...Julius Caesar When the name Julius Caesar is heard, it can only trigger the image of a great leader that led Rome into prosperity. Caesar's military excellence brought more power and more land; that lead to the increase of size and strength in Rome. His dictatorship helped the stability and prosperity in Rome. Caesar's assassination lead to a monarchy that was ruled by Octavin. His death lead to a domino effect ending in the ultimate collapse of the Roman Empire. Many people of the 21st century follow the path of Julius Caesar and try to be as great as he was. The assassination of Julius Caesar was a tragedy due to the contributions he made to Rome's prosperity during his life, and the chaos that occurred in Rome after his death. The contributions that Caesar made towards the strength of Rome's success, and the chaos and collapse of Rome after his death made the assassination of Julius Caesar a tragedy. Julius Caesar was assassinated by his own senate on March 15 44 BC; also known as the Ides of March. As he was walking in to the senate house, a man told him to beware the Ides of March. He ignored this statement and walked into the senate house. At this time some of the Senate members surrounded Caesar in a stealthy manner and tugged on his toga. As he looked around he was stabbed by many of the senate members multiple times. He collapsed to the ground and lay on the marble floor dead, next to the feet of Pompey's statue. (Nardo 94) Caesar's military eminence helped...
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...The Determined Dictator Julius Caesar has been quoted to have said, “I love the name of honor, more than I fear death” (“Julius Caesar Quotes”). That one quote tells a lot about Caesar’s attitude and his character. More than once, this determination to receive honor risked his life, but it also gained him many achievement that he has been remembered for for hundreds and hundreds of years. In the end, that same desire for honor cost him his life. Julius Caesar deserved the honor he received though. He was a self-made man who earned his respect and admiration by his own talents, wisdom, and strengths. (“Portrait”) William Shakespeare described him as a “General, Statesman, Dictator – the most famous Roman of them all” (“Julius Caesar”). Julius Caesar’s political statute, his military leadership, and his tragic assassination all reflected his desire to make a change in his country and his perseverance to achieve his goal. One area of Julius Caesar’s life where he persevered to make a change in Rome was his political statute. Julius Caesar was born in one hundred B.C. (“Portrait”). He was born into a patrician family (Crew). His father was a great politician and taught Julius as much as he could. Julius Caesar’s first job was a speaker in the Roman courts. He was very successful and eventually was elected to the office of praetor, or commanding officer of the army, which was the second ranked political office of his time (Crew). He was so popular among his peers that...
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...form of government and opened many minds to the sentiment that some individuals could be trusted with governance more than the current leaders who could be manipulated by the aristocracy. This paper will compare key players like Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus in their rise to power, as well as their importance in the events leading to the end of the republic government. The role of Mark Antony and Egyptian Queen Cleopatra will be examined in the events leading up to the battle that ended the republic and began the empire. Finally, the Roman Empire’s expansion north into Gaul, Germania, and Britain will be examined. Around 60bce, leaders like Pompey had had very successful campaigns outside of Italy that provided wealth and influence that held both military and diplomatic appeal. This was precisely the case with Pompey having gained wealth and the loyalty of a large army. Having operated independently from senate authority for many years, his return to Rome was rightly seen as a threat to the republic. At the same time, Julius Caesar emerged as a rising political figure that championed the cause of the populares, which lead to massive support of the people. Widespread popular support in turn gained political support as well. Julius Caesar’s ambitious political rise was limited only by money....
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...Julius Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman statesman, general and notable author of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. Born: July 13, 100 BC, Rome, Italy, Assassinated: March 15, 44 BC, Rome, Italy, Children: Augustus, Caesarion, Julia Caesaris, Movies: Caesar the Conqueror. The statesman and general Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.) expanded the Roman Republic through a series of battles across Europe before declaring himself dictator for life. He died famously on the steps of the Senate at the hands of political rivals. Julius Caesar is often remembered as one of the greatest military minds in history and credited with laying the foundation for the Roman Empire. Gaius Julius Caesar, one of...
