...Were the Knights Templars really Christians? Knights Templars, founded in 1118 ad, were the strongest and bravest of all the fighters at this time. They were put into effect because many christians were being killed while traveling to the holy land, by muslims. Their dress was simple because of the vow of poverty they had to follow. Most believe they had a huge red cross on their chest when in fact it was covering their heart. The cross was not added to the knights until Pope Eugenius III allowed them to wear them in 1147ad. The Knights Templars were accused of One-hundred twenty seven faults against christianity including; homosexuality, and devil worship. How can you call your self a Christian and preform such evil things. In Tafi Olsen’s article The Templars; Before Christianity was legalized in Rome Arians were already trying to give Christianity a fault, by saying that Christ himself is greater than God the father. Christians believe in the trinity God the father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. With there being a claim against Christianity before it has even been legalized, makes it easier for people to find fault or disprove Christianity (Olsen). The Travis 2 devil is always going to be trying to put Christianity down and work his way to the top faster and better then any evil thing on earth or in a realm we don't understand....
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...chosen leader. For the Knights Templar however, having one of their leaders be in charge of the crusade would have been more than ideal for this thriving order. Robert de Craon, known to people of the order as Master Robert, was elected leader of the Knights Templar in 1136....
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...Byzantine Empire for a naval attack on Egypt; but none of these plans came to fruition. * Meanwhile, Saladin planned his own invasion of the kingdom from Egypt. Learning of Saladin's plans, Baldwin IV left Jerusalem with, according to William of Tyre, only 375 knights to attempt a defense at Ascalon, but Baldwin was blockaded there by Saladin, who, again according to William of Tyre, had 26,000 men. Accompanying Baldwin was Raynald of Chatillon, lord of Oultrejordain, who had just been released from captivity in Aleppo in 1176. Raynald was a fierce enemy of Saladin, and was the effective commander of the army, with King Baldwin too ill to command it personally. Also with the army were Odo de St Amand, master of the Knights Templar, Baldwin of Ibelin, his brother Balian, Reginald of Sidon, and Joscelin III of Edessa. Another Templar force attempted to meet Baldwin at Ascalon, but they were also besieged at Gaza. * Saladin continued his march towards Jerusalem, thinking that Baldwin would not dare to follow him with so few men. He attacked Ramla, Lydda and Arsuf, but because Baldwin was supposedly not a danger, he allowed his army to be spread out over a large area, pillaging and foraging. However, Baldwin and the Templars both escaped their blockades, and marched out along the coast,...
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...Brooks Brown Mrs. Allen English IV 11 March 2015 The Holy Grail The Holy Grail is a very symbolic holy relic that is recognized as the cup Jesus Christ drank out of at the Last Supper. The Grail has many different legends, myths, and controversies to discover and is one of the most debated historical artifacts in history. The Holy Grail is thought to be a fine chalice or cup used as a drinking device. It has also been thought to be a stone, dish, cup, platter, cauldron, or horn of plenty (Day 122). The Holy Grail stands for a sacred relic that Jesus Christ drank out of; because of this many consider it the greatest item in all of Christianity. People seeking this great treasure; past and present have died looking for it. The actual object that is believed to be the Holy Grail is approximately seven inches in height. In addition to that it has 28 pearls around the cup, and is decorated with two balaxes and two emeralds. The texture of the cup is made out of stone and gold (“Holy Grail”). There are several myths in all cultures that involve when a person comes in contact with the precious item. Some myths state that if someone drinks from the cup they will inherit the ability to raise someone from the dead. Magical qualities of the cup are never proven but do have a lot of interesting things about them. One such example includes if someone is stranded somewhere and have no way of providing food for themselves, the Grail will serve as a nourishing chalice that never runs out...
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...Impact of Crusades in European History The time referred to as the High Middle Ages in Europe in the 11th century was in stark contrast to the Europe of the Renaissance. The continent was divided into kingdoms of weaker monarchs fragmented into small fiefdoms. The political landscape was dominated by the powerful aristocracy and even more powerful men of the religion. Life conditions were dismal for most of the population, trade was nearly nonexistent. In terms of arts and sciences, European civilization was dwarfed by those of the Middle East and Asia. Yet, in a couple centuries Europe would become one of the most powerful, sophisticated civilizations in the world. This change can be attributed in no small part to its interaction with the Orient though Crusades that spanned from the end of the 11th century to the end of the 13th century. The 35,000 men that joined the first Crusade embarked on a journey to a world that was very different than Europe. After capturing Jerusalem and settling down in various places in the Middle East, they saw that the Muslims lived luxurious lives. Their civilization was hundreds of years ahead of their own in terms of culture, technology and sciences. The Arabs had spent centuries in major cities copying the texts of classical Greek philosophers and making additions on the existing body of knowledge. The works of philosopher scientists such as Ibn Sina and Biruni were taught in European centers of learning emerging at the time of the first...
