...PART OF THE FOLLOWING SOURCE): Type report Title Tax evasion and the source of income : an experimental study in Albania and the Netherlands Author(s) K. Gërxhani, A. Schram Faculty UvA: Universiteitsbibliotheek Year 2003 FULL BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS: http://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.427430 Copyright It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content licence (like Creative Commons). UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (http://dare.uva.nl) (pagedate: 2014-11-27)TAX EVASION AND THE SOURCE OF INCOME: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN ALBANIA AND THE NETHERLANDS AIAS Working Paper 03/11 May 2003 Dr. Klarita Gërxhani AMSTERDAM INSTITUTE FOR Prof. Dr. Arthur Schram ADVANCED LABOUR STUDIES Universiteit van Amsterdam © Klarita Gërxhani Amsterdam, May 2003 This paper can be downloaded at www.uva-aias.net/files/aias/WP11.pdf Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies Tax Evasion and the Source of Income: An Experimental Study in Albania and the Netherlands 5 Tax Evasion and the Source of Income: An Experimental Study in Albania and the Netherlands∗ Abstract A series of experiments among different social groups in both Albania and the Netherlands give the opportunity to compare behavioral patterns related to tax evasion. Aside from the decision...
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...collect information: 4 Limitations 5 Gender differences in Albanian Environment 5 Unemployment rate divided by gender 5 Trends in education by gender 6 Active enterprises by gender of owner / administrator in 2005-2012 7 Participation of women in politics 1990-2010 9 Glass-ceiling effect theory 10 How to break Glass- Ceiling Effect 12 Telecommunication Companies in Albania 13 Private investments in the Telecommunication area in Albania 13 Background of Telecommunication Companies in Albania. 14 AMC 14 VODAFONE ALBANIA 15 EAGLE MOBILE& ALBTELECOM 16 PLUS COMMUNICATION 17 Statistics 17 Research Methodolody 18 Data analysis 19 Leadership by gender in Telecommunication Industry. 19 Conclusions 23 Recommendations 24 Recommendations for corporate level decision-makers 26 References 28 Appendixes 29 Online Questionnaire: 29 Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to study the gender differences in telecommunication industry in Albania. The companies involved in this research are: Albtelecom and EagleMobile, Vodafone, Amc and Plus. The method used in order to generate data for analysis, is made by using an online survey that was given to totally 120 employees from all four companies. Secondary data was collected by human recourses departments and materials founded on official internet websites. Conclusions that we had from the information gathered is that the gap of gender differences in the telecommunication area is tending to be lower recently compared...
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...2013 Shared Services Centers Investment Potential of Macedonia, Serbia and Albania Apostoloski Nenad EMBA 2013 3/28/2013 Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................ 5 CURRENT LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................. 6 MACEDONIA .............................................................................................................................................. 7 SERBIA ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 ALBANIA .................................................................................................................................................... 8 MARKET POTENTIAL ................................................................................................................................... 10 . FACTORS OF COMPETITIVENESS ........................................................................................
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...TABLE OF CONTENT Abstract Introduction 1. Albanian Business Environment Data 2. Albanian Business Law and its Consequences on Domestic /Foreign Business Environment 3. Key Risks Threatening Business in Albania 1. Domestic Political Situation 2. Inflation /Taxes & Price Effects 3. Population and Business Distribution Geography 4. The Immigration and its Impact on the Economy and Business Demand 5. Global crisis – Greek & Italian Crisis 4. Conclusions 5. Literature Abstract This paper provides an overall picture of the business environment difficulties of East European Countries, through the concrete case of Albania, towards new political & economic changes in parallel with global changes. It will consider the type of businesses operating within the country, the market environment fragility & volatility, several types of risks present, the impact of Euro versus domestic businesses and joint ventures within Albanian market and the most evident barriers that domestic business has in order to act internationally. Introduction Change in Eastern Europe, in early 1990’s, came in with a new set of political and economical problems. In Albania, the collapse of communism and its agricultural closed economy left the place to the free market economy. The passage faced the institutional gaps as well as it found an unprepared society towards the mixed market economy....
