...The triumph of the novel Modern images of 19th-century English life owe much to novels, and versions of novels.By 1850, fiction had shouldered aside the theatre, its old rival as the main form of literary entertainment. As with the drama at the Renaissance, it took intellectuals sometime to realize that a popular form might be rather significant. Human beings havealways told stories, but not always read the long prose narratives of the kind known asnovels. The reign of the novel has now lasted solong as to appear natural. There had been crazesfor the Gothic novel and for Scott’s fiction, yet itwas only in the 1840s, with Charles Dickens, thatthe novel again reached the popularity it hadenjoyed in the 1740s. Between 1847 and 1850appeared Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, VanityFair and David Copperfield. In 1860, Dickens wasstill at his peak, Mrs Gaskell and Trollope were going strong, and George Eliot hadbegun to publish. Poetry was popular, but prose more popular. The popularity of broadlyrealistic novels seems to go with the broadening basis of middle-class democracy.For the sake of clarity, this cornucopia of fiction is treated author by author, at theexpense of chronology, interrelation, context. Dickens coincidentally published his first novel in the year of...
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...pioneer Jane Addams. Jane Addams accomplishments continue today to provide a platform of discussion of issues both past and present and continue to have a significant impact on the social work field of practice today. She chose to dedicate her life to helping the under privileged by being a selfless giver to the poor, be an advocate for women’s rights, and wanted to change laws that may put an end to poverty. Social Work Pioneers Introduction of Pioneer According to Allen (1973), Laura Jane Addams was born in September 6, 1860, in Cedarville, Illinois and died in May 21, 1935. During her life span, Jane grew up during the Civil War and the development of significant innovations such as the origin of species. She experienced a good life since she came from a family of a famous politician and a mill owner named John Addams. Jane’s mother died when in hospital as she delivered her ninth child, living Jane a two year old and others in the care of their father. At an early age of four, Jane developed a disease of tuberculosis of the spine that caused a curving on her back and contributed to health problems during her lifetime. Jane became close to her father emotionally and intellectually. Although John Addams was not involved in feminism, he provided his daughter a good education by sending her to Rockford Seminary, which was a women’s institution in Rockford Illinois. Jane became...
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...What has Jane Eyre learnt at Lowood? Importance of Education Jane greets this new stage of her life with excitement, as it represents an escape from the family home where she has suffered such unhappiness. She has realised from an early age that for a poor and friendless girl like herself, life offers few possibilities: " ‘If I had anywhere else to go, I should be glad to leave it; but I can never get away from Gateshead till I am a woman’ " (chapter 3). Thus Mrs Reed, in her haste to be rid of the responsibility of a child she so dislikes, unwittingly hands Jane a priceless asset for the Victorian woman: an education. Harsh Conditions at Lowood Jane soon finds that the conditions at Lowood are unforgiving. The school is run by a Mr Brocklehurst, who believes that the lower class girls who constitute his pupils are unworthy of kind or generous treatment: “it was bitter cold, and I dressed as well as I could for shivering, and washed when there was a basin at liberty, which did not occur soon, as there was but one basin to six girls, on the stands down the middle of the room” (chapter 5). Food is also in short supply, “a thin oaten cake shared into fragments” or inedible porridge, “a nauseous mess; burnt porridge is almost as bad as rotten potatoes; famine itself soon sickens over it. The spoons were moved slowly: I saw each girl taste her food and try to swallow it; but in most cases the effort was soon relinquished. Breakfast was over, and none had breakfasted”...
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...The Uses of Sidewalks: Safety and Contact Cities are generators of economic life and source of changes in the world. Thereby, Jane Jacobs in her book The Death and Life of Great American Cities puts into relief the role of cities on the social and economic levels, while denouncing the disastrous consequences of urban renewal programs. To that extent, in chapters 2 and 3, she discusses "The Uses of Sidewalks”, arguing that over all people need safety and trust in their city. Therefore, first she claims the necessity of keeping streets and sidewalks safe because they are the “vital organs” of cities (29). Secondly, she argues that the functioning of cities should be organized in order to foster human interaction in which “casual public trust” would evolve from (56-57). Hence, we come to understand that safety and contact in the streets are essential points to establish the social and economic development of a city. Jacobs starts the first part of his book with the notion of safety in the city, by assuming that the lack of safety in a city is in fact the lack of safety in the sidewalks: "When people say that a city, or a part of it, is dangerous or is a jungle what they mean primarily is that they do not feel safe on the sidewalks" (30). Although crime can occur in private spaces, Jacobs’ assumption is true to the extent that criminals would probably not show up on secure and frequented and streets. Then, Jacobs provides three qualities to make a city’s sidewalks safe: First...
