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James

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· Running a quantitative study[->0]. Larger scale studies are typically done so that statistically significant results[->1] can be calculated. In such studies, each session needs to be run the same way. As such, a solid script must be created and tested.
· Testing a high-visibility project. Even if you’ve worked in usability for years, there may be the occasional high-visibility project that requires some extra care. Maybe the results are going straight to the CEO. Maybe the test is on the company’s premier product. Of course, every usability project is important, but some may be a bit more important than others.
· Doing a one-shot research project. If you’re doing many rounds of iterative testing[->2], then the damage is limited if you make a few mistakes in the first test. The second study will be better. But if a design project only gets a single dose of user research, you want to get it right the first time, because there won’t be a second time.
· Even veteran usability practitioners can benefit from running pilot tests. The longer you work in the field, the better you can get at writing strong tasks and instructions in the first place, but it never hurts to run a test plan past a participant in advance. Does every usability study require a pilot test? No, but it’s extra insurance that the study will run smoothly, leaving the team able to focus on the results, rather than the study itself.
· Benefit #1: Dress Rehearsal
· Pilot testing is a dress rehearsal for the study. It’s a great dry run to make sure the facilitator and team areprepared for the study. Are the materials printed? Consent forms copied? Payment prepared? Site ready and functional? Checklists can help, but running through the study in a low-pressure setting first is a good way to double check that the team is prepared.
· Benefit #2: Test the Tasks
· If a user is derailed by a poorly written task[->3], it takes precious time away from studying the interface. The facilitator first needs to realize that the participant didn’t understand the task as it was intended, and then has to spend time redirecting or reinstructing the user. Any on-the-fly changes run the risk of accidentally giving users clues about how to complete an activity, or making participants feel they did something wrong. Tasks that can seem perfectly clear to you and your team can be confusing or misleading to participants. Find and fix issues with tasks before your study to help ensure a smoother test and stronger results.
· Benefit #3: Timing
· It can be hard to know how much time to schedule for user testing. Will participants complete 3 or 7 tasks during your testing session? Running through the tasks yourself and allowing more time than it took you is a very rough way to estimate task time. Running through the full study with 1 or 2 pilot users can help you better estimate how long users might take, allowing you to prioritize tasks effectively for the real study.
· Benefit #4: Data You Can Use (Maybe)
· If all goes well, or pretty well, in a pilot session, you’ve gotten a jump on the rest of the study. Run the session as though it’s the real thing, and if there are no major hiccups, the data can be used. Even if one or two tasks go awry, you may still be able to salvage information from the sessions. Don’t be too quick to dismiss any learnings just because it was a pilot test. At the same time, don’t be overeager to use the session as part of your final learnings if the session does not go well or something goes wrong at the beginning that might affect the reliability of the rest of the session (such as leading the user or overexplaining an offering or interface.)
· Tips for Pilot Studies
· To get the most out of a pilot session, schedule it at least 1 day in advance of the scheduled study, and longer if you are testing instructions for an unmoderated study where you might need to pilot instructions several times before they are solid enough to use. This allows you and your team time to make any necessary changes. (Assume there will be changes, because there always are.)
· Recruit participants who match your target profile for pilot studies. This means that any feedback — about the study or about the site being tested— will be more relevant. In a pinch, recruiting someone who doesn’t quite fit the profile is typically better than not running a pilot test at all, but the results from those sessions then would not be applicable in the final study.
· Does running a pilot study take extra time? Of course. Materials need to be ready earlier, extra participants need to be recruited, and time needs to be scheduled to run the sessions. The payoff, however, is that the final study will run more smoothly, making it easier to get the results that matter to your team and, ultimately, your product.
JAMES

[->0] - https://www.nngroup.com/courses/measuring-ux/
[->1] - https://www.nngroup.com/articles/quantitative-studies-how-many-users/
[->2] - http://www.nngroup.com/articles/parallel-and-iterative-design/
[->3] - http://www.nngroup.com/articles/task-scenarios-usability-testing/

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