...Jim Crow was the personification of the system of racial segregation. Jim Crow laws treated white people as if they were superior to black people, and black people were the second-class race. White people and black people were not allowed to be socially equal in the eyes of Jim Crow. “It went so far that if a white person asked a black person a question, the black person had to respond the answer that the white person wanted to hear, regardless of the truth.” Woodward was unquestionably correct when he states that African Americans were not treated equally because of segregation caused by the Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws enforced the segregation of races in the United States. These laws were started in the late 1870’s and lasted until the...
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...equal” segregation laws that were deemed constitutional by the Supreme Court and which profoundly divided White and Colored America throughout the late 1800’s to mid 1900’s. Freshly out of the Civil War, Black America gradually sought after more forms of freedom after the bondage of slavery was destroyed. While Black males especially were granted more citizenship liberties through the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments, just when they thought White America could evolve into an accepting and open-minded society, all efforts were shut down by the Jim Crow laws. That is where the Plessy v. Ferguson case starts, the Supreme Court’s endorsement...
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...racial discrimination in virtually every single area of their lives. America has come a long way since the 1800’s when slavery was common, but that road certainly hasn’t been easy or short for Black American. Not long after the Civil War ended, African Americans experienced a form of racial segregation called Jim Crow. The name "Jim Crow" originated from a character in an early nineteenth-century minstrel show song. A white minstrel blackened his face and jigged around while singing. The "Jim Crow" character regularly appeared in minstrel shows touring the South. Eventually, Jim Crow became the name of the racial caste system which operated primarily, but not exclusively, in southern and Border States. These laws legalized segregation from the 1860’s through 1967. The most widespread laws mandated racial segregation in schools and public places such as railroads, restaurants, and streetcars. Since segregation laws typically excluded African Americans from services, Jim Crow laws began as an attempt to move forward by providing separate services for blacks. These laws were adopted earliest in most southern towns and municipalities where diverse crowds lived. These communities passed vagrancy laws that controlled the influx of black homeless migrants. Many southern states during the 1880s and 1890s passed laws which required segregation. The Supreme Court held up the southern laws in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), accepting guarantees from these states that the segregated areas would be...
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...or North Africa (United States Census Bureau, 2012). Two of the larger racial minority groups in U.S. history are Black or African Americans, comprising about 12.5% of the population, and Asian Americans who make up about 4.5% of the population. Black Americans are primarily descended from Africans who were involuntarily brought to American and the United States between the early 1600’s and the mid-1800’s, so specific African nations of origin are usually untraceable. Since the 1970’s, there has been a growing population within the Black American racial group who originate in Jamaica, Haiti, and Barbados. Black Americans have been a significant minority group since the early 1900’s. Asian Americans typically share ancestral backgrounds in China, the Philippines, Vietnam, South Korea, Japan, Thailand, Cambodia, India, Pakistan, Taiwan, Malaysia, and Brunei. Asian Americans have been a notable minority group since the mid-20th century but there were large influxes of Chinese, Filipino, and Japanese immigrants in the mid-to-late 19th century (United States Census Bureau, 2010). Laws have been used to enforce discrimination against minority racial and ethnic...
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...African American History April 13, 2013 Final Paper Laws of Jim Crow (Final) The Jim Crow laws were as discriminatory as it gets when it came to race, as it separated what it considered inferior races from the white race. George agrees with other historians that Jim Crow was not a real person but one of fiction (6). Jim Crow laws were created in the late 1800’s and lasted until the 1960’s. Louisiana did not pass the first Jim Crow law until 1890, even though racial segregation and discrimination had their start much earlier. Soon after, other southern states passed similar laws prohibiting blacks from being seated with whites on railway cars. After studying the history of Jim Crow, Kantrowitz believed that the Jim Crow system was based on the assertions that whites believed themselves to be superior to blacks intellectually and morally. Sexual relations between blacks and whites were also a big issue because many whites believed that the mixing of races would produce a mongrel race and would destroy the fabric of America (35-38). On the other hand, George conveys that the main idea behind the Jim Crow laws was two-fold because Jim Crow was established to keep blacks separate and to make them believe that they were an inferior race (9). Jim Crow had the law on its side because no matter what, the law made it clear that discrimination against the blacks in the Southern states was okay. Many whites did not have a personal problem associating with blacks, as long...