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...GNST 200 Term Paper Jane Eyre: Charlotte Brontë One of the most brilliant works of Charlotte Bronte, Jane Eyre was published in 1847 during a time when women were considered social embellishments, and nothing more than offspring bearers for that matter. She defied these beliefs by doing something no women did in that time, write. This book was revolutionary, especially since the release of Jane Austen’s works, which had a lot more of a happy ending feel that were published a century before. Charlotte Brontë and her sisters Emily and Anne, wrote novels that were much more dark and mysterious. Jane Eyre became one of the most successful novels of its era. This novel is set in the early decades of the nineteenth century, and depicts themes such as social class, religion, and gender relations. The novel is a hybrid of three genres: a romantic novel, a bildungsroman novel, and a gothic novel. Each of these genres are used in Jane Eyre, and rightfully so. They help to tell the story of Jane Eyre’s life in the most mysterious, sometimes supernatural, and retrospective way. I believe that Charlotte Brontë depicted her life through the novel of Jane Eyre, she did this by using her own experiences in life, namely through some key developments from her life translated into Jane Eyre’s life. Jane Eyre and Charlotte Brontë embody each others lives. This is clear through all the similarities between the novel and real life. Some examples of these are: both Jane and Charlotte being orphans...
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...JANE AUSTEN An English author widely read in the nineteen-hundreds, was Jane Austen. Although Austen’s works were widely read and popular in her lifetime, she published her works anonymously. All of her books are mainly about bright, young heroines in courtship and finally marriage, even though Austen herself never married. Her best-known books include Pride and Prejudice. Virginia Woolf, a renown critic in Austen’s time called Austen "the most perfect artist among women." Austen’s position as part of the upper class of the early nineteenth century British society gave her not only a subject for her novels but also the time needed for writing. Jane Austen was born in Stevenson, Hampshire, as the second daughter and seventh child in a family of eight. As a young woman Jane enjoyed dancing and she attended balls in many of the great houses of the neighborhood. She loved the country, and enjoyed long country walks. As a result, when she wrote, many of her works are set in the English countryside. Life was going great, therefore it came as a shock when Mr. Austen decided to retire and move with his wife and two daughters to Bath. Bath is where two of Austen’s books are set. The next four years were difficult ones for Jane. She disliked the busy town and missed her Steventon life. After her father's death in 1805, his widow and daughters also suffered financial difficulties and were forced to rely on the charity of the Austen sons. Most of Jane’s novel characters are upper middle...
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...Individualism is the process of finding one’s own identity. Jane Eyre is a well renowned novel written by Charlotte Brontё about a plain young woman who goes through life in a very interesting way. Taking place in England during the Victorian Era, Brontё touches upon the life of one who refuses to fill in the social norms set for women. Being very headstrong and intelligent, the heroine faces love trials, especially with one, Mr. Rochester, who becomes her employer. Throughout the novel, Jane struggles to develop her own identity, but is always being repressed by some force. The theme of identity development is demonstrated in Jane Eyre in many ways. The novel demonstrates three people who help shape the identity Jane longs for and enhances her as a person, or represses her ideologies. Jane’s search for her identity is mainly influenced by the characters Mrs. Reed, Helen Burns, and Mr. Rochester. All the aforementioned characters show a large impact on Jane’s views of the world and of love, helping shape who she is and how she thinks. Firstly, Jane Eyre’s identity search is heavily influenced by her aunt, Mrs. Reed. Jane was adopted by her Uncle Reed when her parents passed away when she was very little, but after his death, she was left to his wife. Mrs. Reed always mistreats Jane. Jane would be falsely accused or punished harshly. For example, Mrs. Reed told the maids Bessie and Abbot to “Take her away to the red-room, and lock her in there.” (Brontё 6) all because she stood...
