...in which I went through Intro – About a year and a half ago I was training pretty hard to get into shape for the fire academy here at rio hondo. I would run atleast 5 miles a day to keep good cardio, haha I don’t do much of any running any more. Well, One of those days I went on an uphill run with a 20lb weight pack and experienced some pain in my left knee, about a month later It still hurt so i went to the doctor and after an MRI it was determined that I may have torn my meniscus and I would not be able to attend the academy until it healed. Today im going to go over some knowledge I gained about these types of injuries by experiencing one first hand. Body – 1. First off I am going to start with some quick anatomy on the largest joint in your body .inside there are 4 ligaments that holds the bones together. ACL PCL MCL LCL you have your KNEE CAP and then your MENISCUS. The meniscus is a rubbery, C-shaped disc that cushions your knee. Each knee has two of them, one at the outer edge of the knee and one at the inner edge, they serve to spread and cushion the weight across the knee. A tear in the meniscus can either be bad or much worse depending on the location because the outside of the menisci has really good circulation but the inside has almost no circulation at all making this knee injury a very uncertain window to recover from, some can recover in a month, others like me can take over a year. In my case I have two tears, one in each of the menisci in my knee, one...
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...Abstract Since joint destruction begins within a few weeks of symptom onset in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to decrease impairment of physical function and halt disease progression. A delay in therapy of as little as 3 months has demonstrated to cause irreversible joint damage. Treatment plans for RA includes pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological modalities. Treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have involved a variety of single agent and combination therapies with a goal, to slow disease progression and bone destruction. The research indicates that not all drug combinations are equally effective in all patients with RA. To more accurately distinguish how to best manage early RA, and because treating RA within 3 months of diagnosis appears crucial for improved outcomes, this paper review studies that compare combination to mono-therapies in RA. Introduction Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is considered to be an inflammatory arthritis (Gardner, 2010). It is a disease that is chronic and characterized by diffuse inflammation and degeneration of the connective tissues, often characterized by joint stiffness in the morning that lasts at least 30 minutes but can range to several hours (Gardner, 2010). Pain improves with activity as fluid accumulated in the joints during inactivity is forced back into the system through the lymphatics. RA has a different cause from Osteoarthritis (OA). It is considered to be...
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...Petersen and colleagues state that the dynamic valgus alignment is seen more often in females than males and this neuromuscular mechanism, and others than may be present, combined with biomechanical mechanisms could be the link to the pathogenesis of patellofemoral pain syndrome in young females. As stated by Petersen et al., some studies have determined that when one’s knee joint experiences a valgus collapse during a one-legged squat, weakness of the hip abductors is indicated. Other studies have shown some people, particularly females, may experience higher muscle forces during both running and walking, which may lead to increased joint stress and joint contact force in those suffering from PFPS. Despite all the research that has been done, as of now no functional disorder has been named as the exact cause of pain in patients with patellofemoral pain...
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...Skeletal.eap3am 8/20/02 1:20 PM Page 50 50 The Body Systems: Clinical and Applied Topics The Skeletal System 6 The skeletal framework of the body is composed of at least 206 bones and the associated tendons, ligaments, and cartilages. The skeletal system has a variety of important functions, including the support of soft tissues, blood cell production, mineral and lipid storage, and, through its relationships with the muscular system, the support and movement of the body as a whole. Skeletal system disorders can thus affect many other systems. The skeletal system is in turn influenced by the activities of other systems. For example, weakness or paralysis of skeletal muscles will lead to a weakening of the associated bones. Although the bones you study in the lab may seem rigid and permanent structures, the living skeleton is dynamic and undergoing continual remodeling. The remodeling process involves bone deposition by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. As indicated in Figure A-16, the net result of the remodeling varies depending on: 2. The applied physical stresses: Heavily stressed bones become thicker and stronger, and lightly stressed bones become thinner and weaker. Skeletal weakness can therefore result from muscular disorders, such as myasthenia gravis (p. 66) or the muscular dystrophies (p. 65), and conditions that affect CNS motor neurons, such as spinal cord injuries (p. 75), demyelination disorders (p. 72), or multiple sclerosis (pp. 72, 82). 3....
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...center affected digit to IR Center PIP to the IR Central Ray Perpendicular to PIP of affected digit Collimate to the affected digit Collimation 1” on all sides of digit, including 1” proximal to MCP joint  Evaluation Criteria No rotation Entire digit from fingertip to distal metacarpal Lateral Finger Lateromedial (2-3) or Mediolateral (4-5)  Position of Part Rest hand on lateral (radial) surface for 2nd or 3rd digits, or on the medial (ulnar) surface for 4th or 5th digits Extend affected digit Close remaining digits into a fist; hold in flexion with thumb 2nd and 5th digits directly in contact with IR 3rd and 4th placed parallel with IR Adjust to a true lateral position Central Ray Perpendicular to PIP joint of affected digit Collimation 1” on all sides of the digit, including 1” proximal to the MCP joint  Evaluation Criteria Entire digit in lateral position No rotation PA Oblique - 2nd through 5th  Position of Part Hand pronated with palmar surface resting on IR Center IR to level of PIP joint Rotate hand externally until digits are separated on a 45* angle (or placed on a 45* wedge) Central Ray Perpendicular to PIP joint of affected digit Collimation 1” on all sides of digit including 1” proximal to MCP joint  Evaluation Criteria Entire digit rotated 45* Includes distal portion of metacarpal AP Thumb Projection 1st Digit Robert View  Position of Part Hand in extreme medial rotation ...