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...Have you ever met a leader that is greatly appreciated yet has to make irresistible sacrifices in order to please his people? Julius Caesar is an incredible war leader who has many good characteristics. However, Caesar has refused the crown of Rome in order to keep Rome a republic. Everybody loved Caesar except for a few people who managed to change others viewpoints of him. Even though Caesar may convert Rome to a Dictatorship he is a phenomenal leader because he is undefeated in war and is loved by most of Rome. Julius Caesar was loved by everyone at a point in time. He loved Rome and was the most loyal to it. Caesar kept declining the crown of Rome which if he would have accepted it, Rome would have become a dictatorship, which many Romans feared. “I thrice presented him a kingly crown,/ Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition?” (III.II.98-99) stated Antony. Brutus believe that Caesar was ambitious, and Brutus was an honorable man. Caesar was a fantastic Roman senator and war leader. Julius Caesar has never lost a war in his entire career. Caesar just recently returned back to Rome in triumph after a successful military campaign against...
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...Caesar Summary Option K Rome: Julius Caesar Principal Focus: Students gain an understanding of Julius Caesar in the context of his time. Students learn about: 1 Historical context – geography, topography and resources of Rome and provinces – overview of Roman political and social structures – overview of significant political and military developments 2 Background and rise to prominence – his family background and position – his education, early life and ambitions – paths to power: priesthoods; Marian connections; political alliances and marriages – early political career to 60 BC 3 Career – role in First Triumvirate – Gallic Wars: campaigns and tactics, siege of Alesia – relationship with his army – relationship with the Senate – role in the Civil War – political supporters and enemies – personal relationships: Julia, Cleopatra VII, Brutus, Mark Antony, Cicero – impact of personality on career; significance of his writings – dictatorship: policies and reforms – assassination: motives, manner and impact of his death 4 Evaluation – impact and influence on his time – assessment of his life and career – legacy – ancient and modern images and interpretations of Julius Caesar. 1. Historical Context Geography, topography and resources of Rome and provinces Geography and topography • Most of Italy is...
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...Julius Caesar One of the most influential political and military leaders in global history, Gaius Julius Caesar helped establish the vast empire ruled by Rome. Gaius Julius Caser was born in the year of 100 BC into a patrician family. At the time of his birth, Rome was still a republic and the empire was only really just beginning. The senators ruled, motivated by the greed of power in the hope of becoming, either, a consul or a praetor, the two senior posts which carried emporium, the legal right to command an army. From these posts it was possible to, with the help of an army at your command, conquer new territories and in turn, gain triumph and the pleasure of knowing that your name will be remembered forever in statues and inscribed monuments, paid for by the spoils of war. To obtain distinction for himself and his family, Caesar sought election to public office. In 86 BC, Caesar was appointed flamen dialis with the help of his uncle by marriage, Gaius Marius. (Billows). In 84 BC Caesar married Cornelia, daughter of Lucious Cornelius Cinna. (Billows). In 82 BC Caesar was ordered to divorce his wife by Lucious Cornelius Sulla, an enemy of the radicals. (Billows). Caesar traveled to Rhodes in 78 BC to study rhetoric and did not return until 73 BC. (Billows). During his journey to Rhodes pirates managed to capture him. Caesar convinced his captors to raise his ransom, which increased his prestige. He then raised a naval force, overcame his captors, and had them crucified...
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...Introduction Julius Caesar's military prowess helped Rome prosper into one of the greatest and most memorable civilisations known throughout history. His successful campaigns led to Rome’s growth in size, wealth and power. His victories in Gaul, Germany and Britain were some of Caesar’s greatest achievements, and is considered "the most powerful national leader in history"(Nardo) because of his conquests. He used his appointment to further his military prestige, increase the reputation, might and strength of Rome as well as increase Rome’s vast wealth in land, minerals and resources. However it could be argued that some of his expeditions, such as Britain, did not help the Republic, but rather wasted its time and resources. Gaul Caesar’s campaigns in Gaul between 58 – 50 BC was the perfect way to increase his reputation and prestige in Rome. In 58BC...
