...China and Japan are geographically separated by the East China Sea, while the two countries are so close together, they are far apart when it comes to culture, values, and the economy. China and Japan have been at odds with each other since The Raping of Nanjing in 1937. “In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army marched into China's capital city of Nanking and proceeded to murder 300,000 out of 600,000 civilians and soldiers in the city. The six weeks of carnage would become known as the Rape of Nanking and represented the single worst atrocity during the World War II era in either the European or Pacific theaters of war” (historyplace.com). The people of China felt like it was the war against Japanese aggression and not World War II. China felt like it was a personal attack because the Japanese were so cruel and evil. Till this day China feels like Japan has downplayed the senseless murders and rapes by calling them an “incident.” Thus, here it is over seventy years later and China and Japan have totally different stories of the event that took place. I will discuss how Japan’s lack of empathy towards China has fostered deep wounds for both countries. What are the primary issues that separate China and Japan? The main issues that separate China and Japan primarily “concern the way the two governments, particularly the Japanese government, look at and handle Japan's aggression against China and its other Asian neighbors, and other related issues from the War, such...
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...CHINA & JAPAN The main issues primary issues that separate China and Japan is mainly the acknowledgement of the roles each country during the second Simo-Japanese war during the second war. The main bowl on contention is the Nanking massacre in which Japan invaded China and conquered and occupied Nanjing, which was then China’s capital for six weeks and the mass rape and murder that ensued by the Japanese imperialist army. At lot of the victims were buried in mass graves level of evil and China claims that 300,000 of its citizens lost their lives even though the veracity of that number is debated.1 The saying goes winners get to write history and losers get the gallows and it means the when two cultures clash the winners live to write the history of the events and war while the losers are obliterated. However, in the case of China and Japan both the winner and loser got to write the history but two different versions of it. Fast-forward to today over 70 years after the Nanjing massacre, the historical significance of this event that is being passed down to younger generations in both countries could not be more different and therein is the problem. 1 The Japanese then to glaze over this event and instead focuses on the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki which makes them looks like victims during the war. One of the official history books being used middle schools in japan refers to the massacre as the incidence, downplaying the atrocities committed during that period.1 China...
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...dominant power. Primary Issues Between China and Japan According to the Council on Foreign relations, tensions between the two countries date to the humiliation of China in the Sino-Japanese War. These animosities surfaced in recurring cycles, often involving Chinese anger over Japan’s perceived lack of contrition for wartime crimes (Beehner & Bhattacharji, 2008). The history of World War II remains disputed, and China and Japan face challenges on how to move forward from the past. Growing tensions fueled when a Japanese history textbook distorted historical events surrounding the Nanjing Massacre. Further problems such as territorial and economic issues aggravated the relationship, including Japan’s close alliance with the United States, economic rivalry, trade frictions, and disputes over ownership of islands in the East China Sea. Recently a Chinese trawler collided with Japanese Coast Guard patrol boats near the Diaoyu Islands and resulted in a major diplomatic dispute between the two nations. The rivalry between the two countries continued, when China flexed its muscle to oppose a move to elevate Japan, into permanent membership on the United Nations Security Council. Chinese Government Extends Olive Branch Over the past four decades, Sino-Japan relations have made steady progress, only when both sides honored the agreement reached in the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1978. Chinese relations with Japan during the 1980s were generally close although...
