...QUESTION 1: Define kinesics. Explain in detail how it can act as a barrier in communication. ANSWER1: KINESICS- Kinesics or body language is the branch of communication that deals with body language. It includes head and facial expression, gestures like eye contact, smile etc; posture; the dressing sense; grooming and the presentable personality in totality. Positive body language helps whereas negative has a bad impression on business dealings. Kinesics is used for selection purposes during interviews and also during business dealings. It helps by giving involuntary signals. The body constantly sends signals to receivers even if we do not intend it. So long as there are people watching us, body language continuously transfers messages. The sender and the receiver understand the meanings of these movements in the particular cultural environment that they share. The body movements are often determined by internal psychological stimuli like emotions, feelings, etc. Emotions like anger. Restlessness, joy, sadness or dejection find expression more by body language than by its verbal counterpart. Body language is a good gauge to measure the psychological disposition of a person. FOR EXAMPLE- The silent films of Charlie Chaplin could convey so much by the deft use of body language. The disadvantage of body language is that it is indicative and cannot be relied upon fully, since there may be gross misunderstanding of gestures. Even then, ...
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...1. If students sit in the same classroom, read the same assignments, and hear the same lectures, are they all receiving the same education? Might these students interpret the same lesson differently because of the social worlds in which they live? Page 163 The students might not all receiving the same education even they sit in the same classroom, read the same assignments, and hear the same lectures. First, because each student has different ability to gain the new knowledge, so some of them may learn better than others. Second, based on the kinesics, different people might have different understanding to people’s body language. Body language throughout the world is culturally specific. If a gesture or other body language from the professor is culturally specific, it may mean one thing to the student from one culture but something quite different to the student from another culture. Third, if the students are from different culture, they could have totally different understanding to an issue that is discussed based on their social background. So these students might interpret the same lesson differently because of the social worlds in which they live. 2. One of the challenges confronting doctors is to open up lines of communication with their patients. One doctor laments, “people put us on a pedestal. They see us as angels, and this makes communication difficult. They don’t ask questions or express their concerns. But we make mistakes like anyone else.” In communicating...
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...Allan and Barbara Pease are the internationally renowned experts in human relations and body language, whose 20 million book sales worldwide have turned them into household names. People's body language reveals that what they say is often very different from what they think or feel. It is a scientific fact that people's gestures give away their true intentions. Every day we are confronted by hundreds of different signals that can mean anything from 'That's a great idea' to 'You must be kidding'. And we are all sending out these signals whether we realise it or not. Now, in this authoritative guide written with great humour and insight, you can learn the secrets of body language to give you more confidence and control in any situation — from negotiating a deal to finding the right partner. Discover the techniques that will show you how to interpret gestures, read the underlying thoughts and emotions — and reach the right conclusions. Front cover photo supplied courtesy of Shufunotomo Co., Ltd. 2-9 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo, Japan Allan Pease is the world's foremost expert on body language. His book Why Men Don't Listen And Women Can't Read Maps co-authored with wife Barbara, has sold over 10 million copies in 48 languages since its release. Allan travels the world lecturing on human communication, has written 8 other bestselling books and appeared in his own television series which attracted over 100 million viewers. Barbara Pease is CEO of Pease International which...
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...Professional Communication Techniques Olivia Lancaster ITT Tech Professional Communication Techniques Professional communication is a way of speaking or writing that gives a complete understanding of the message you are trying to present to another person. Being able to communicate proficiently is one of life’s most important skills. To develop better communication skills you should always be a good listener. It is not always best to be focused on what you should say because having proficient communication can sometimes be more about listening and less about speaking. Make sure to notice your body language, such as gestures through body movement, your facial expressions, or the tone of your voice. Also try not to avoid irrelevant conversation fillers such as “um” or “like”. Practicing these communication skills will help you to better communicate in the workplace, school, and social events. To be a good listener is to know the difference between listening to what someone says, and only hearing what they say. Actually listening helps you understand that person’s feelings and emotions that they are trying to communicate with you. If I do not listen to what someone is saying to me thoroughly, whatever that person is saying to me wouldn’t stay with me and I would have to ask them to keep repeating themselves. I have seen this technique used many times in hospitals, when a family is in need, such as finding a room or where one of their family members are located, the staff...