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...“It sifts from Leaden Sieves” It sifts from leaden sieves, It powders all the wood. It fills with alabaster wool The wrinkles of the road It makes an even face Of mountain and of a plain- Unbroken forehead from the east Unto the east again It reaches to the fence, It wraps it rail by rail Till it lost in fleeces; It deals celestial veil To stump and stack and stem- A summer’s empty room Acres of joints where harvest were, Recordless, but for them It ruffles wrists of posts As ankles of a queen Then stills its artisans like ghosts, Denying they have been. Paraphrase The snow falls from the sky through the clouds like flour. It powders all the trees. It fills every cracks of the road with the white. It makes the mountain and the plain becomes flat land in white. As far as we can see is white from east unto the east again. The snow reaches the fence, and wraps it by rail until cannot be seen but white snow. The snow deals the sky layer. Coming noisy and full fill the farm acres of joints where harvest were, recordless but for them. The snows annoy the pole of posts as well turned of queen. Then stills its artisans and disappear in silence, denying they have been make an annoyance. ☺ The Imageries of “It Sifts from Leaden Sieves” There are some imageries used in this poem, but, personification is the major imagery used by the writer. It can be found in these sentences: 1. It sifts from leaden sieves, 2. It powders all the wood. 3. It...
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...the bones below according to shape and size (flat, long, short, irregular, or sesamoid) (0.5 point each). |Bones |Type of Bone | |Carpal Bones |short | |Cervical Vertebrae |Irregular | |Femur |long | |Ilium |Flat | 2. (2 Points) For each diarthrodial joint listed below, list the joint classification (ball-and-socket, hinge, pivot, condyloid, gliding, or saddle) (0.5 point each). |Joints |Type of Joint | |Glenohumeral |Ball and socket | | Interphalangeal |Hinge | |Patellofemoral |Hinge | |Talocrural |Hinge | 3. (1 Points) Identify the primary agonists and antagonists during a leg curl. |Agonists: |Hamstrings | ...
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...furniture only made of wood, without a nail? Several years ago, a friend of mine, studying architecture, introduced the amazing craft called mortise-and-tenon joint to me and told me that it had been used for thousands of years by woodworkers around the world. In traditional Chinese architecture, wood components, such as beams, roof frames and brackets, were made to interlock with perfect fit, without using fasteners or glues, enabling the wood to expand and contract according to humidity. Although he spoke like an encyclopedia about it, I could not get a clear picture of what it was like. Few days ago, I came across an app called “wood joints”, which a friend of mine shared on Wechat. After downloading it, I was amazed to find that this app provides a high quality 3D model (the mortise-and-tenon joint in books are two dimensional drawings) to view the 27 classical mortise-and-tenon joint structures broken down into their composite parts. The first thought that occurred to me was that creativity comes from our “big questions” which lead us toward our purpose. The big question of the designer of the app started with the influence of his father who used to make the furniture by himself. He started to ask himself, “How can I use computer technology to gain a clear perspective of the classical mortise-and-tenon joint structures?” After 6 months of preparation and hard work, his team accomplished the dream. Actually, the app is a good example of the long tail effect. According...
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...proliferation, because the treatment, which uses injections of ozone, causes the proliferation (growth, formation) of new cartilage and connective tissue in areas where it has become weak or damaged. The response to treatment varies from person to person but most people only need from 5-10 treatments. Prolozone is a homeopathic/oxygen-ozone injection technique developed and pioneered by Dr. Frank Shallenberger MD, HMD in the 1990′s. It is excellent for all forms of musculo-skeletal and joint pain including chronic neck and back pain, rotator cuff injuries, degenerative and arthritic hips and knees, degenerated discs and shoulder and elbow pain. Because in many cases prolozone actually corrects the pathology of the disorder, there is a 75% chance for the chronic pain sufferer to becoming permanently pain free. 2. History: Historical review shows that a version of this technique was first used by Hippocrates on soldiers with dislocated, torn shoulder joints. He would stick a hot poker into the front of the joint and it would then miraculously heal normally. Of course, hot pokers are not in use today but the principle is essentially the same – stimulate the body to repair itself through the use of controlled irritation. The injection of “proliferating” agents first began in...