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...Journal of World Business 37 (2002) 69±80 Eastern European cluster: tradition and transition     Gyula Bakacsi, Takacs Sandor, Karacsonyi Andras, Imrek Viktor1 Budapest University of Economic Sciences and Public Administration, 1093 Budapest, Hungary Abstract The eastern European cluster consists of Albania, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Poland, Russia, and Slovenia. It has a population of 232 million and a gross domestic product (GDP) of U.S.$772 billion. The cluster's distinctive cultural practices are high power distance and high family and group collectivism. The region is facing signi®cant challenges during its period of transition from communist philosophy to market-based economies. The participating managers value a much greater degree of future and performance orientation, but are strongly attached to their cultural heritage of deep family and group cohesion. They are also highly value charismatic and team-oriented leadership. The challenges and complexities facing the region are explored in the paper. # 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. 1. Introduction This article provides an in-depth look at the eastern European culture. This region is understudied due to its socialist past and was not (with the exception of Greece and Yugoslavia), included in Hofstede's seminal work (1980) or basic reviewing and synthesizing study of Ronen & Shenkar, 1985 comparative study of 25 countries. Over the past few years, a few writers have examined cultural and...
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...to go downhill. The president's opponents get wind of the story and use it to their advantage. Thus, this led the president's Public Relations team to take action regarding the crisis. Winifred Ames played by Anne Heche, one of the President's top aides, calls in spin doctor extraordinary, Conrad Bream (Robert De Niro). Conrad goes to work immediately, thinking of the best way how to turn away the public's attention from the Firefly Girl issue. He came out with the idea to create another bigger issue for the public to think about and over power the bad publicity caused by the sex scandal. "Change the story, change the lead" is his motto, so he decides to manufacture a small, cost-effective war against Albania, which he euphemistically refers to as a pageant. Why he choose Albania of all the countries in the world because the name sounds sinister and no one in the United States knows anything about the country. Hence it will be easier for them to formulate a story about it that people will surely believe eventually. For the plan to manifest, Winifred Ames and Conrad Bream flew to Los Angeles to seek the help of a top...
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...Content Summary 1. Targets, tasks and problems of research During the last ten years aspects of cross-cultural competence provoke theoretical and practical interest due to international relations development. Cross-cultural competence is not restricted by discussion of different questions and problems on the international level; it becomes a part of everyday people life including education sphere. Our team has received results of survey that is carried out among students of Germany, Uzbekistan and Albania. This survey about how culture affects the requirements for teaching offers. Respondents were offered to answer 26 questions according to education aspects and personal questions. In addition we had list of statistical data that should be collected about every country. For us it was necessary to compare found date and obtained results of existing survey and then to find correlation between it. We have considered three given countries: Germany, Uzbekistan and Albania. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021square km with 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state and the largest economy in the European Union. It is one of the major political powers of the European continent and a technological leader...
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...Bart King (1873–1965) was an American cricketer, active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. King was part of the Philadelphia team that played from the end of the 19th century until the outbreak of World War I. This period of cricket in the United States was dominated by "gentlemen cricketers"—men of independent wealth who did not need to work. King, an amateur from a middle-class family, was able to devote time to cricket thanks to a job set up by his teammates. A skilled batsman who proved his worth as a bowler, King set numerous records in North America during his career and led the first-class bowling averages in England in 1908. He successfully competed against the best cricketers from England and Australia. King was the dominant bowler on his team when it toured England in 1897, 1903, and 1908. He dismissed batsmen with his unique delivery, which he called the "angler," and helped develop the art of swing bowling. Sir Pelham Warner described Bart King as one of the finest bowlers of all time, and Donald Bradman called him "America's greatest cricketing son." (Full article...) Recently featured: Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway – Herrerasaurus – Lê Quang Tung Archive – By email – More featured articles... Did you know... From Wikipedia's new and recently improved content: Two Skytop Lounges in their original Milwaukee Road paint scheme. These cars were part of the Twin Cities Hiawatha equipment pool ... that after their retirement, two of the Milwaukee...
