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Kinesiology Key Terms

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Kinesiology Key Terms:

* Anatomy- the study of the structural organization of living things * Anatomical Position- portraying the body in an upright, standing position, face and feet facing forward, arms at your side, forearms fully supinated * Anatomical Planes- sections that relate to a portion of the body (frontal/coronal, transverse/horizontal, sagittal/median plane) * Anatomical Axes- a series of imaginary lines to describe direction of movement (longitudinal, horizontal, antero-posterior) * Skeleton- made of 206 bones (300 at birth), used for structure, protection, and support * Axial Skelton- 80 bones; comprised of areas close to the trunk of the body * Appendicular Skeleton- 126 bones; the appendages * Muscle Tissue- collection of cells that shorten during contraction, resulting in movement * Skeletal Muscle- Attached to bones by tendons or other tissues; striated; voluntary * Cardiac Muscle- muscle of the heart ;striated; involuntary * Smooth Muscle- remains contracted for longer period of time; contracts slowly; involuntary * Neuromuscular System- the complex linkages between muscular and nervous systems * Muscle Twitch- A single nervous impulse and the resulting contraction * Motor Unit- the collaboration of the muscle fibers working together * Neuromuscular junctions- nerves that transmit the messages directing the muscle to move that come into contact with muscles at that specific point. * All or None Principle- The motor unit contracts to its 100% potential, or not at all * Concentric Muscle Contraction- When muscle fibres shorten (shortening) * Eccentric Muscle Contraction- When muscle fibres lengthen (lengthening) * Isometric Muscle Contraction- when muscle fibres don’t change in length (static) * Isotonic Exercise- controlled shortening and lengthening of

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