...Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/HCR-220/HCR-220-Week-9-Final-Project-How-HIPAA-Violations-Affect-the-Medical-Billing-Process Part One: Resources:Appendix A, Appendix C, and Table 8.3 on pp. 258–259 of Medical Insurance Refer toTable 8.3 on pp. 258–259 of your text to complete the CMS-1500 form, located in Appendix C, according to the following case study: A 67-year-old Medicare patient presents to the office, exhibiting symptoms of HIV infection. After detailed examination, symptoms are determined to be advanced AIDS with manifestation of Kaposi’s sarcoma and other opportunistic infections. Name: James Brown Account Number: 080811 Insurer: Medicare Policy Number: 1098765 ID number: 12345678910 DOB: 02/01/1940 Gender: Male Insured: James Brown Address: 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. Wash. D.C. 60000 Marital Status: Widowed Patient’s Employer: Retired Nature of Condition: HIV, AIDS, Kaposi’s sarcoma Date of Illness: 06/01/2007 Referring Physician: Thomas Glassman, M.D. Physician ID: 1080808080 Federal Tax ID: 5551116679 Dates of Service: 06/01/2007, 06/15/2007, 07/07/2007, 08/01/2007 Procedure: Detailed examination, screening blood panel, pathology services Patient Signature Include ICD (categories only), CPT, HCPCS, and insurance information. If you believe there is insufficient information provided to fill a required field with data, indicate this by typing N/A. Post the completed CMS-1500 form as an attachment. Final Project: How HIPAA...
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...Kaposi sarcoma is a tumor cause by human herpes virus, also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus. It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872. It became more widely known as one of the Aids-defining illnesses in the 1980s. The viral cause for this cancer was discovered in 1994. Although KS is now well-established to be caused by a viral infection, there is a widespread lack of awareness of this even among persons at risk for KSHV/HHV-8 infection. Kaposi’s sarcoma is a systemic disease that can present with cutaneous lesions with or without internal involvement. Four subtypes have been described: Classic KS, affecting middle aged men of Mediterranean and Jewish descent; African endemic KS; KS in iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients; and Aids-related K. The erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesions seen in the KS have several morphologies; macular, patch, plaque, nodular, and exophytic. The cutaneous lesions can be solitary, localized or disseminated. KS can involve the oral cavity, lymph nodes, and viscera. Classic KS tends to be indolent, presenting with erythematous or violaceous patches on the lower extremities. African endemic KS and AIDS- related KS tend to be more aggressive. The Aids-related KS lesions often rapidly progress to plaques and nodules affecting the upper trunk, face, and oral mucosa. The diagnosis can be made with a tissue biopsy and, if clinically indicated, internal...
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...Melissa Ruiz Biology Review Rasmussen College 10/07/2011 1. Describe the interdependency of structure and function in the human body. Physiology depends on anatomy; anatomy is study of the structures in the body, physiology is the study of the functions of those structures. In other words, without structure there is no function. Physiology depends on anatomy, the operation or function of a structure is dictated by its anatomy. Anatomy and physiology are really inseparable because function always reflects structure. For example, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged across the thin membranes of the lungs but not across the skin. (Marieb and Hoehn, 2010, page 3) 2. Describe the three patterns of chemical reactions. Synthesis reaction is when atoms or molecules combine to form a larger, more complex molecule. It always involves bond formation and can be represented as A+B→AB. This is the basis of constructive activities in body cells. Amino acids are joined together to form a protein molecule. Decomposition reaction occurs when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules. It can be represented as AB→A+B. Decomposition reactions are the reverse of synthesis reactions. This underlies all degradative processes in body cells. Bonds are broken in larger molecules, resulting in smaller, less complex molecules. Glycogen is broken down to release glucose units. Exchange reactions involve both synthesis and decomposition. Bonds are both made and broken, which...