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...Renaissance Punishment/Torture Torture devices were used all throughout the Middle Ages as a way to punish criminals and get a confession from someone. The word torture comes from the Latin word ‘tortura’ ultimately deriving from the word ‘torquere’ meaning “to twist”. The torture and punishment depended on the victim’s crime and social status. Torture was the most common form of punishment in the Middle Ages, only being abolished in England in 1640. Torture reached its peak around the 12th century. From the mid-18th century it was the most common method used and was allowed by the Roman Catholic Church. Torture wasn’t exclusively for criminals, it was also used by the Knights Templar, a member of a religious and military order founded by Crusaders in Jerusalem about 1118 and suppressed in 1312; the Spanish inquisition to punish a person who speaks disrespectfully of sacred things, and liars. The well-known torture devices are the Head Crusher, Cat’s Paw (or Spanish Tickler), Knee Splitter, Scavenger’s Daughter, Judas Chair, Spanish Donkey, Choke Pear, Lead Sprinkler, Breast Ripper, and Crocodile Shears. With the Head Crusher the device was a helmet like hat they placed on top of the victims head and the chin was placed above a metal bar, then the device would slowly turn compressing the skull tightly. First the teeth are destroyed, shattering and splintering into the jaw. Then the eyes are squeezed from the sockets. Lastly the skull fractures and the contents of the head...
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...Another "peacetime" occupation was the tourney. The tournaments of the twelfth century were not jousts, or formalized single combats. Rather, they were mock wars, in which two or more groups of mounted warriors fought each other for loot and glory. Tournaments differed from real battles in only two respects. First, there was usually a safe area near the tourney site. Second, the chief goal of the warriors was not to kill or injure their opponents, but to capture their equipment and ransom their persons. Tournaments offered twelfth-century knights an opportunity to practice their warlike skills and to win or lose fame and treasure when no real wars were taking place. It was a very dangerous amusement, and it was thus most popular among the so-called "youths," young knights who had no yet settled down to raise families and run their own households. William Marshal spent sixteen years tourneying, with occasional interruptions for war. The History dwells at length on this period of his life, and tells us much about the tourneys of the time. William gained much profit from his tourney success. One of the first things he got was a patron. King Henry II, hearing of his chivalry, chose him to be the tutor of his eldest son, Henry the young king. But there are spots on this record, too. When the young king was still alive, William supported him in his revolts against his father, Henry II. A more serious matter is his policy after the French took Normandy away from John...
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...Gays in the Military Keith Shaheen BCOM/275 June 14, 2010 Gays in the Military In this paper, the writer will locate an article on a controversial subject. Controversial is defined as “subject to controversy; debate” (Dictionary, LLC.. 2010, para. 1). In addition, the article will include an argument the writer does not agree with. In earlier times of the Crusades, the Knights Templar had been persecuted and many of their group was burned at the stake for their homosexuality in the early 14th Century. American soldiers had been discharged for acts in homosexual acts by General George Washington in 1778. Although the Military has prohibited homosexuality, the ban was not enforced until the time of World War II. Procedures had been developed and implemented in locating and excluding homosexual draftees from serving in the Military; the services screened for feminine body mannerisms, dress manner and any rectum irregularities (Webley, 2010). During President Bill Clintons term the “Don’t ask don’t tell” policy, formally known as the Military Personnel Eligibility Act was enacted (Webley, 2010). This law was passed to keep open gay women and men from serving in the U.S. Military. “As long as gays kept quiet about their sexual orientation, they were allowed to serve in the Military” (Webley, 2010). The Pentagon agreed to keep from asking about sexual preference in recruitment forms and interviews, but it never stopped with the investigations of those serving in the...
