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Kamal Ismail

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Muhammad Kamal bin Ismail
MC244S5A
2013916883 1 CONCENTRATION OF OWNERSHIP AND CONGLOMERATION AFFECTING
MEDIA PLURALISM AND MEDIA ECONOMCS IN MALAYSIA.
Media ownership occurs mostly in developed countries around the world, whereby lesser individuals or organizations regulate the shares of the mass media
(McEwan, 2007). The concentration of media ownership and conglomeration has said to alter the truthfulness of media delivering information to people. In the United
States, there are eight major corporations that controls the broadcast and cable networks (Steiner, 2015). Among the corporations are News Corporation, The Walt
Disney Company, National Amusements, Comcast, Time Warner, Discovery
Communications, E. W. Scripps Company, and Cablevision.
The scenario is criticized to affect media pluralism and media economics. In
2012, a global performance-management consulting company, Gallup, Inc. has conducted a poll on American trust in the mass media. The result shows that the
American distrust in the mass media had increased, with 60% of the respondents saying “have little or no trust in the mass media to report the news fully, accurately, and fairly” (Morales, 2012).
According to Valcke, Sukosd, & Picard (2016), media pluralism is derived from the word ‘plural’, which defined as an unclear measurable concept indicating the existence of diversity, and plurality itself shows a state of being various. Media pluralism therefore is a system where media outlets, organizations, and services are exist in a wide range in reflecting various perspectives and interaction for the audience to consume media content (Klimkiewicz, 2011).
The dissemination of output by media firms contributes to the media economics.
However, Doyle (2013) stated that media economics is not only limited to that.
“Media economics, then, is concerned with a range of issues

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