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...Stephanie Huang Ms. Kwan English 4U1 14 October 2011 “Jane Eyre” – Essay (Rough) Individualism is the process of finding one’s own identity. Jane Eyre is a well renowned novel written by Charlotte Bront ё about a plain young woman who goes through life in a very interesting way. Taking place in England during the Victorian Era, Bront ё touches upon the life of one who refuses to fill in the social norms set for women. Being very headstrong and intelligent, the heroine faces love trials, especially with one, Mr. Rochester, who becomes her employer. Throughout the novel, Jane struggles to develop her own identity, but is always being repressed by some force. The theme of identity development is demonstrated in Jane Eyre in many ways. The novel demonstrates three people who help shape the identity Jane longs for and enhances her as a person, or represses her ideologies. Jane’s search for her identity is mainly influenced by the characters Mrs. Reed, Helen Burns, and Mr. Rochester. All the aforementioned characters show a large impact on Jane’s views of the world and of love, helping shape who she is and how she thinks. Firstly, Jane Eyre’s identity search is heavily influenced by her aunt, Mrs. Reed. Jane was adopted by her Uncle Reed when her parents passed away when she was very little, but after his death, she was left to his wife. Mrs. Reed always mistreats Jane. Jane would be falsely accused or punished harshly. For example...
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...Essay Luong A7-02 English Literature Division - HUFS Nguyen Hien Luong A7-02 Teacher: Nguyen Tuan Ky On the inspiring development of Jane Eyre’s character in the Charlotte Bronte’s novel of the same name Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre is a master work of 19th century English literature and a powerful symbol of the triumph of self will over circumstances. Jane Eyre overcame very trying — or should we say impossible — circumstances to obtain her personal freedom and self-determination at the end of the story. Her success is a powerful inspiration to millions of readers around the world. However, in my opinion, the most inspiring about the novel is not Jane’s success itself, but her character development, which served as the catalyst for this success. This essay aims to illustrate the uniqueness of Jane’s character development, and attempts to explain why this unique development took place. What makes Jane’s character development special and unique is the fact that this type of development is not at all typical for people who were physically or mentally abused (as Jane certainly was during much of her ten-year stay at her uncle’s house). As a matter of fact, these people often grow up carrying with them emotional wounds that can never be healed. As a result, they are more likely to develop difficult personalities and turn into rebellious and violent individuals who see life and other human beings with much hatred. A research (Cathy Spatz Widom, "The Cycle...
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...Martha Jane Cannary AKA Calamity Jane By Julie Nikkola November 27, 2010 Martha Jane Cannary was born May 1, 1852 in Princeton Missouri on a small farm to Robert and Charlotte Cannary. Martha was the oldest of six children; she had two brothers and three sisters. Martha Jane received no formal education, but was considered literate. When Martha Jane was 13 her father decided to re-locate the family to Virginia City, Montana, by way of wagon train that was heading from Missouri to Montana. The wagon train took the Overland Trail, taking approximately five months to reach Virginia City, Montana. According to information on the Lakewood Public Library site the trek was often daunting. “Many times in crossing the mountains, the conditions of the trail were so bad that we frequently had to lower the wagons over ledges by hand with ropes, for they were so rough and rugged that horses were of no use” (Women in History 2010). Along with this they had to ford streams because many streams were noted for quicksand meaning horses could be lost along the way if they weren’t careful. Martha Jane spent most of her time with the men on the wagon train hunting. In her autobiography Martha Jane states “In fact I was at all times with the men when there was excitement and adventures to be had.”(Burk, M. cir. 1900). Charlotte Cannary, Martha Jane’s mother, helped supplement the family income by taking in washing from nearby mining camps. Charlotte Cannary died...
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...February 17, 2013 Jane Eyre Social Commentary Words: 553 In Jane Eyre, a book written by Charlotte Bronte, the idea of social class is analyzed and interpreted as wrong and unjust; especially for middle class women. Gender roles are also portrayed in this novel through the occupation the characters in the book have. Many critics believe that the overall theme of this novel has to be associated with roles in society and how unbalanced they truly are. Roles of middle-class women are seen in this novel through Jane. She was a governess throughout all adulthood. “Like Rochester, English society proved a "buoyant but unquiet sea" for Jane. Even though the Industrial Revolution created new opportunities for lower-class women, offering them new jobs such as in the factory, in place of household work, it did not do much good for the middle class. A single woman at this economic level still had only one option for respectable employment: working as a governess.” (thevictorianweb.com). Although a woman could maintain a decent living with this job, she could also anticipate "no security of employment, minimal wages, and an ambiguous status, somewhere between servant and family member that isolated her within the household" (Norton Anthology of English Literature, 2: 903). This is what was shown through Jane Eyre. If Jane did not marry and had no relatives to care for her, she would have to remain a governess all her life, which would mean that she would have to move from house...