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...China and Japan are in somewhat of a battle politically and economically. There are several issues that continue to fuel the fires between the two countries and government behavior on both sides is not helping matters. The documentary suggests economic rivalry, territorial disputes, and the Japanese bid for a seat on the United Nations Security Council are behind the tensions. However, a seemingly larger issue is how World War II is remembered; there are two versions of history and each wants their version to be known as truth. (Taguchi) The documentary explains that accounts of World War II have always been conflicting and a Japanese textbook downplaying their involvement has ignited the Chinese youth. The Chinese remember World War II as “a war against Japanese aggression” and by their accounts Japan is the perpetrator, not the victim. (Taguchi) The Rape of Nanjing, by Chinese accounts, was six weeks of Japanese brutality. The Japanese murdered hundreds of thousands of Chinese and villages of women were raped. According to Oi, some Japanese deny the Rape of Nanjing, while others downplay it and say “it was a battlefield and people were killed”. (Oi) The saying “the winner gets to write history” is certainly relevant in this situation. Japan, playing the innocent, chooses to whitewash their actions and attempt to write history as they see fit. Although the rest of the world is taught about the Rape of Nanjing and other horrific acts perpetrated by Japanese, it...
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...Trade between China and Japan is worth about $345bn (£212bn). That alone, stands as a significant portion of trade, investment, and revenue. Short-term revenue, for example would be a one-time exchange of trade whereas long-term revenue would be long-term trade obligations between two business or parties. The full terms of the obligation are usually carried out over more than one year. Some industries are heavily dependent upon long-term revenue for sustained profits and to pay for basic operating costs. Long-term revenue, however, is not simple to define because it can mean different things in different industries. [http://smallbusiness.chron.com/definition-longterm-revenue-38225.html] Let's take a look at how Japan's economy and trade as well as long-term revenue has been hit as a result of the conflict over the Diaoyu Islands. Japan has the world’s third largest economy, and is the second largest holder of US treasury bonds. It has a large impact on global commodities and energy: it is the largest importer of liquid natural gas (LNG) and third largest importer of crude oil. Despite its financial troubles, it still carries considerable weight in financial global institutions like the IMF, the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization. However, Japan's economy contracted in the latest quarter, signaling that like Europe it may already be in recession, further weighing down world growth. Japan's outlook remains bleak, with most economists forecasting a further decline in...
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...China and Japan Essay As oriental countries, the West often perceives China and Japan as two countries with similar politics, economics, and social norms. What many Westerners may not realize, however, is that starting in the 19th century, Japan ended its traditional isolationist policies while China sought to become isolationist, and that this distinction strongly influenced both Japan and China's political, economic, and social responses to modernization and westernization. Politically, China and Japan's reaction to Western ideas dramatically differed. When President Fillmore sent Commodore Matthew C. Perry to Japan, the ho-shogun and his advisers first resisted the visit, but finally agreed to trade with the United States upon signing the Treaty of Kanagawa in 1858. (Cohen)As a result, Western diplomats soon inundated the Land of the Rising Sun in order to persuade the nation politically, but more importantly to them, economically. The political-diplomatic, cultural-intellectual, and socio-economic relation that followed was christened the Meiji Restoration. In general, the Japanese gradually became very receptive to the concepts of democracy, liberalism, and laissez-faire, but Meiji leaders planned to remain free of Western imperialism by negotiating with Western diplomats. They did not abandon their isolationist policies of over 200 years under the Tokugawa Shogunate only to be absorbed as a European colony; instead, they wanted to learn Western military and industrialization...
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...1. Introduction In China, there is a famous legend of “Shen Nong Tasting Hundred Plants”. Shen nong who is a famous botanist. He tasted various kinds of plants to test them as food or medicine. One day, after walking for a long time, he felt tired and thirsty, so he rested under a tree and started a fire to boil water in a pot. Suddenly some leaves fell into the pot from a nearby tree. He drunk the water and found it not only sweet and tasty, but refreshing as well. Shen Nong felt less tired, so he went on to drink all the water from the pot that was how tea is found (Liu, 2012). In Tang Dynasty, the Chinese tea and tea culture was spread to eastern countries, especially Japan. Though tea originated in China, but it was carried forward in Japan. Nowadays, tea has become a famous drink in the world. There are many types of tea in China and Japan. The main Japanese tea is Sencha, Genmaicha and so on. (Stevens, 2013). In China, the Green tea, Black tea, Oolong teas are very popular. There can be various mixtures of flowers with green tea, black tea and oolong tea (Liu, 2012). In China, tea can be used as a gift for business and etiquette. However in Japan, tea is a kind of art. Japanese tea art is famous all over the world. In my portfolio, I will compare and contrast the Chinese and Japanese tea types. The quality of tea and tea arts. As I am a tea lover, I would gain more tea knowledge about the two types of tea and its culture. 2. Background information At first，tea was...
