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MEASUREMENT AND UNITS & DIMENSIONS

Synopsis :
1. Every measurement has two parts. The first is a number (n) and the next is a unit (u). Q = nu.
Eg : Length of an object = 40 cm.
2. The number expressing the magnitude of a physical quantity is inversely proportional to the unit selected. 3. If n1 and n2 are the numerical values of a physical quantity corresponding to the units u1 and u2, then n1u1 = n2u2. Eg : 2.8 m = 280 cm; 6.2 kg = 6200 g
4. The quantities that are independent of other quantities are called fundamental quantities. The units that are used to measure these fundamental quantities are called fundamental units.
5. There are four systems of units namely C.G.S, M.K.S, F.P.S and SI
6. The quantities that are derived using the fundamental quantities are called derived quantities. The units that are used to measure these derived quantities are called derived units.
7. The early systems of units :
Fundamental Quantity

System of units
C.G.S.

M.K.S.

F.P.S.

Length

centimetre

Metre

foot

Mass

Gram

Kilogra m pound

Time

second

Second

second

8. Fundamental and supplementary physical quantities in SI system (Systeme Internationale d’units) :
Physical quantity

Unit

Symbol

Length

Metre

m

Mass

kilogram

kg

Time

second

s

Electric current

ampere

A

Thermodynamic temperature kelvin

K

Intensity of light

candela

cd

Quantity of substance

mole

mol

Supplementary quantities:
Plane angle

radian

rad

Solid angle

steradian

sr

SI units are used in scientific research. SI is a coherent system of units.
13. A coherent system of units is one in which the units of derived quantities are obtained as multiples or submultiples of certain basic units.
SI system is a comprehensive, coherent and rationalised M.K.S. Ampere system (RMKSA

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