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...Septoplasty is the term used for a surgical procedure designed to correct a displacement of the cartilage and bone dividing the nostrils. This condition is frequently referred to as a deviated septum. During a Septoplasty procedure, the nasal septum is straightened and then repositioned in the center of the nose. To straighten and reposition the nasal septum, Dr. Kevin Sadati may need to cut and remove parts within the nasal septum prior to repositioning, and inserting them in the proper position. Several factors are taken into consideration when planning a Septoplasty procedure. These factors include the features and physical structure of the nose as well as whether or not the patient is experiencing breathing difficulties. While it is common to have some deviation of the septum, when the condition is severe, breathing difficulties can result. These breathing difficulties may be caused by a blockage in one side or both sides of the nose, which is reducing the airflow and causing the breathing problems. In addition, some people who have a deviated septum experience a drying effect, bleeding and/or crusting within the nose. Dr. Sadati performs Septoplasty procedures to straighten the nasal septum through trimming, repositioning and replacing the cartilage, the bone or both. Patients who have this procedure will receive some form of anesthesia: It is the complexity of the surgical procedure that determines whether a patient receives local anesthesia, local anesthesia with sedation...
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...Joint Pain Joints form the connections between bones. They provide support and help you move. Any damage to the joints from disease or injury can interfere with your movement and cause a lot of pain. Joint pain is a matter of serious concern, primarily because joints play a huge role in the overall functioning of the human body. Joint pain is the result of an injury, infectious disease, or medical condition or is the result of structural damage within the joints. There are many different types of painful joints, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, bursitis, gout, strains, sprains, etc. Joint pain is extremely common. Knee pain is the most common, followed by shoulder and hip pain, but joint pain can affect any part of your body,...
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...young adult female with lateral hip pain. Differential diagnosis of lateral hip pain can be challenging. Some of the diagnosis for lateral hip pain are; Acetabular labral tear, Stress fracture, dislocation, fracture, avascular necrosis, muscle strain/tear, ligament sprain, low back pain, sacroiliac joint dysfunction, femoral acetabular impingement, bursitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Childhood disorders (Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease), tumor, and osteoarthritis (Table 1). The authors were suspicious of the patient’s chief complaints due to vague symptom description and aggravating factors. The subject consistently reported feeling a “twinge” and a deep ache in her right lateral hip that she randomly experienced throughout the day along with running and weight bearing activities, such as lunges and squats. This led the authors to suspect intra-articular hip pathology. Intra-articular hip pathology is often reported as lateral hip pain that can be worse with running and sitting. The results of research have demonstrated that the lack of groin pain helps rule out the potential for acetabular labral tear and FAI with a sensitivity ranging from 96-100%. Further, individuals with hip joint stress fractures typically report a gradual onset of...
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...Knee Sprain, Pediatric A knee sprain is a stretch or tear in a knee ligament. Knee ligaments are bands of tissue that connect bones in the knee together. CAUSES This condition is often results from: A fall. A sports-related injury to the knee. SYMPTOMS Symptoms of this condition include: Trouble bending the leg. Swelling in the knee. Bruising around the knee. Tenderness or pain in the knee. DIAGNOSIS This condition may be diagnosed based on: A physical exam. What happened just before your child started to haves symptoms. Tests, such as: An X-ray. This may be done to make sure no bones are broken. An MRI. This may be done if your child's health care provider suspects that the ligament...
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...most common of all joint diseases and it affects more than 80% of people who reach the age of 70 years and above. Though the suffix of the disease indicate otherwise, osteoarthritis is not characterized by a situation of excessive joint inflammation a s is the case with rheumatoid arthritis. This disease is asymptomatic, especially in the early years of its development. As the disease progresses, the pain, stiffness and also a limitation of movement may develop and grow to something that will become serious with time. The common sites where discomfort is experienced around the vertebrae area, the hips and the knees, or is simple terms, joints that bear much of the weight of the body. The cause of this disorder is not completely clear, but biomechanical forces that usually place stress on joints are thought to interact with biochemical and genetic factors that contribute to osteoarthritis. In the early stages of the disorder, there is roughening and softening of the cartilage, and eventually, they wear away. The bone is deprived of its protective cover and it regenerates the destroyed tissue. The action results to an even remodeling of the surface of the surface of the joint. Thick bony outgrowths that are known as spurs develop sometimes. Articulation of the joint becomes difficult...
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...Diseases and Disorders Leukemia The cause of most human leukemia is unknown. It is a kind of cancer in which abnormal white blood cells multiply in an uncontrolled manner. they interfere with the production of normal white blood cells. Leukemia affects the production of red blood cells. Bursitis Bursitis is a disorder that causes pain in the body's joints. It most commonly affects the shoulder and hip joints. It is caused by an inflammation of the bursa, small fluid-filled bags that act as lubricating surfaces for muscles to move over bones. This inflammation usually results from overactivity of an arm or leg. Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a disease resulting in the loss of bone tissue. In osteoporosis, the cancellous bone loses calcium, becomes thinner, and may disappear altogether. Sprains A sprain is an injury to a ligament or to the tissue that covers a joint. Most sprains result from a sudden wrench that stretches or tears the tissues of the ligaments. A sprain is usually extremely painful. The injured part often swells and turns black and blue. Fractures A fracture is a broken bone. These are some common kinds of fractures: - closed, open, multiple, comminuted, greenstick and spiral Spina bifida Spina bifida is a spinal defect that is present at birth. In spina bifida, the spinal cord does not form properly and the vertebrae and skin cannot form around it. Spina bifida...
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