...most common of all joint diseases and it affects more than 80% of people who reach the age of 70 years and above. Though the suffix of the disease indicate otherwise, osteoarthritis is not characterized by a situation of excessive joint inflammation a s is the case with rheumatoid arthritis. This disease is asymptomatic, especially in the early years of its development. As the disease progresses, the pain, stiffness and also a limitation of movement may develop and grow to something that will become serious with time. The common sites where discomfort is experienced around the vertebrae area, the hips and the knees, or is simple terms, joints that bear much of the weight of the body. The cause of this disorder is not completely clear, but biomechanical forces that usually place stress on joints are thought to interact with biochemical and genetic factors that contribute to osteoarthritis. In the early stages of the disorder, there is roughening and softening of the cartilage, and eventually, they wear away. The bone is deprived of its protective cover and it regenerates the destroyed tissue. The action results to an even remodeling of the surface of the surface of the joint. Thick bony outgrowths that are known as spurs develop sometimes. Articulation of the joint becomes difficult...
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...of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU) and the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association have jointly conducted a study on the health effects of using smartphones and portable electronic devices among Hong Kong people. Results showed that, out of the 1,049 people surveyed, 70% of adults and 30% of children and adolescents have reported musculoskeletal symptoms in different parts of the body in relation to the use of electronic devices. In recent years, various kinds of consumer electronics have become increasingly popular in Hong Kong. It is not surprising that the sales of smartphones in Hong Kong are among the highest in the world and the habits of using electronic devices are changing rapidly. Smartphones have become an indispensable communication tool in our everyday life and many people keep their phones turned on around the clock. In addition, people are obsessed with playing electronic games which is a common phenomenon in public places such as on buses and MTR, and this is widely known as "bow head tribe." Spanned over three years, the joint study involving both adults and school children aimed at examining their time spent on using various IT products, the tasks performed and postures adopted in their daily use. The relationship between the use of electronic devices and the development of musculoskeletal symptoms is a major focus of this study. Participants were asked to report any related physical problems, such as neck pain, shoulder pain, and wrist and hand...
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...1999). According to Iyer, it is reported that 6 out of 10 students who participated in ergonomic study conducted, having chronic back pain due to carrying heavy backpacks (Iyer, 2001). In the last few many years, lots of risk factors have been determined as the cause of back pain in children however, school backpack was not included until...
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... When some people think of marijuana, they think of the hippie guy and girl with the tight bellbottom jeans, the scarf tied around their forehead, the purple round sunglasses and holding up a piece sign while driving the VW van with the Grateful Dead stickers on the windows. Some think of marijuana as a relief to the pain and discomfort they are experiencing, others just like the effect of slowing down the animosity of life and relaxing. However, if we look at the big picture we can see that marijuana being legal could help the economy, be medically beneficial, is safer than alcohol, and it would help all walks of life in one way or another. The legalization of marijuana could be very economically beneficial according to a study done by an economics professor at Harvard University named Jeffery Miron. Professor Miron says the government would save about $7.7 billion a year by the policing and prosecution being cut if marijuana was legalized in the U.S. The study also states that if the taxing of tobacco and alcohol was similarly used on marijuana, another $6.2 billion would be attained. In 2008 another study was done. In Texas $46.1 million was spent by state prisons only supervising marijuana prosecuted inmates. In California marijuana enforcement was estimated to be over $146 million. Some prisons now are facing overcrowding. Think of the amount of money that would be saved and some of the space that would be freed up in the Department of Corrections...
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...1 ) Rabies Rabies is a viral disease causing inflammation of the brain ( encephalitis ). The virus is a member of the family Rhaboviridae. Worldwide, several variants of the virus have been identified, each associated with a single wild animal host that acts as a reservoir of infection for a particular geographic area. Although all warm -blooded vertebrates are susceptible, only mammals are important in the spread of rabies. In British Columbia, bats are the only reservoir of rabies. Records of bats submitted for rabies testing suggest that relatively few are infected, even among those submitted because they are behaving abnormally. Bats are valuable components of the natural ecosystem and many species are at risk in British Columbia. Other potential hosts of British Columbia include domestic dogs/cats, foxes, raccoons, skunks, wolves and coyotes. " Spill over " of rabies to terrestial mammals from bats has occurred in British Columbia, but rabies has never been maintained in wild populations of terrestrial mammals. Rabies should be suspected in any wild animal exhibiting any behavior considered " abnormal" including ; loss of fear or unusual friendliness, excitation or aggression, depression, incoordination, paralysis, convulsions or seizures, abnormal vocalizations, appearance of nocturnal creatures during the day, signs of choking or inability to drink or swallow food, drooling of saliva or frothing at the mouth. In Carnivores, evidence of having...