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...Although we may not realize it, when we talk with others we make ourselves understood not only by words. We send messages to the people around us also by facial expressions and body movements.we call it "body language ", which is also a way of communication. For example, A smile and handshake show welcome ,Waving one's hand is to say"goodbye", nodding the head means agreement,while shaking it means disgreement .Putting up a hand means"May I ask a question?". These gestures are very common and are widespread since they are having the same meanings around the world. However, different countries still have different body languages due to different culture, which will affect the way people communicate. FOR EXAMPLE, In Arab, people often greet by kissing on both cheeks. In Japan people greet by bowing .In the Unite States, people shake hands to show"their greeting". And the gesture of putting a hand on a person' neck is different for Chinese and Americans. For Chinese,it is to say"someone will be killed". For Americans, it means "I'm full, cant eat any more”. And crossing one's legs in the United States is a sign of being relaxed. However in Korea, this is not allowed. In China,people hand everything with both hands to show their respect,but for Muslims,they think the left hand is unclean, so they do not eat or pass something with it. Touch or not touch? Whether or not touching during conversation is acceptable depends on the culture in different countries. For example...
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...KINESICS Kinesics is the non-verbal behaviour related to movement, either of any part of the body, or the body as a whole. In short all communicative body movements are generally classified as kinesic. Kinesic communication is probably one of the most talked about, and most obvious non-verbal communication form. Unfortunately, it is also one of the most confusing areas of non-verbal communication behaviour as the various meanings communicated through body movements seem endless across cultures. Often, body movements that are clearly understandable in one culture make no sense in another. Yet often enough, frequently used kinesic movements in one culture may be highly offensive in another culture. Ekman and Friesen (1969) in their seminal work on kinesics classify kinesics into five categories: emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators and adapters. Emblems are non-verbal messages that have a verbal counterpart. For example, the British sign for Victory (forefinger and middle finger erect) symbolises the letter V, a sign for victory often seen painted onto house walls during WWII. However, the same movement may symbolise the number two in the US and may be seen as insulting in Australia. Other examples include the OK-sign, symbolising the O. However, this may be misunderstood as symbolising the number zero, and as such suggesting that the person the kinesic movement is aimed at is in fact “zero”, or worthless. It may also be seen as symbol of the female genitalia, and...
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...Examination Paper of Business Communication IIBM Institute of Business Management Examination Paper MM.100 Subject Code-B-109 Business Communication Section A: Objective Type & Short Questions (30 marks) This section consists of multiple choices and Short Notes type questions. Answer all the questions. Part one questions carry 1 mark each & Part Two questions carry 4 marks each. Part one: Multiple choices: 1. __________is an essential function of Business Organizations: a. Information b. Communication c. Power d. None of the above 2. Physiological Barriers of listening are: a. Hearing impairment b. Physical conditions c. Prejudices d. All of the above 3. Which presentation tend to make you speak more quickly than usual: a. Electronic b. Oral ...
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...Demonstrative Communication What is our body language saying? Demonstrative communication is an important form of communication that uses nonverbal and unwritten communication to express thoughts and feelings. It uses facial expressions, tone of voice and, body language to transmit these messages. It is divided into five principles and seven nonverbal communication types (variations); chronemics, proxemics, oculesics, kinesics, haptics, vocalics, and personal type. Also, like verbal communication, nonverbal communication is governed by rules and is influenced by context (Cheesebro, O’connor & Rios, 2010). The Five Principles of Demonstrative Communication According to Cheesebro, O’connor, and Rios (2010), there are five principles of demonstrative communication (pp. 87-90). The first principle states that nonverbal communication is everywhere and makes up the majority of messages we send. Nonverbal messages make up about 2/3 of a person’s communication (Cheesebro, O'connor, & Rios, pp. 87-90, 2010) and may at times be the only type of message needed to communicate. For example, we can, to a large degree determine the winner of a contest by comparing the posture and facial expressions of the contestants. Principle two, people spend very little time developing their understanding of nonverbal messages. Most of us, unless we have purposely taken a nonverbal communications course have not been formally educated in nonverbal communication. Most elementary and secondary academic...