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...Christine Venuti Themes in Modern History Prof. Matthew Shaughnessy November 9, 2012 Based on the history of prison labor in 20th century U.S. South, should local governments be allowed to privatize incarceration in their individual states? According to theologian James Crone and legal scholar Michelle Alexander, what are the socio-cultural ramifications of such actions? Back in the late 1800’s blacks were dehumanized and were made a mockery. James Crone, in his book, talks about how blacks or people of color would be lynched or would be threatened to be lynched just for walking the wrong way or giving a wrong look. The superior whites would hold events to watch a black man be hung and burned. Thousands of whites would attend including men, women, and children. Crone called it a family affair. Children would collect chopped off body parts as souvenirs and postcards would be made from pictures of the burning human and sent to relatives with quotes such as “this was our barbeque last night.” It was unjust to treat any human being that way let alone to treat just one race that way because they looked different. Mobs of white Americans would stop a black person and use violence on them just because they could and they knew they would get away with it. Lynchers were always mysteriously unknown to churches and police authority but very well known in the media. Whites turned the other way when it came to a black person back then. The lynching tree represented white power...
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...The South and the West Ramiro Headges University of Phoenix Hist/120 Patricia Cox November 06, 2013 The post-Civil War South has been called the “New South.” In what ways did it succeed in reinventing itself? In what ways did it fail? Shortly after the war, the Southern part of the country was distressed, in order for the south to be self-reliant all over again it would need a large amount of money along with a considerably amount of rebuilding. Economically and architecturally they could succeed in reinventing itself. Almost 35 years since the war, it was noticed that the growth of iron, steel, and textile manufactories in the South became apparent. Primarily, railroads lead the Southern industrial growth. Even with the Southern growth and prosperity they, could not relatively compete with the North in regard to improvements or gross. With nearly four millions freed slaves who resided in the Southern part of the country and a large number of white people who lived in poverty, business owners benefited of the fact that it was plenty of cheap labor. The South deprived itself from a strong industrial growth simply because the white man inability to work together with freed slaves. The white man feelings against the freed slaves was still view as inferior and were increasingly getting worse. It got to the point that Blacks...
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...To what extent had the lives of African Americans in the USA changed by 1945? From the late 1800’s to early 1945, the lives of African Americans both in the Northern and Southern states had improved but only to a minor extent. America in the 1800’s, was a country riddled with hypocrisy when it came to the treatment of black people, particularly in the South. The notion of the founding principals of America were that “all [people are] born with the same unalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” however, this was far from reality. There were some significant political improvements from 1863-1870 following the the Emancipation Proclamation declared by President Lincoln in 1863. Also, African Americans were granted citizenship and the right to vote as a result of the 14th and 15th amendments. However, with a society inundated by Jim Crow Laws – which enforced segregation – ex-slaves were far from liberated. Within the Southern States such as Georgia, Mississippi and South Carolina, white supremacy had been entrenched and southern racists were able to devise ways of oppressing black people, irrespective of the Federal law. A specific example of this is the Plessy v. Ferguson case (1896) which stated that segregation was constitutional according to the principal of 'separate but equal'. As justifiable as it may have seemed, segregation resulted in inferior educational and public facilities for black Americans which inevitably, caused an increase in discrimination...
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...Page 1 Soc 3 Throughout the 1900’s, the nature of the city/urban neighborhood has become dramatically different. As the decades went by, many changes have occurred in the racial and wealth aspects of the communities in these cities. Racial aspects include The Great Migration, which was an extreme relocation of many African-Americans from southern states, such as Alabama, Louisiana, and Misssisssippi, to northern cities, such as Cleveland, Boston, Baltimore, and New York City. Gentrification, which is the upscaling of a neighborhood, is another factor, one of which that is fueled by an inflow of investment in a particular area. The Great Migration took place in the 1900’s, between 1910 to around 1970. An estimated six million African-Americans moved from southern states into the North and Midwest cities. Some historians differentiate between a Great Migration (1910–30), numbering about 1.6 million migrants, and a Second Great Migration (1940 to 1970), in which 5 million or more people moved and to a wider variety of destinations. This was mostly brought on by the continuous violence against blacks in the south. Even though they were free and segregation laws were passed, they were still denied many opportunities that whites were entitled to. For example, the right to vote and own homes. The number of blacks lynched rose significantly due to the passing of the Jim Crow laws. The south was not a place the blacks wanted to raise a 2 family. The...
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...Black Americans experienced a radical change in their goals, strategies, and support of the civil rights movement during the 1960s due to the eruption of new leaders, sympathetic presidents, radical groups, and a rejuvenation of history and heritage. From the “separate but equal” laws of Plessy v. Ferguson and the Jim Crow Laws of the late 1800’s, the new goals of Martin Luther King Jr. would strive to change African American civil rights through non violence and revealing oppression, while other groups would emphasize the embracement of black culture, both still against the oppression in the United States. Strategies were born from MLK’s ideals, about demonstrating to the American people the horror of oppression, while the Black Power movement...