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...Establishing a Business in Hungary, Europe Victoria Delay Dr. Michael Jazzar Jones International University Executive Summary I have been hired by a large U.S. Biotechnology Corporation to create a strategic report on establishing a business in Europe. I have the specific task of providing an overview of the cultural, political, and macroeconomic environment in the target city of Budapest, Hungary. Based on these considerations, I am required to make a clear-cut, yes-or-no executive recommendation on whether to establish a business operation abroad. A yes recommendation requires a description of the form that I think that the operation should take (joint venture, direct foreign investment, etc.) and provide a short analysis of risks and benefits. Budapest, Hungary is the capital of Hungary, on the Danube (a river on S. Europe, flowing from SW Germany eastward into the Black Sea).Their native language is Hungarian (Magyar), but some speak German and English. Hungary is considerate to be the center of politics, cultural, commercial, industry and transportation; a vital base to reach all European countries regarding marketing products to surrounding countries. The cost of living is inexpensive and the unemployment rate is low. Hungary was the first country in Central and Eastern Europe to apply for membership of the EU (European Union). The benefit of Hungary’s EU membership has significant effects on the Hungarian economy, and gives important...
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...Chapter Outline I. Introduction II. International Trade Versus Interregional Trade ( international trade occurs for the same reasons as interregional trade ( gains from technology and gains from trade III. Trade in an Individual Product ( trade in cloth (U.S./India) — Figure 2.1 ( supply and demand ( the effects on India and the U.S. IV. Trade Based on Absolute Advantage A. Absolute Advantage ( PASSPORT: Football Games, Rats, and Economic Theory ( PASSPORT: Mercantilism ( Table 2.1 B. The Gains from Specialization and Trade with Absolute Advantage ( gains from trade — Table 2.2 ( the labor theory of value V. Trade Based on Comparative Advantage A. Comparative Advantage ( Table 2.3 ( David Ricardo ( Babe Ruth B. The Gains from Specialization and Trade with Comparative Advantage ( PASSPORT: Principal Exports of Selected Countries — Table 2.4 ( Change in world output — Table 2.5 VI. Trade Based on Opportunity Costs A. Opportunity Costs ( PASSPORT: Labor Costs as a Source of Comparative Advantage — Table 2.6 B. The Gains from Specialization and Trade with Opportunity Costs ( Table 2.7 ( Autarky VII. The Production Possibilities Frontier and Constant Costs A. The Production Possibilities...
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...o r g a n i z at i o n september 2008 A business case for women The gender gap isn’t just an image problem: our research suggests that it can have real implications for company performance. Some companies have taken effective steps to achieve greater parity. Georges Desvaux, Sandrine Devillard-Hoellinger, and Mary C. Meaney Article at a glance Companies that hire and retain more women not only are doing the right thing but can also gain a competitive edge. They can take several basic steps to achieve even greater parity. These companies will be able to draw from a broader pool of talent in an era of talent shortages. What’s more, research shows a correlation between high numbers of female senior executives and stronger financial performance. Women in developed economies have made substantial gains in the workplace during recent decades. Nevertheless, it’s still true that the higher up in a company you look, the lower the percentage of women. But some companies have moved successfully to increase the hiring, retention, and promotion of female executives. Their initiatives have included efforts to ensure that HR policies aren’t inadvertently biased against women or part-time workers, to encourage mentoring and networking, to establish (and consistently monitor at a senior level) targets for diversity, and to find ways of creating a better work–life balance. Changes like these have a price, but there are business advantages to making them—above and beyond the...