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...increased when the verbal and nonverbal messages complement each other. A communication could consist of various types of nonverbal messages (Pearson Education, 2010). This could be the distance they stand from another person, body posture when they are interacting with others, or the eye contact they are sending. These types of nonverbal variations could be known as chronemics, proxemics, oculesics, kinesics, haptics, vocalics, and personal style. Chronemics is how people relate to time and how they discuss about time in relation to the conversation. Understanding the distance one is from another when talking to others and respecting others personal space is called proxemics. Eye contact, is known as oculesics. This occurs with whom one is speaking with and may involve using an “inviting eye.” Body language plays a key role (kinesics), which is one’s posture, gestures, body orientation, and facial expressions. Personal style is how one appears to the sender/receiver. This would include what one are wearing, hair style, and body scent. Be aware the meaning of these kinesics can mean different things in other cultures. The use of haptics, touch can play a key role in how one feels toward the sender. A hand on the shoulder or a pat on the back can send messages of argument or support in the conversation. Finally, vocalics are the rate, pitch, quality, and volume of the voice. This can...
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...catch each other after learning there is a mole inside the department, and a rat inside the mob. Things finally culminate in it eventually being revealed that Costello was actually an FBI informant and that is why he was truly never caught. Sullivan and Costigan finally figure each other out and it results in a bloody showdown. However, the movie is not all blood and plot lines. It contained a few terms from our book; kinesics, paralanguage, and encoding and decoding messages. Kinesics includes gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, posture, and haptics. Combined they help get your message across more strongly and honestly, people use forms of them every single day in their life. Throughout the movie they can be found in abundance. Many characters in the movie use gestures to talk, most noticeably Frank Costello. He uses gestures when he talks about everything like when he talks about his surroundings he moves his arms showing around him. He uses his gestures to get his points across to the people he gives orders to. Another type of kinesics is eye contact. Both Costigan and Sullivan use eye contact when they talk to their psychiatrist, Madolyn Madden, who eventually turns into a love interest for both of them. They...
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... 2013 Nonverbal communication is a language without words, often called body language. It is oral and non-oral messages expressed by other than linguistic means. It is comprised of behavioral display such as artifacts, chronomics, haptics, kinesics, proxemics, and silence/time. We will discuss each of these so as to get a better insight on the nonverbal communication techniques in Brazil. * Artifacts - The result of conscious management of general appearance, dress and physical surroundings. They are considered material objects that are an extension of one’s self. Clothing has the power to influence. Brazilians emphasizes in the artifacts as triggers of a conversation, or also as impediments by the time to have a good conversation. * Chronomics – This refers to how time is used to communicate. In Brazilian business culture this point is essential. This concept is related with managing time, the delays in appointment times and the lack of planning in the management of the time. * Haptics - Refers to all the elements related with corporal touching during conversations. Handshakes, hugs and kisses are associated to this topic. In Brazil these actions are very common in the business environment. * Kinesics – This is the study of body language and how people preserve it. More specifically, it involves facial expressions, eye contact, body language, gestures, and physical appearance. Brazilians appreciate the eye to eye contact as a manner to show...
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...starts; depending on the direction that he moves his arms, leaning or hunching forward will determine the start of the music, outcome of the tempo and how long the orchestra will hold the note. The orchestra decodes his body language and returns information in the form of playing the correct notes. This hidden performance demonstrated harmoniously in front of the entire audience. What would the orchestra sound like if they did not understand what the maestro was communicating? Nonverbal communication works the same way. Physically speaking words is not the only way in which a person communicates. There are nonverbal communications that must be considered. There are five types of nonverbal ways of communicating: chronemics, proxemics, kinesics, vocalics, and personal style. Chronemics refers to how a person communicates time. Because the person places a high value on using time wisely, the person may make comments such as “time is up.” For instance, this person will deliver their message while glancing at their watch. This could be interpreted as if the person is in a hurry,...
