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K12 Education System

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A Policy Paper in PA 241(Public Policy and Program Administration)
An Analysis of the Policy:
K-12 Education Program
Submitted to:
PROF. RODRIGO B. GIDUCOS, MPA
Instructor
Submitted by:
HELEN GRACE A. DE JUSTOELMAR JOHN O. DIGAL GLENNE B. LAGURA
“academe group”
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES
COLLEGE OF GOVERNANCE BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
Master of Public Administration
March 31, 2012
Genne B. Lagura http://dnsc.academia.edu/ennelgArugal Page | 2
I.

Background
Enhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgentand critical. Due to that, one of the discussions of DepEd which incurredlast October 2010 is to enhance the basic education program of thecountry in a manner that is least disruptive to the current curriculum,most affordable to government and families, and aligned withinternational practice through the K-12 policy. The poor quality of basic education is reflected in the low achievementscores of Filipino students. Many students who finish basic education donot possess sufficient mastery of basic competencies. One reason is thatstudents do not get adequate instructional time or time on task. This quality of education is reflected in the inadequate preparation of high school graduates for the world of work or entrepreneurship orhigher education. High school graduates also do not possess the basiccompetencies or emotional maturity essential for the world of work.
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While the availability of economic opportunities contributes to this, italso illustrates the mismatch in the labor and education markets. TheWorld Bank Philippines Skills Report in 2009 reveals, based on a survey of employers, serious gaps in critical skills of graduates such as problem-solving, initiative and creativity, and, to a lesser extent, gaps in jobspecific technical skills. The enhanced K-12 program, or the Department of Education’s(DepEd) proposal to overhaul the basic and secondary educationcurriculum by adding two more years to the system is arguably one of the most drastic and controversial programs of the Aquinoadministration. The program is proposed to start in school year 2012-2013 for Grade 1 and first year high school students with the target of full implementation by SY 2018-2019.According to SEAMEO Innotech 2011, which is considered as thepreferred education solutions provider in Southeast Asia and also an ISO9001: 2008 Certified, the Philippine is the last country in Asia and one of only three countries in the world with a 10-year pre-university program. The K-12 model to be implemented in the country is an educationalsystem for basic and secondary education patterned after the United
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DepEd discussion paper, “The Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program “, 05 October 2010.

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States, Canada, and some parts of Australia. The current basiceducation system is also an archetype of American schooling but with a10-year cycle.DepEd reasons that it is high time to adopt a K-12 system, attributingthe low achievement scores and poor quality of basic education to thepresent school setup. Following wide protests over the proposal, thedepartment released its official position defending K-12.
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We need to add two years to our basic education, those who can afford pay up to fourteen years of schooling before university. Thus, their children are getting into the best universities and the best jobs after graduation. I want at least 12 years for our public school children to give them an even chance at succeeding.” quoted from the statement of HisExcellency President Benigno S. Aquino III.K-12 has been met with criticism from youth and student groups,teachers, parents and the academic community. The DepEd, for its part,appears determined to enact the program with its proposed budgetcatering mostly to preparing the grounds for its eventual implementation. The DepEd argues that the K-12 program will be the solution to yearly basic education woes and the deteriorating quality of education.Critics, however, counteract that the education crisis needs to beaddressed more fundamentally and adding more school years would only exacerbate the situation.With the proposed policy K-12 program, various arguments andcriticisms were formulated. Different conditions generate differentassumptions, which in turn create different policies. The success of any policy depends on the correctness of its policy assumptions.
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Taking this fact into consideration, questions take place, shouldpolicy assumptions be made based on current realities? Or should policy be based on policy conditions as expected to happen, but which may notexist by the time the policy implementation was started? The below mentioned problems are just some of the queries wherenecessary answers are in need to be sought in order to satisfy
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Sarah Katrina Maramag, “Is the K-12 model good for the Philippine Education System?”, PhilippineOnline Chronicles, May 2011. 3
Junifen F. Gauuan, “K+12 Policy Framework: Pessimistic, Optimistic or Realistic?”, 26 March 2011.

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