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Kansas City

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Financial Accounting
July 2012
Session 3
Kansas City Zephyrs and
Inventories
Jacob Cohen
MIT Sloan School of Management

1

Kansas City Zephyrs – Setting I

Kansas City Zephyrs – Setting II

What are the owners’ incentives?

What are the players’ incentives?

Kansas City Zephyrs – Discussion

Take-Away slide I

Kansas City Zephyrs

• A case where financial statements are used to resolve an internal dispute
• Distinct from Shrek 2, which focused on the effect of accounting choices on external stakeholders (in particular, shareholders).

Take-Away slide II
The role of incentives
• Whether the cup is half-full or half-empty depends on the incentives. • “No one ever said accounting is an exact science”
The role of judgment
• Timing decisions that affect revenue/expense recognition
• Which decision you take depends on the objective

Public vs. private accounting
• When reporting to the public, a firm must follow GAAP.
• In resolving internal disputes this may not always be true.

Inventory

7

Overview
In today’s class we will cover inventories:


Understanding the Inventory Equation



LIFO and FIFO cost-flow assumptions



LIFO tax conformity rule



Inventory accounting: IFRS vs. GAAP



Disclosures regarding cost flow assumptions

8

Two Main Issues
Inventory accounting has two fundamental components:
1) Product Costing Decision:
What costs are included in each product's inventory account?
(Product costing is discussed in depth in managerial accounting).
2) Cost Flow Decision (LIFO/FIFO):
Once costs are in the inventory account (i.e., on the Balance Sheet), when are costs transferred to the Income Statement?

9

Inventory Account

Beginning inventory
+ Additions
– Cost of goods sold
_________________________
Ending Inventory

10

Coke’s Financial Statements

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