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...Case study – Eileen is a 68 year old pensioner who suffers with arthritis, her arthritis has been getting worse since she turned 65 and has tried everything within the orthodox health system to try and ease the condition but unfortunately nothing has been successful in helping her and is still suffering from persistent pain. Prescribed medication has been tried to see if that would help Eileen’s condition but she claims to experience awful side effects and would rather not take any medication, because of the side effects Eileen has been experiencing they have started to make Eileen feel overly stressed for no real reason, due to this Eileen has been considering a couple of different complementary therapies which have been recommended by some close friends and family. The two therapies that Eileen has been researching and considering are acupuncture and osteopathy. * Acupuncture is said to help relieve pain by either diverting or changing the painful sensations that are sent to the brain to then alert you to the pain within the body. (Arthritis Research UK) * Osteopathy is also said to help relieve pain that individuals experience for a number of different reasons, this is done by improving mobility and reducing inflammation by using gentle, manual osteopathic techniques. (Hoddesdon osteopathic & sports injury clinic , 2016) Case study – Eileen is a 68 year old pensioner who suffers with arthritis, her arthritis has been getting worse since she turned 65 and has...
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...numbness, tingling or loss of sensation of his left upper extremity. Examination of his shoulder girdles revealed an internally rotated left shoulder and shortened clavicular distance. He did have a visible deformation of his left clavicle when compared to the contralateral, uninjured side and had excruciating pain to palpation of the clavicular and sternoclavicular area. The patient had full flexion and extension at the elbow. Shoulder deltoid was intact as were internal and external rotation of his shoulder. Furthermore, the patient denied being short of breath, feeling dizzy, or with difficulty swallowing. Radiographs of the left clavicle and sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) at the initial visit were remarkable for a posterior dislocation of the clavicle. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the left clavicle and SCJ revealed that it was posteriorly displaced and edema was present at the fracture site. The physeal attachment to the manubrium was intact. Furthermore, the anterior portion of the clavicle was abutting the brachiocephalic and left subclavian vein (Figure 1). The patient was admitted and a closed reduction was attempted. Postoperatively, the patient developed paresthesia of the fingers of his left hand. An urgent CT scan with contrast was performed to evaluate any potential bleeding from the subclavian vessels. No active bleeding was discovered, however, a retrosternal hematoma with mass-effect on the adjacent vasculature was identified...
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...Health Care Management Issues | March 29 2013 | Medical errors and the quality problems to which they lead harm millions of Americans each year. If the errors reduce and improve quality substantially professionals must create systems and care processes that anticipate inevitable human errors and either prevent them or compensate for them before they cause harm. National surveys of registered nurses, physicians, and hospital executives document considerable concern about the U.S. nurse shortage. There were also many areas of divergent opinion within and among these groups, including the impact of the shortage on safety and early detection of patient complications. Healthcare providers need quick access to patient medical information whenever and wherever patients present for care. A system to standardize electronic medical records, such as the National health Information Infrastructure, would provide quick access to patient information. | HEALTH CARE | Health Care Management Issues There is now a robust evidence base in the quality improvement literature on process and outcomes, but structure has received considerably less attention. The health care field would benefit from expanding the current interpretation of structure to include broader perspectives on organizational attributes as primary determinates of process change and quality improvement. Solutions to the health care management issues dealing with the quality of care should be discuss with the following key...
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...This case study is of a male patient that was observed while interning at Action Potential Physical Therapy clinic. The patient was being seen for pain in his right shoulder and diagnosed with poor rotator cuff muscle strength. He was referred so that the physical therapist can help reduce his symptoms and get him back to his quality of life. Back in 2004 he had a rotator cuff repair and initially began receiving physical therapy. The patient however did not finish his treatment and always felt slight discomfort. It was not until recently that he began feeling more troubling and sharp pain in his shoulder. His symptoms have been chronic but mild, he did not seek out professional help until 2/7/17. He experienced discomfort when he slept on...