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...angiosarcoma - AIIS is the origin of Rectus Femoris - Anakinra is an IL-1 antagonist used as Tx of RA - Etaneracept and Adalimumab block TNF alpha in the Tx of RA - TOC for PVNS is total synovectomy - Joint motion improves chondrocyte nutrition - Synovial Chondromatosis is a benign metaplastic process of joints that leads to stippled calcifications and loose bodies - If PE is irradiated in air, catastrophic failure and delamination occur - Osteocalcin is the most abundant non collagenous protein in bone - High Rates of Telomerase results in increased recurrence rates in patients with chondrosarcoma - X linked hypophosphatemic rickets caused by mutation in the PEX gene; MHE caused by defects in the EXT-1 or 2 genes - Synovial Sarcoma a/w translocation of X;18, Ewings with t(11;22) - Tumor related Osteolysis is mediated by the RANKL pathway - After IMN of pathologic fracture secondary to mets, Radiation to the entire bone is warranted (NOT just the initial tumor site) - Skin manifestations (rash…) are common in Eosinophilic Granuloma - The mechanical properties of viscoelastic structures such as tendons depend on the rate of the applied load - isotropic...
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...Introduction Dr. Kenneth Friedman a licensed dermal pathologist founded Bethesda Dermatopathology Lab back in 1986. He along with 2 other dermal pathologists worked on about 12 cases a week, Today the roster has grown to 7 dermal pathologists, and over 1500 cases a week. According to the BDL website, our 24-hour facility specializes in the diagnosis of skin, hair, nails, and the oral cavity. We have 30 employees, and 7 certified pathologists, who are very skilled and knowledgeable in dermal pathology. Our clients consist of over 50 physician offices, stretching from California to Washington, D.C.; who send us biopsy specimens in need of a diagnosis, or professional opinion. Physicians repeatedly choose BDL, over competitors like LabCorp or Quest Diagnostics because not only are we specialized in dermal pathology and diagnosing ailments of the skin, hair, nails, and oral cavities; but because many of our dermal pathologists have a personal and professional relationship with the referring physician. The relationship between BDL’s pathologist and our referring physician is vital in obtaining our customers and the retention of our customers. BDL is made up of three departments transcription, the laboratory, and the billing department. Over the past few years, our success has come from the reliable expertise, efficient work time, and accurate diagnosis that our company delivers; recently our company has been receiving numerous complaints due to the unprofessional, unreliable, and ineffectiveness...
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...A Universal Fight On April 24, 1980, Ken Horne was reported to the Center for Disease Control. He was suffering from Kaposi’s sarcoma of the skin and Cryptococcus, both of which are very rare. At the end of 1981, 121 people had died from a mysterious disease similar to Horne’s. Rumors of a disease that attacked homosexual men spread across the country until the disease proved to spread among heterosexual as well as homosexual partners. On July 27, 1982, the term “Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)” was proposed in Washington. Today, this is a term we all recognize and fear, but many people do not truly understand the real complexity of the issue or how it spreads and develops. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus, meaning it is an RNA virus that undergoes a process called “reverse transcriptase.” This process creates a complementary strand for the RNA, together making a double-stranded line of DNA that is then inserted into the host’s genome. However, in the process of creating a complementary strand, the virus often makes small mistakes. These small mistakes are genetic mutation of the virus, leading to countless strains of the same basic virus and diminishing the hope of one overall cure. Misconceptions or ignorance of HIV and its consequences result in dramatic spread of the virus. It is common knowledge that HIV is sexually transmitted, but not quite as commonly understood that it can be spread by blood contact. Many places in the world...
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...Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is defined as the most severe form of an illness associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. HIV is caused by retrovirus. It is similar to other viruses such as the flu virus, but the only difference is that once a person gets in contact with retrovirus the person is infected with HIV for the rest of their life. The virus spreads when in it comes in contact with human tissue. The virus infects human CD4 cell and weakens the immune system that fights against infection. There is no cure for AIDS /HIV but there are medications to slow the progression of the disease. “HIV can be prevented by screening before pregnancy, protected sex, use of sterile syringes or needles, and screening of blood before transfusion” (Daar &Mark, 2012). A person infected with HIV develops flu-like symptoms within a month or two after the virus enters the body. These symptoms may last for several months to several years till person becomes symptomatic. The early symptoms are swollen lymph glands mainly on neck ulcers on the mouth or genitals, sore throat, and joint pain. The HIV infection, if not treated, can progress to AIDS in about 10 years. The clinical manifestations of AIDS may affect other organs in the system, including more serious infections, fatigue, fever, diarrhea, weight loss, fungal infection of nails and malignancies (Daar & Marks, 2012). Epidemiology evidence indicates that HIV is transmitted through blood, body fluid, seminal...