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...In his first consulship, his re-institution of the plebian tribunates and council later proved to be valuable to Julius Caesar. As Caesar was popular amongst the common people while being feared by the optimates and senate, it was invaluable for Caesar because it allowed him to pass laws favorable to him. The plebian council allowed him to gain control over France and legal immunity for 10 years. This power was the major reason for the start of the civil war with Pompey and therefore, Pompey’s decision to give more power to plebian offices played a major role in his death and Caesar’s rise. The land distribution bill that Pompey helped pass also allowed soldiers to become loyal to their generals over Rome, similar to what Marius did many years before Pompey and Caesar. In addition, Pompey’s political influence in the triumvirate helped tremendously in getting Caesar elected consul in the first place. Without Pompey, Caesar might not have been able to even be elected consul, and certainly wouldn’t have been able to amass such a large army and so much power. As such, Pompey had a lasting...
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...Napoleon Notes Napoleon’s early career… -Napoleons rise to power- Early Military Career the Egyptian Campaign: Napoleon grew up in Corsica, speaking Italian He went to military school in France at the age of 16 I798 He was defeated by a British navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson (Napoleon’s enemy in the water) -The Rosetta Stone- It helped us to understand and translate hieroglyphics This is considered one of the greatest cultural discoveries in history -Napoleon as “First Consul”- With the government in disarray, Napoleon launched a successful coup d’état on NOVEMBER 9th 1799 (he took power) He proclaimed himself, “First Consul” {Julius Caesar’s title} and did away with the elected Assembly {appointing a Senate instead} Two years later he proclaimed himself “emperor” Napoleon crowned himself emperor in 1804 -Code Napoleon (Napoleonic Code) 1804- Its purpose was to reform the French legal code to reflect the principles of the French Revolution Created one law code for France This is what Napoleon is most proud of -Louisiana Purchase 1803- $15,000,000 France sold a large amount of land to the U.S. for $15 million (West of the Mississippi River) It transformed the U.S. and enriched the French government Emperor Napoleon I… -Napoleon’s Major Military Campaigns- 1805 France and Britain fight for Sea Power called the Battle of Trafalgar Napoleon looses to the guy he just can’t beat, Horatio Nelson -The...
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...living sister, Arsinoe. In Syria, Cleopatra raised an army of mercenaries to retaliate against her brother and his advisors. She was determined to get back her power and be restored to the throne. Her determination and bravery would prove successful. A year later in 48 BC, Cleopatra returned to Egypt with her army prepared to face Ptolemy XII at Pelusium. Only a great female leader like Cleopatra would be able to not only successfully win a war for the throne against her own brother, but would devise a cunning strategy that would make it impossible for her not to win . While she was determined to take back her rightful place on the throne, she could not simply stroll into Alexandria without consequence. Cleopatra knew she needed help and knew exactly how to get it. While Cleopatra was exiled, Julius Caesar was in serious war in Rome. He came to Egypt in search of his enemy, Pompey. Ptolemy XII beheaded Caesar’s enemy in attempt to gain his favor, but that only angered him. Caesar seized Alexandria and resided in their Royal Palace. Cleopatra had heard of this news and using her intelligence, she devised a plan to stealthily gain entrance into the Royal Palace to meet with Caesar. It is said that Cleopatra was rolled into a carpet and delivered to Julius Caesar as a gift. However, it is more likely she was placed in a sack or hidden in bed coverings. Regardless of what she was hidden in, Cleopatra was successfully able to sneak into the palace and present herself before Caesar. He was...