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...The n e w e ng l a n d j o u r na l of m e dic i n e clinical practice Rotator-Cuff Failure Frederick A. Matsen III, M.D. This Journal feature begins with a case vignette highlighting a common clinical problem. Evidence supporting various strategies is then presented, followed by a review of formal guidelines, when they exist. The article ends with the author’s clinical recommendations. A 63-year-old woman presents with a 2-year history of progressive weakness and discomfort in her right shoulder, especially when she puts dishes on the top shelf in her kitchen. She is otherwise healthy and has had no injuries. Her physician diagnosed “bursitis” and gave her four subacromial corticosteroid injections; the first two seemed to relieve her symptoms temporarily, but the last two were ineffective. Physical examination reveals some atrophy of the muscles of the right shoulder and weakness when her right arm is elevated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals a large defect in the rotator cuff. How should her case be managed? The Cl inic a l Probl e m From the Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2138-47. Copyright © 2008 Massachusetts Medical Society. The rotator cuff is a synthesis of the capsule of the glenohumeral joint with the tendons of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles (Fig. 1).1 The rotator-cuff mechanism precisely centers the humeral head by compressing...
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...2.1 Introduction This chapter will discuss on ergonomic risk factors for working at height that were found in previous studies. According to Min (2012), working at height is a place that a person could be injured when falling from it, even if it is at or below of ground level. Working at high level, means there are risks due to height from which a person may fall to the ground. In determining the distance that a person may fall, no obstruction that may delay or stop the fall unless there is no possibility of the fall continuing after the obstruction is reached. The consequences of not applying ergonomics or wrongly applying ergonomics may increase risks of ill-health and injury, dissatisfaction and discomfort to the workers. Besides that, many...
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...the age of 45. And with that often comes prescribed meds that may cause potentially harmful side effects. This article discusses a simple four ingredient tonic that may eliminate back pain, naturally. Article: Each year 13 million Americans visit the doctor for chronic back pain. While about 2.4 million are left chronically disabled, another 2.4 million are temporarily disabled. Back problems can affect the spine's flexibility, stability and strength, causing pain, discomfort, and stiffness. Before you resort to taking potentially dangerous NSAIDS, relaxants and...
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...most common type of arthritis and is associated with joint pain and reduced range of motion and quality of life. It is a vast, chronic condition which affects the weight bearing joints and involves biomechanical, morphologic and biochemical alterations of the matrix and cells of the bone. Common symptoms are pain in the affected joint area and loss of mobility however, structural changes may occur without any accompanying symptoms. In itself, OA is not a life threatening condition although it can affect considerably the quality of life. OA can be classified depending on the number of joints affected, the site which it affects and also the type. By type, one means whether it is inflammatory, generalised (affects many joints) or erosive (David & Lloyd, 1998). Osteoarthritis may also be divided into primary idiopathic or secondary. In primary OA there are no preceding injuries or trauma which could have caused it. The main cause is repetitive stress on the joint and cumulative changes to the joint surfaces. It is typically found in women over the age of forty five which repeatedly stress the same joints such as the knees and hips. Secondary OA, on the other hand, is caused by a previous condition, injury or disease. Injury to the joint, gout, rheumatoid arthritis and even obesity may eventually lead to the development of secondary OA (Koopman, 2000) Osteoarthritis Affecting the Knee Joint The knee is the most susceptible joint for development of osteoarthritis. As previously...
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...It impairs muscles, tissues, and joints, causing chronic pain, also called myofascial pain syndrome or fibromyositis. The pain spreads throughout the body leading to discomfort, affecting tendons, ligaments, and skeletal muscles. FM causes pain in the tender points of the body. The number of tender points that can be active at any one time may vary over time and can be impacted by certain circumstances, such as stress. The whole body suffers the ache including the shoulders, lower back, neck, knees, waist, and buttocks. In its development, FM moves throughout several parts of body. The pain is due to biological problems in the...
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...expansion level of wiped out clears out. 1.5 Significance Foundation of the demographic, way of life and co-grim components that are connected with low back agony can prompt better arranging and execution of precaution measures against low back torment among medical attendants. 1.6 Limitation This study is limited to students and faculty of institute of nursing DUHS. 1.7 Definition of the key terms Prevalence Prevalence is the total number of cases of a disease present in a given population at a specific time. The prevalence of lower back pain among the nurses was determined by the number of nurses affected by lower back pain per hundred nurses, in this...
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