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...influence on the other parts of the world. Asia, in particular, was faced with the decision of whether to adopt and conform to the western ways or to reject and stick with their traditional ways of life. In the end, Asia adapted to ways of the western “devils”, but most of their efforts seemed unsuccessful while others were quite successful. The main countries that experienced the western influence were China, Korea and Japan. Although all three countries experienced their share of internal and external strife, China and Korea’s modernization efforts were, in comparison to Japan, unsuccessful. The reason for this was because Japan was able to fully utilize their resources and take advantage of the opportunities that they were presented with in Asia, whereas China and Korea were occupied with internal and external conflicts. Although China and Korea weren’t total failures, the Land of the Rising sun overshadowed them. China’s first experience with western imperialism is seen in the 1830’s when they had conflict with the spread of opium and the dwindling of silver within the country. China wished to stop both these events so when they confiscated supplies of opium from British traders, the British government used its newly developed military power to make their dissatisfaction known to the Chinese. This, along with other factors, led to the First Opium War (1839-1842). The result of this was the Treaty of Nanjing, which gave the British Hong Kong and allowed them to stop the trade monopoly...
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...China and Japan shared many differences in their late years. The differences between late China and Japan I will discuss are their gardens, ceramics, and painting: Gardens: China utilized the practice of cultivating man made and designed gardens that took on the appearance of a naturally occurring garden/landscape. Meanwhile the Japanese utilized Zen Gardens which were often big yards that contained sand a few large rocks instead of the usual grass and trees. The Chinese gardens were to obtain the fully natural beauty of nature in an unnatural place, while the Japanese Zen gardens were to aid in the Japanese practice of Zen Buddhism through repetitive meditative work. Ceramics: The Chinese and Japanese also had differences in their sculpting....
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...Trade Relations of China and Japan China contains more than 5,000 years of history. This remarkably long past earns china the title of the oldest civilization in the world. The country possesses the largest population of 1.344 billion and a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $7.318 trillion in U.S. dollars ("World bank, china," 2011). Although China has an extremely high GDP, the extremely large population is a problem since they cannot provide enough resources for the entire population. This makes it imperative for China to trade and have relations with the world around them and participate in the global economy. That being said, with there incredibly dense population, they have a labor force of 795.5 million which allow them to be very large competition for the rest of the world. Since the 1970s, China has evolved from a closed, central system to a market-orientated system that makes China the world's largest exporter. This was accomplished by the gradual liberalization of prices, fiscal decentralization, creation of a diversified banking system, the growth of stock markets, the opening to foreign trade and investment, rapid growth of private sectors, and the decrease in collective agriculture ("Index mundi: China," 2012). In the more recent years, China has once again brought back their support for state-owned enterprises (SOE) for the purposes of economic security. The restructuring of the economy and resulting in efficiency gains have brought China to be the second largest...
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...distance is close, their cultural differences may vary a lot, for example, China and Japan. From the graph I get on the website, the biggest cultural difference between China and Japan is on uncertainty avoidance, which is the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations. The fact that China has a comparatively low score on this dimension reflects that Chinese are adaptable and entrepreneurial, and comfortable with ambiguity. On the contrary, at 92 Japan is one of the most uncertainty avoiding countries on earth. Japanese learned to prepare themselves for any uncertain situation. This goes not only for the emergency plan and precautions for sudden natural disasters but also for every other aspects of society. On long term orientation, both China and Japan have relatively high scores. This dimension describes how every society has to maintain some links with its own past while dealing with the challenges of the present and future. Therefore, these two countries show an ability to adapt traditions easily to changed conditions, a strong propensity to save and invest, thriftiness, and perseverance in achieving results. Both on individualism and indulgence, China has very low scores and Japan has moderate scores. Low scores on these two dimensions show that Chinese people act in the interests of the group and not necessarily of themselves, and that China is a restrained society that have a tendency to cynicism and pessimism...