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...other forms of communication.” Some body movements include posture, by facial expression, gestures and eye contact. The history of nonverbal communication originated with Charles Darwin and his idea that all mammals displayed emotions through facial expressions. Similar studies by Silvan Tomkins, Rudolf Laban and Warren Lamb also support the assumption of emotions portrayed non- verbally. Most notably was Ray Birdwhistell, who "pioneered the original study of nonverbal communication—what he called 'kinesics.” Birdwhistell is an American Anthropologist most famous for his work in the detailed examination of facial expressions, body language, and gestures that are conveyed during communicatory interaction. Ray Birdwhistell was born in 1918 in Ohio. He earned his bachelor’s degree in sociology at Miami University in Ohio, his Masters in anthropology at Ohio State University, and finally his Ph.D. in anthropology at the University of Chicago. He became interested in kinesics by analyzing how people interact in movies. He was greatly influenced by the works of Margaret Mead and David Efron. He taught as a professor at the University of Toronto, University of Louisville, University of Buffalo, and Temple University in Philadelphia. Speaking of the big screen, in the television show “Lie to me” nonverbal communication is the premise of the whole show. The show follows Dr. Cal...
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...USE OF BODY LANGUAGE IN COMMUNICATION Did you know that while in India or America a "fantastic" or an "ok" sign is demonstrated by forming a circle with your thumb and forefinger, in Tunisia the same symbol means "I will kill you" and in Japan it means "money"? Kinesics or study of body language must be understood by all. Whether it is an interview or a presentation, one must be aware of how to use body language effectively. Read on to understand more about various non verbal components of communication... 1. Eye Contact: Always maintain eye contact with your audience. However, a person must ensure that he / she should not fix his gaze at one person for more than 5 seconds. Too much fluttering of eyes could indicate lack of confidence. Staring at a person could be daunting and hence is not such a good idea. 2. Hand Shake: While shaking hands especially in a professional environment, the hand shake should be firm and not loose. An iron handshake [very strong handshake] can indicate that a person is trying to dominate. 3. Crossing your Arms: Crossing your arms could imply that a person is not open to new ideas / opinion especially in case of giving a presentation. However, in a one-on-one interview if the interviewer has his / her arms crossed, the candidate could do the same. 4. Sitting Posture: Leaning on a chair is not a good idea. One must sit upright though in a relaxed position. Sitting back in your chair implies lack of interest or rejection. 5. Gesture: Gesture...
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...Personal Safety: What are they thinking? Training Session By: Edward J. Hamilton Business Communication PRCM325J Ohio University 2010 Table of Contents Overview 3 Behavioral Objectives 4 Outline of Training Session 5 Literature Review: What are they thinking? 7 Bibliography- Literature Review 10 Attachment 1: Study Abroad Handbook: Risk Factors and Strategies to Reduce Risk 12 Attachment 2: Proxemic circle 15 Attachment 3: Multi-Cultural meanings of Paralanguage Gestures 16 Personal Safety: What are they thinking? Overview Criminals are bolder and have less regard for their victims than ever before. Places that once seemed safe are no longer immune from danger. The death spiral of the economy plays a major factor in the increase of crime. There are two parties involved in the commission of crimes, to both persons and property; those two parties are the potential victim and perpetrator. Within each of those parties at the time of a commission of a crime, they possess an innate sense of non-verbal and verbal communication that engage, takes over and governs each party’s behavior throughout the event. For each respective party in a personal contact situation, that sense comprises of a series of cues which could take the form of voice intonation, body language, strength in numbers, and the surprise of direct violence. In some cases, the exchange can be analogous to a chess game in hyper drive. In other cases, the exchange may not be so...
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