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...A Marketing Plan for Lipton Ice Tea Institutional Affiliation Date Marketing Plan: Lipton Ice Tea Industry Analysis In 2005, the tea industry reached the $1.7 billion category and it is expected to continue growing indefinitely (Mintel 2005). Market analysts believe the tea industry will continue to boom and is not expected to reach saturation level in the near future. The favorable movement in the tea industry can be attributed to two major factors: a) consumers need for convenience and time-saving services; and b) the positive press given to tea. American lifestyle and work habits have made convenience a necessity. As employers demand for productivity from their employees, consumers are more pressed for time. In addition, the shaky economy has made Americans fear for their jobs; thus, any product that can fill the consumers' need for convenience and speed are almost automatically embraced into the American lifestyle (Mintel 2005). For the last decade, the health benefits of tea have gained wide coverage in the media. Studies continue to show the beneficial properties of teas, with health benefits ranging from lower cholesterol levels to improve arterial health and decreasing chance of cancer. This positive press has definitely catapulted the demand for tea (Mintel 2005). Both the need for convenience and positive press on tea have spurred an increase in sales of tea products, specifically ready-to-drink (RTD) teas sold in single-serve containers (Mintel 2005). Recognizing...
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...CULTURE SPECIFIC AND CROSSCULTURALLY GENERALIZABLE IMPLICIT LEADERSHIP THEORIES: ARE ATTRIBUTES OF CHARISMATIC/TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP UNIVERSALLY ENDORSED?1 This study focuses on culturally endorsed implicit theories of leadership (CLTs). Although crosscultural research emphasizes that different cultural groups likely have different conceptions of what leadership should entail, a controversial position is argued here: namely that attributes associated with charismatic/transformational leadership will be universally endorsed as contributing to outstanding leadership. This hypothesis was tested in 62 cultures as part of the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) Research Program. Universally endorsed leader attributes, as well as attributes that are universally seen as impediments to outstanding leadership and culturally contingent attributes are presented here. The results support the hypothesis that specific aspects of charismatic/transformational leadership are strongly and universally endorsed across cultures. Deanne N. Den Hartog Vrije Universiteit-Amsterdam Representing the Netherlands Robert J. House University of Pennsylvania Principal Investigator Paul J. Hanges University of Maryland Principal Investigator S. Antonio Ruiz-Quintanilla Cornell University GLOBE Coordinating Team Direct all correspondence to: Deanne N. Den Hartog, Free University, Work and Organizational Psychology, v.d. Boechorst straat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, the Netherlands;...
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...Transition The First Ten Years Analysis and Lessons for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union Transition The First Ten Years Analysis and Lessons for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. © 2002 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 5 05 04 03 02 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc, 222 Rosewood...
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...Nintendo Wii U | MK 3251 Advertising Name:Panagiotis pavlou ID:117078Instructor:Galanis Chris | Company’s history Nortec Multimedia S.A is the distributor for Greek market since 1997 according to the official page of Nintendo. In addition to the Greek market Nortec is also supplying Albania, Bulgaria and Former Yogoslav Republic of Macedonia since 2002. Except the Nintendo product line Nortec is also distributing game titles of Nordic and other software in all the above countries. Nortec Multimedia is ready to serve its customers in a very effective and efficient way. According to the official site of Nortec Multimedia<<www.nortec.gr>> the company has an established network of around 800 points of retail shops, many partners in all countries that is operating and of course the big electronic chains such as Kotsovolos or Media Markt. 1.Situation analysis 1.1 The product characteristics and the label issue In all technological products sucs as the Nintendo Wii U there is a moment that a model has to be removed from the market and replaced with a new one that is matching today’s limits in technology. This action has to take place very carefully and according to my personal opinion just when the product life cycle is ready to expire. Moreover the new console Nintendo Wii U was introduced in Europe on November 30,2012 in order to replace as I said above the predecessor which was the Nintendo Wii. This move can be translated very easily and it is done just...
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