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...Experience: 1865 to Present In the late nineteenth century our country has been defined by native born versus immigrants, rich versus poor and worker versus capitalist. But, in the former Confederacy, despite the call for the New South after Reconstruction tension still focused on the relationships between blacks and whites. Being of African American decent and raising a African American son I can still see the systematic effects of segregation, discrimination and isolation. However, through the civil rights movements of the past African American have attained equal rights in the present. In this paper, I will take a journey through the historical timeline of slavery. In addition, I will discuss historical events from 1865 to present that ended segregation, discrimination and isolation to attain equal rights. Africans were shipped to North America as Slaves in the 1600's, by 1787 the writers of the United States Constitution decided that slaves will count as three fifth of a person when deciding how many representative each state will have in Congress. In 1820 the Missouri Compromise was designed to maintain the number of free and slave states. During that period there were many notable freed slave that played significant roles in the advancement of the slaves. Isabella Baumfree also know as Sojourner Truth played a significant role in equal rights for women and the fight against slavery. Sojourner fought for women rights in the early 1800's in New York and other states....
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...began when the first African slave was brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia. European settlers in North America was looking to a cheaper labor source than indentured servants which were poor Europeans. After the initial Dutch ship brought 20 Africans ashore the British Colony of Jamestown, slavery spread throughout the other American colonies. Historians believe that and estimated 6-7 million slaves were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone (Staff, History.com, 2009). Initially black slaves worked mainly on plantations cropping tobacco, rice, and indigo. Slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of taxation guaranteeing the right to repossess any person held to service of labor. In the late 18th century the mechanization of the textile industry in England led to a huge demand for American cotton which grew slavery in America. Cotton was a southern crop which production was unfortunately limited by the difficulty of removing the seeds from raw cotton fibers by hand. After a young Yankee school teacher named Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin that efficiently removed the seeds from the cotton fibers, the south transitioned from the large scale production of tobacco to...
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...began when the first African slave was brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia. European settlers in North America was looking to a cheaper labor source than indentured servants which were poor Europeans. After the initial Dutch ship brought 20 Africans ashore the British Colony of Jamestown, slavery spread throughout the other American colonies. Historians believe that and estimated 6-7 million slaves were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone (Staff, History.com, 2009). Initially black slaves worked mainly on plantations cropping tobacco, rice, and indigo. Slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person for the purpose of taxation guaranteeing the right to repossess any person held to service of labor. In the late 18th century the mechanization of the textile industry in England led to a huge demand for American cotton which grew slavery in America. Cotton was a southern crop which production was unfortunately limited by the difficulty of removing the seeds from raw cotton fibers by hand. After a young Yankee school teacher named Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin that efficiently removed the seeds from the cotton fibers, the...
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...Laws have an indisputably important function in modern societies, providing order and structure to society by restricting or mandating certain behaviors and actions. Rule of law is the foundation on which peace rests, and respect for the law allows cooperative, trusting, and prosperous societies to develop. Throughout history, however, laws have been created with less-than-altruistic intentions. The powerful often use legislation to advance their interests and oppress their enemies—it is no surprise that those who make the rules often benefit the most from them. Lawmakers do not always have selfish intentions, but neither are they always benevolent. Rather, the process of creating rules for society is a complicated process that does not have...
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...the stories were considered discriminatory since each one of the victims was black males attacked by law enforcers. Racial profiling is an illegal practice and an extremely controversial where individuals are targeted of suspicious behaviors based on their race, religion or ethnicity. People of color in the United States experience controversial confrontation with law enforcers constantly. There will be discussions on multiple confrontations with law enforcers and the possibility of how each can be considered discrimination. Some racism against young African American needs to be addressed and law enforcers need to stop targeting minorities. As mentioned above, racial profiling refers to discriminatory practice by law enforcers, or others authorities of the law, target specific individuals due to their race, ethnicity or religion (American Civil Liberties Union). Some of the many recent targets include Muslims, who have been labeled as terrorists, African Americans as gang members and with Donald Trump’s recent dramas, Latin Americans are labeled as immigrants. All these labels mentioned above are based on either race or ethnicity which have no value or importance. Before discussing some of the details in racial discrimination, A brief explanation of the history of racial profiling (American Civil Liberties Union). Racial profiling in the United States dates back to 1700’s during time that many African Americans were slaves and those who did not have an owner had to prove...
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