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...revived, great and strong! He made me love him without looking at me.” (Bronte, Location 3229 Kindle Edition) Charlotte Bronte’s novel, Jane Eyre displays a struggle with society and individualism as well as a journey of a character who longs to belong somewhere, to someone. Bronte unravels a young character who is cast from a home where she was isolated from love and sends her out into the world for her discover society and herself. Her life as a child was filled with resentment from her aunt and on the views of Christianity. As a young adult, she faces conflicts of wanting to fill the void in her heart and the need to be loved with the fear of losing her volition. Through the character Jane, Bronte shows us how the morality of this time period weighs on the decisions of the heroine. The novel opens with our heroine living with the Reeds at Gates head. Bronte shows the transition of the character Jane, going from a passive and genderless childhood to a more turbulent stage of puberty (Showalter, 118). Living at Gates head, she was repelled from everyone in the house. Her aunt would not accept her even though she promised to care for the child. Jane was left as an outsider from John and the other children since she was told she was an unworthy individual. During this stage in life, the need for love and acceptance is enormous. Jane says she will never be able to leave the Reeds until she is a woman during a moment when she speaking with Mr. Lloyd and believes that she...
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...Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë An Electronic Classics Series Publication Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Neither the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Classics Series, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18202-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in English, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them. Cover Design: Jim Manis Copyright © 2003 - 2012 The Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university. Charlotte Brontë Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë PREFA PREFACE A PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION of Jane Eyre being unnecessary, I gave none: this second edition demands a few words both of acknowledgment and miscellaneous remark. My thanks are due in three quarters. To the Public, for the indulgent ear it has inclined to a plain tale with few pretensions. To the Press, for the fair field its honest suffrage...
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...Secrets Have Consequences In Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, the main characters Jane Eyre, Edward Rochester, and Jane’s aunt, Mrs. Reed, learn that one lie or secret can accumulate into many lies or secrets and affects everyone around them as time progresses. In the beginning of the story Jane’s aunt, Mrs. Reed, hides things from Jane as a child, which affects her as a young adult, and Jane learns the secret of Thornfield which not only changes her life, but many others as well. In other words, characters’ lives, personalities, and so much more can change due to lies and secrets, just how Mrs. Reed keeps secrets and lies to Jane as a child that affect her as a young adult. Initially, Mrs. Reed kept secrets and lied to Jane as a young child to not allow Jane to have a good life as a child, and an adult due to her jealousy. For an example, as a child, Jane was punished for actions she did not do, but her cousin John did and got away with because of Mrs. Reed’s jealously. As her punishment, she was sent to the red-room which frightened Jane because her uncle, Mr. Reed, passed away in it. In the red-room there was a secret drawer in the closet. Inside of the secret drawer there were papers, clothes, a jewel-casket, a portrait of Mr. Reed, “and in those last words lies the secret of the red-room—the spell which kept it so lonely in spite of its grandeur” (8). While Jane was in the red-room she began to wonder why she deserved such awful treatment and what has she done to her aunt...
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...does charlotte Bronte create sympathy for Jane Eyre in the opening of the novel? The novel portrays a story of a young orphan by the name of Jane who has to live with her cruel aunt Mrs Reed and cousins at Gateshead Manor, where Jane is continually abused until she moves away to Lowood school and eventually finds happiness there. Bronte uses various techniques to create sympathy for Jane including: pathetic phallacy, symbolism, animal imagery, characterisation and language and structure. Charlotte Bronte uses pathetic phallacy as one of her main techniques that she uses to create sympathy for Jane. She uses the created setting to suggest that the weather could reflect Jane's state of mind. The type of weather really indicates and also allows us access to Jane's thoughts and feelings 'The cold winter wind had bought with it clouds so sombre and a rain so penetrating'. The winter wind is described as 'cold' bringing visuals of a bleak setting to the readers mind. Jane describes the clouds as 'sombre 'which is a human emotion which then suggests that maybe Jane could be personifying the clouds. However the personification of the 'sombre clouds' could be a mirror reflection of Jane herself and how she feels. One choice that the author decides to make is the narrative perspective option. Narrative perspective is the technique by which the author chooses to relate the story to the reader, and in this case, the narrator is the protagonist (Jane Eyre) producing first person narrative....
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