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...peritoneal, or pleural effusions | * Infection * Recent surgery * Impaired renal failure * Recent radio therapy * Pregnancy * Bone marrow depression | * Administer vesicants only if you are highly knowledgeable with the drug. * Prepare in accordance with the manufacturer instruction * Avoid using the vein * Begin at the most distal site * D/C if suspected of extravasation | Drugs | Classification of drugs | Mechanism of action | Indication | Contraindication | Intervention | Dactinomycin(actinomycin-D)Cosmegen | >Antibiotic antineoplastics | Interfere with DNA synthesis by binding to DNA prevent RNA synthesis. | To treat erwing’s sarcoma, gestational trophoblastic or whilm’s tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma, sarcoma botryoides, and testicular cancer tumors.To treat erwing’s sarcoma and sarcoma botryoides | * Infection * Recent surgery * Impaired renal failure * Recent radio therapy * Pregnancy * Bone marrow depression | * Administer vesicants only if you are highly knowledgeable with the drug. * Prepare in accordance with the manufacturer instruction * Avoid using the vein * Begin at the most distal site * D/C if suspected of extravasation | Drugs | Classification of drugs | Mechanism of action | Indication | Contraindication | Intervention | Doxorubicin hydrochlorideAdriamycin PFS,Adriamycin RDF, Rubex | >Antibiotic antineoplastics | Interfere with DNA synthesis by binding to DNA prevent RNA synthesis | To treat acute...
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...HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus Suanchirae Williams Devry Unviersity BIO 260 Professor Daudi Langat Suanchirae Williams Devry Unviersity BIO 260 Professor Daudi Langat INTRODUCTION Growing up my little brother was the man of our house, a household of seven with my little brother being the only boy, such a heavy burden on such small shoulders. It seemed to be a role that he just woke up one day and assumed he needed to fill. My mother was a single mother of six children so she worked long hours every day which left me, being the oldest, as the secondary mother. It seemed to become my role as caregiver and my little brother, who is almost 5 yrs. younger than me, the protector. As we all grew up and started branching off into our own little worlds my little brother became a more private person. It was a surprise in late 2005 when he brought home a girl and announced her as his girlfriend and that he loved her. She was a great girl we all took a shine to her and welcomed her into our family. After a few months this new girlfriend decided it was time for us all to have a family meeting, there was something that she felt she needed to share with us all before anything more happened with her and my brother. She sat us all down and started to explain her family to us ending with her...
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...be cured and if not cured how well is it managed, We will also look at the beginning of the diseases life, what demographics are the most affected, the future of the disease and how much as a global community we have spent to combat (HIV). History (HIV) was first clinically observed in its most advanced form as Autoimmune Deficiency Syndrome better known as (AIDS) IN 1981. The first cases were a cluster of people who were using drugs intravenously and gay men with no known causes of impaired immunity showed symptoms of a rare and opportunistic pneumonia infection that presents itself when the immune system is compromised. Not too long after gay men started to develop Kaposi’s sarcoma a rare form of skin cancer. There were starting to be more and more cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma and pneumonia popping up all over the country. The spike in cases caused the Center for Disease Control (CDC) to form a task force. In the beginning the (CDC) did not have a name for the disease, the (CDC) often referred to it by associated diseases for example, lympadenopathy the original name of (HIV). The general media had coined the term GRID which stood for Gay Related Immunodeficiency Disease. The (CDC) had used the term the 4H disease, The (CDC) came up with this name by assessing the demographics that were most affected by the disease. Those four groups were the, Haitians, homosexuals, heroin users, and hemophiliacs. Origin The disease is believed...
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...People with advanced HIV infection are vulnerable to infections and malignancies that are called 'opportunistic infections' because they take advantage of the opportunity offered by a weakened immune system. A partial list of the world's most common HIV-related opportunistic infections and diseases includes: Bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis, MAC, bacterial pneumonia and septicaemia (blood poisoning) Protozoal diseases such as toxoplasmosis, microsporidiosis, cryptosporidiosis, isopsoriasis and leishmaniasis Fungal diseases such as PCP, candidiasis, cryptococcosis and penicilliosis Viral diseases such as those caused by cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex and herpes zoster virus HIV-associated malignancies such as Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Different conditions typically occur at different stages of HIV infection. In early HIV disease people can develop tuberculosis, malaria, bacterial pneumonia, herpes zoster, staphylococcal skin infections and septicaemia. These are diseases that people with normal immune systems can also get, but with HIV they occur at a much higher rate. It also takes longer for a person with HIV to recover than it takes for someone with a healthy immune system. When the immune system is very weak due to advanced HIV disease or AIDS, opportunistic infections such as PCP, toxoplasmosis and cryptococcosis develop. Some infections can spread to a number of different organs, which is known as 'disseminated' or 'systemic'...