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...Introduction to the case 2 2 Critically and systematically analyse the global strategic advantages of IKEA 3 2.1 Branding , designer appeal 3 2.2 Critical mass, low cost, low price 3 2.3 Quality, green credentials 3 2.4 Global appeal, local sensitivity 3 3 What were the key challenges that IKEA faced in a) China and b) Japan? 4 3.1 Key challenges faced by IKEA in China 4 3.1.1 Cultural 4 3.1.2 Structural 4 3.2 Key challenges faced by IKEA in Japan 4 4 Critically discuss the marketing strategies used to address the challenges the company faced in China and in other markets. 6 4.1 China 6 4.2 Other markets 7 5 Discuss and justify what IKEA’s marketing strategies should be in the future in these two markets. 8 5.1 China 8 5.2 Japan 8 6 Conclusions 9 7 Bibliography 10 1 Introduction to the case From humble origins in the woods of Sweden in 1926, IKEA has developed into a major retail experience in 41 countries / territories around the world, with a current turnover of €23.1 Billion (IKEA, 2010). This case study explores the establishment and development of IKEA’s retail ventures in China and Japan – its first moves outside westernised countries and its first significant retail activity in Asia, despite substantial sourcing activity in the region, and discusses how IKEA might continue its market development in these territories. 2 Critically and systematically analyse the global strategic advantages of IKEA. ...
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...Qing China and Tokugawa Japan Japan and China have undoubtedly had their similarities and differences in the past. However, that doesn’t change the fact that both countries are major economic powers today and amongst the most thriving nations in the world. Separated from the influence of foreign countries, Japan and China had a long time in which they could develop their own unique identity both culturally and politically, although the isolation did eventually come to an end. Both the Tokugawa and the Qing did not bring radical changes to the governments. The Qing weren’t Chinese; they came from Manchuria but adopted the traditional Chinese system. The Tokugawa also adopted some ideas of Confucianism. The Qing emperors had control whereas the emperors during the Tokugawa shogunate were just figureheads with the shoguns in control. The daimyo who...
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...Aftermath of World War II: China and Japan When it comes to the economic welfare of different countries around the world, it is dependent on events within the country or events that the country partake in. Such an example that led to changes within many countries who were part of the destructive events within it would be World War II. The end of World War II had left a trail of devastation in its path. There were many countries in turmoil and there were many countries that needed to recover and rebuild. Two countries that were influenced by the aftermath of the war greatly were China and Japan. Following the war each country had to rebuild and/or change their economic and...
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...diversities because of the presence of different social, economic, political and legal and tax systems. After independence the industrial enterprises of this country were initially brought under the control of the government. Very soon it was realized that the nationalized sector was not performing as desired because of unsuccessful management practice. Since then the country has been going through denationalization process. And then every type of concepts and theories of different countries has been practicing in our country. But it is very difficult to say which type of management practice should be applicable for our country. This paper is just an attempt to analyze the different types of management practice especially in U.S.A., Japan, Germany and China in the context of Bangladeshi management practices on the basis of the basic functions of management. As per the findings, management practice in Bangladesh is not being dominated by any specific country's management practice. This paper will describe what types of management practice are made in those countries with respect to socio-cultural or environmental circumstances and other legal and govt. policies. Why will we analyze and/or study Management Practices among the countries? The concept of comparative management has become more important in recent years because of the growing influence of multinational companies and global corporation. MNCs are businesses that exercise strategic control over production and marketing...
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