount of power does not show the amount of work done. It just gives the time that work requires. WATTS - unit for power. 1 watt – 1 J/s. 1. Power is defined as the _______ is done. a. amount of work which c. direction at which work b. angle at which work d. the rate at which work 2. Which of the following statements is NOT correct a) energy is the capacity to do work c) Work can be express as Force x Distance b) the unit of power is the joule d) power is the amount of work done in a unit of time 3. Xena can carry a 10 kg load up to a 3 meters stair in 30 seconds while Nygel...
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...Whitby Hydro Energy Services Corp. Power Factor Correction at the Residential Level – Pilot Project Report to the LDC Tomorrow Fund September 12, 2005 Executive Summary In December of 2004 Whitby Hydro applied for funding from the EDA Tomorrow Fund to carry out a pilot project to determine the impact of installing capacitors at residential homes on system capacitance and generation requirements. The study involved 31 homes within Whitby Hydro’s distribution territory. The houses selected were located in a new residential neighbourhood and were consistent in size, age and type of heating. For the pilot, a bench mark had to be established for the loading of each transformer. The three transformers where metered for a two month period prior to the installation of the capacitors. The information gathered included KW, KVAR, volts and amps. Once the benchmark was established homes fed from two of the transformers where equipped with capacitors providing 3.34 KVAR into there distribution panel. Readings at the transformer continued for an additional two month period after the units were installed in the homes. In addition two homes where equipped with metering devices that allowed the measurement of power factor. The information gathered allowed analysis to be carried out to determine if the additional capacitance improved power factor at the home as well as at the transformer. Power Factor at the transformer was the first value to be analysed. KW and KVAR was measured at 15...
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...INTRODUCTION TO POWER FACTOR Your hometown community-owned services provider WHAT IS POWER FACTOR? Low Power Factor in your facility can increase your electricity costs, reduce electrical distribution capacity, cause sluggish motor performance and increase the frequency of voltage drops. That’s why it is important to understand what power factor is and what you can do to improve it. Power factor is an energy concept that is related to power flow in electrical systems. To understand power factor, it is helpful to understand three different types of power in electrical systems. Real Power is the power that is actually converted into useful work for creating heat, light and motion. Real power is measured in kilowatts (kW) and is totalized by the electric billing meter in kilowatt-hours (kWH). An example of real power is the useful work that directly turns the shaft of a motor. Reactive Power is the power used to sustain the electromagnetic field in inductive and capacitive equipment. It is the nonworking power component. Reactive power is measured in kilovolt-amperes reactive (kVAR). Reactive power does not appear on the customer billing statement. Total Power or Apparent power is the combination of real power and reactive power. Total power is measured in kilovolt-amperes (kVA) and is totalized by the electric billing meter in kilovolt-ampere-hours (kVAH). Wyandotte Municipal Service provides generation, transmission...
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...“There has been consensus among scientists for years that global warming is a serious problem and that it is caused by human activity” (“Global Warming Solutions A Basics.”, n.d.).I am here to tell you, global warming is a real and serious threat. With the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere the land and ocean temperatures have increased. Over the last 25 years, 11 of the 12 warmest years on record have occurred in the past 12 years. Something needs to be done to change this trend. This is where each and every one of us comes in. You might not think things in your everyday life have an effect on global warming but you are wrong. Here in the Midwest, we are at the center of our global warming problems and can be at the center of our solutions (“Global Warming Solutions A Basics.”, n.d.). Just making relatively small changes in your homes can make a huge impact on global warming if everyone makes similar changes. A new heating and cooling system is one of the biggest upfront costs for a green change, but it has the biggest return as well; in the form of money saved and lessening pollution. “As much as half of the energy used in your home goes to heating and cooling. So making smart decisions about your home's heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system can have a big effect on your utility bills” (“Heat & Cool Efficiently,” n.d.). Which is why you should start with this change. Although simply replacing your system all together could be the most cost effective...
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..., but thinking back on the intro I see there is nothing hooked up in the house; therefore, there is no current. The answer is 0. 2.) What is the voltage drop along the supply wire? To solve you would use the equation V=IR, I is 0; therefore, the voltage drop will also be 0. 3.) What is the amount of power converted to thermal energy (Power loss)? To solve this one, P=IV, I and V are both 0; therefore no power is lost in this Case. My predicted answers were correct in this case. If there is nothing in the house, then no current is flowing through the wires. Exercise 5A, Case 3 Now I’m asked that if I’m using super conducting wires with 0 electrical resistance and we plug in a 100 Watt lamp inside the house: 1.) What is the current through the circuit? I=P/V (100 watts)/(120 volts)= 0.83 Amps 2.) What is the resistance of the lamp? R=V/I (120 volts)/(0.83 amps)= 144.6 Ohms 3.) What is the voltage drop across the lamp? 120 volts 4.) What is the voltage drop across the supply & return wires? There wouldn’t be a voltage drop along the wires because they have zero resistance. The voltage drop would only occur at the lamp. My predicted answers were correct in this case also. Exercise 5A, Case 4 I’m given...
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...power rating in watts of your devices. After you find the power rating in kilowatt hour. To find this you divide the power rating in watts by 1000. After you find how much time you use this device and find the total of minutes and then you convert minutes to hours (divide by 60) Lastly you find the cost per kWh. The equation to find the cost per kWh is power x time x rate. You will record this for 5 days and then add all the cost per kWh and this is how you find the total cost for a week. To find the total cost of operating these devices for a year, you take the total cost of one week for each device and multiply that by 52 because there are 52 weeks in a year. (2016) 4. Referring to my own energy audit information, these are the ways I can reduce my families hydro/electricity bill. First of all, when I'm using the hair dryer, I should only blow dry my hair for less amount of time because I can leave the rest of my hair to air dry and this might reduce the cost because I am using less energy. The next way I can reduce energy is when I leave my room, I should turn off my room lights. I usually have a habit of leaving the lights on as I go from room to room. The last way I can reduce my families electricity bill is at night I should unplug my phone from my charger. Phones only take about one to two hours to charge but sometimes I forget to unplug it and it ends up charging all night. 5. Fan 75 Watts Curling iron 90 Watts Radio 100 Watts Blender 110...
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...Deciphering Mulholland Drive Mulholland Drive is a twisted and exhilarating movie directed by David Lynch. The movies tells the story of a Canadian women, Diane Selwyn, who moves to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting. For the most of the movie, we are thrown into a dream Diane has. In this dream many of the characters and people in her actual life are integrated into her dream with new identities. The last part of the movie we are brought back to Diane’s actual reality. Only once I was brought into Diane’s reality did I realize the importance of the fantasy. I believe Diane has realized the hard, cruel reality of Hollywood and this has caused her to have a breakdown. She has lost the love of her life to this Hollywood scene and is faced with the fact that she is a failed actress. These inner conflicts and struggles have caused her despair and ultimately her demise. David Lynch is highly praised in this movie because of his ability to mesh fantasy and reality. The fantasy part digs into Diane’s deepest desires and conflicts. A lot of the things that happen in the dream part of the movie, I feel display the way she wished things had happened, mostly with her relationship with Camille. In order to understand Mulholland Drive you must be able to distinguish between Diane’s dream and her reality. The movie starts with Diane arriving to Hollywood, she is very excited and thrilled for her new opportunity. In the fantasy Diane is introduced as Betty and is described...
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