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...Immune system First vaccine developed was for ____________________________ External Innate defenses or Surface barriers Internal Nonspecific defense (Innate Defense) 1. White blood cells - Phagocytic Cells – - NK Cells – 2. Antimicrobial proteins - interferons - complement proteins - interleukins and cytokines 3. Inflammation – 4. Lymph, spleen and tonsils Specific Immune Responses (Adaptive Immunity) • You actually are responding to antigens, not the entire pathogen • An antigen is Antigen Presenting Cells (APC) • One’s own cells are marked with a unique set of proteins called MHC (self) proteins • A macrophage or dendritic cell engulfs the pathogen and displays the antigen with its own MHC proteins • All specific immune responses begin when the APC displays the MHC/antigen complex to a helper T cell The Two Branches of the Adaptive Immune System: Antibody-Mediated (Humoral) vs. Cell-Mediated Antibody – Mediated Immunity (Humoral Immunity) • Antibodies are Y shaped proteins that travel in body fluids and hook up to cells w/the specific antigen. They antibody/antigen complex: Cell-mediated immunity Response begins when an APC presents the MHC-antigen complex to a specific helper-T cell. Vaccination...
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...200 due to being destroyed, HIV has progressed to AIDS. There are many factors that can dictate the speed of progression from HIV to AIDS. Some examples of these factors are nutrition, age, genetic background, antiretroviral therapy (ART), infections, and HIV subtype. Research has shown that there are certain infections, cancers, and pathogens that are more prevalent and have a higher occurrence in the AIDS patients. Malignancies such as Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Burkitt’s lymphoma, and Kaposi’s sarcoma have a high incidence rate in a person with AIDS. With the weakened immune system, the individual has a higher risk of contracting tuberculosis, hepatitis C, pneumonia, and other bacterial infections. Lymphomas are common because they originate in the cells of the immune system and then spread to other parts of the body. The already weakened immune system cannot fight off the infections or cancers. The most common cancer associated with HIV/AIDS is Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Prior to HIV/AIDS, Kaposi sarcoma was a rare cancer that was seen in the extremities of older men of Mediterranean descent. (Macher, 1988) KS produces lesions on the body that can range in color from brown to purple. These lesions are seen on the extremities, head, neck, and mouth. Once considered a death sentence, HIV or AIDS is now considered a chronic illness because of widespread availability of life-extending medications in the United States (Kirton, 2011). The use Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been a major...
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...Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease of the human immune system caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus . During the initial infection, a person may experience a brief period of influenza-like illness. This is typically followed by a prolonged period without symptoms. As the illness progresses, it interferes more and more with the immune system, making the person much more likely to get infections, including opportunistic infections and tumors that do not usually affect people who have working immune systems. HIV is transmitted primarily via unprotected sexual intercourse, contaminated blood transfusions, hypodermic needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. Prevention of HIV infection, primarily through safe sex and needle-exchange programs, is a key strategy to control the spread of the disease. There is no cure or vaccine; however, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy. While antiretroviral treatment reduces the risk of death and complications from the disease, these medications are expensive and may be associated with side effects. Genetic research indicates that HIV originated in west-central Africa during the early twentieth century. AIDS was first recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause—HIV infection—was identified in the early part of the decade. Since its...
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...secretions, or by indirect contact i.e. when the pathogen is transferred to host by fomite or vector. Droplet transmission is another form of direct contact transmission where the pathogen is transmitted in droplet form from the respiratory tract through the air by coughing sneezing or talking. The third element is a susceptible host: This is someone who is at the risk of infection especially a person with a compromised immune system (Gladwin, & Trattler, 2011). 2. Explain what can make a potential host susceptible to infection. A compromised immune system i.e. the body does not have the ability to defend against pathogens. People with AIDS have a compromised immune system causing then to be open to opportunistic infections like Kaposi's sarcoma virus. The age of host is important also. The very young and the very old are usually more susceptible to diseases than older children and young adults .When...
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