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...Julius Caesar full title · The Tragedy of Julius Caesar author · William Shakespeare type of work · Play genre · Tragic drama, historical drama language · English time and place written · 1599, in London date of first publication · Published in the First Folio of 1623, probably from the theater company’s official promptbook rather than from Shakespeare’s manuscript publisher · Edward Blount and William Jaggard headed the group of five men who undertook the publication of Shakespeare’s First Folio narrator · None climax · Cassius’s death (V.iii), upon ordering his servant, Pindarus, to stab him, marks the point at which it becomes clear that the murdered Caesar has been avenged, and that Cassius, Brutus, and the other conspirators have lost in their attempt to keep Rome a republic rather than an empire. Ironically, the conspirators’ defeat is not yet as certain as Cassius believes, but his death helps bring about defeat for his side. protagonists · Brutus and Cassius antagonists · Antony and Octavius setting (time) · 44 b.c. setting (place) · Ancient Rome, toward the end of the Roman republic point of view · The play sustains no single point of view; however, the audience acquires the most insight into Brutus’s mind over the course of the action falling action · Titinius’ realization that Cassius has died wrongly assuming defeat; Titinius’ suicide; Brutus’s discovery of the two corpses; the final struggle between Brutus’s men and the troops...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY Inter-Testament Period Paper A RESEARCH PAPER SUBMITTED TO DR. DEREK R. BROWN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE NBST 525 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY Donald Reul LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA November 1, 2012 Contents Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………. 1 Alexander the Great ……………………………………………………………………. 1 Dividing the Empire…………………………………………………………………… 4 Ptolemaic Dynasty ……………………………………………………………………. 4 Seleucid Dynasty …………………………………………………………………….. 6 Antiochus Epiphanies ………………………………………………………………. 8 Maccabean Period …………………………………………………………………… 10 Mattathias ………………………………………………………………….. 10 Jonathan ……………………………………………………………………. 12 Simon ……………………………………………………………………….. 13 John Hyrcanus ……………………………………………………………… 14 Aristoblus ……………………………………………………………………. 15 Alexander Jannaeus …………………………………………………………. 16 Aristobulus II ………………………………………………………………… 17 The Roman Period ……………………………………………………………………. 18 Antipater II …………………………………………………………………… 18 Phasael ………………………………………………………………………. 19 Herod the Great ……………………………………………………………… 19 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………….. 21 Introduction Gaining insights into the “Inter-Testament Period” provides New Testament readers with a heightened perception of the world into which Jesus came. The interval between the final words spoken by Malachi and the New Testament narrative has often been referred to as the “four hundred silent years”. It...
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...A STUDY OF FULVIA by Allison Jean Weir A thesis submitted to the Department of Classics In conformity with the requirements for The degree of Master of Arts Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada December 2007 copyright © Allison Jean Weir 2007 Abstract Who was Fulvia? Was she the politically aggressive and dominating wife of Mark Antony as Cicero and Plutarch describe her? Or was she a loyal mother and wife, as Asconius and Appian suggest? These contrasting accounts in the ancient sources warrant further investigation. This thesis seeks to explore the nature of Fulvia’s role in history to the extent that the evidence permits. Fulvia is most famous for her activities during Antony’s consulship (44 BC) and his brother Lucius Antonius’ struggle against C. Octavian in the Perusine War (41-40 BC). But there is a discrepancy among the authors as to what extent she was actually involved. Cicero, Octavian and Antony, who were all key players in events, provide their own particular versions of what occurred. Later authors, such as Appian and Dio, may have been influenced by these earlier, hostile accounts of Fulvia. This is the first study in English to make use of all the available evidence, both literary and material, pertaining to Fulvia. Modern scholarship has a tendency to concentrate almost exclusively on events towards the end of Fulvia’s life, in particular the Perusine War, about which the evidence is much more abundant in later sources such as Appian and...
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...HUM 1000: WORLD CIVILIZATIONS NOTES BY DR. KAKAI P.W THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF CIVILIZATION IN AFRICA Definition of key terms As we begin this course, it is crucial to first discuss our understanding of the concept ‘civilization’. This is a comparative term which is usually applied in comparison to such words as ‘barbarian’ ‘savage’ and ‘primitive’. In classical antiquity the Europeans used the word ‘barbarian’ to refer to a foreigner who was regarded as inferior (Ogutu and Kenyanchui, An Introduction To African History, 1991 p33). Do you think this is still the way we use the word barbarian? The Latin speakers referred to hunters, food-gatherers as savage. In the 17th century this term ‘savage’ referred to a person without art, literacy, or society who lived in fear of existence and death. ‘Primitive’ on the other hand, in Latin meant ‘the first or original’. Europeans used these words interchangeably when referring to non-Europeans while the word civilization was preserved to describe historical developments of European people (ibid). Now the term civilization is no longer confined to the above development but also extends reference to non-European communities. Attributes of civilization includes observance to law, belonging to an organized society, having a society of literate people with advanced developments in urbanization, agriculture, commerce, arts and technology. The French thinkers of the 18th century referred to a person of the arts and literature...
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