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...before were just as easy to point out. The Middle Ages were subdivided into three major classes: those who fought, who prayed, and who worked. They first major class of the Middle Ages was those who fought. These men were usually the ones with the most money that included the King, the Dukes, the Earls, the Barons, the Knights and the Esquires (Mortimer 40). The reason that most of the people that fought were also wealthy was because they would have to be wealthy to be able to afford all of the equipment used in fighting (Lecture). The most important fighter was the King. The title of those who fought was a little misleading for the king because he usually did not do most of the fight he was just a person that could pay for military expeditions. The next social tier was the three ranks of lords: the dukes, earls, and barons. These were men who had to fight directly for the king for at least forty days each year at their own expense. The Lordly status was a correlation with their income. Their income came from their estates that would brings in at least £1000. The third social class dealing with those who fought were the knights, esquires, and gentlemen. The knights were usually lords that would work indirectly from the king which meant that they did not have the baronial title like the lords...
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...have greater power and that this right of his is being curtailed by the Normans. * Cedric views the Normans as bullies who look down upon the Saxons and unnecessarily over tax them. * Cedric's strong pro-Saxon patriotism leads him to make prejudiced assumptions about every Norman right until the end of the novel where we see Cedric having a slight change of heart. This happens when Cedric sees how King Richard stands up against the unfair and unjust Normans despite being a Norman himself. * Also, he eventually reconciles with his son up to a great extent. Wilfred Of Ivanhoe- * Wilfred (Ivanhoe) is the protagonist of our story and thus plays a central role in the entire plot. * Being Cedric’s son, he is essentially a knight from a Saxon family. * However, he is seen as a strong supporter of the Norman king, King Richard and it is owing to this that Cedric initially disowns him. * Ivanhoe is a skilled warrior and a ladies man at the same time. He is shown to be madly in love with Rowena (whom he eventually marries). * While on one hand, Ivanhoe seems to be the ideal heroic figure, he also has a dark side to him. He is highly prejudiced against Jews as is seen in his encounters with Rebecca. While he does help her father, Isaac with safe passage across the forest and later even Rebecca herself, it is pretty evident that he doesn’t particularly appreciate their Jewish heritage. * Also, he does not even take Rebecca into consideration as his lover...
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...Romances which have captivated many readers through the years. I too have found reading them to be very enjoyable experience. I particular liked the aspect of reading stories that were written centuries ago, which has given me some insight into the culture of medieval northern Europe. I have been able to realize the importance that medieval people placed on the ideas of being a knight, courtly love, and King Authur’s court. I believe I know why these works were so popular, it was because works like this allowed individuals of medieval societies to be taken away to a fantasy land where everyone was beautiful and those who acted in the right manner were rewarded for such actions. This fantastic other world was a major contradiction to what life in medieval times was actually like. I have read many articles describing medieval life as being hard, rough, unrelenting, a constant struggle for survival, routinely fighting off invading armies, and those who did live glorious lives were a select few. But when one would read one of these three stories they could visualize King Aurthur’s court which was full of brave knights who had beautiful wives, and one could only hope that somehow he would find himself in this wonderful place and everything would be just fine. This is why these stories were so popular because they could transport the reader from there most likely their miserable life to a place that was far from miserable. Let’s first look at what fighting was going on during the time the...
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...Introduction II. Knights Weapons A. Topic sentence B. Used Swords C. Used heavy artery D. Conclusion III. Castle (Defense and Offense) A. Topic sentence B. Trebuchet C. Catapult D. Cross-bow E. Conclusion IV. Coat and Arms Weapons A. Long-bow B. Flail C. Mace D. War hammer E. Conclusion V. Final Conclusion Medieval Weapons C. Wilburn 2 Have you ever wanted to know about the weapons knights used? Well the knights used different things including battle axes, bow-and-arrows, and catapults. Some were used by different people though. Some spent years of training, while others spent just a year. Some knights had armor while others didn’t. But the kind of weapons in use was the types of weaponry of the Medieval Ages. All in all, the knights had some good weapons. Medieval knights used some cool weapons. Usually when knighted, the knights would get spurs which are sharp spikes behind the heels of the knight’s shoe, to guide the horse, a shield to protect themselves in battle, and a sword to fight with. Some swords could be the slashing swords that were flat and wide sharp-edged swords to make a very destructive blow. Later in the Medieval Ages, sword makers would make thrusting swords which were longer and more pointed than slashing swords. The point of the sword can fit between armor of the knight and the chain...
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...practices, in “Song of Roland” this is shown on a much larger scale. Trial by battle began as a practice that settled feuds or disagreements between individuals, the crusades incorporated this feudal practice into the frame of international conquest. Emphasis on more admirable values also meshed into the “crusading mentality”, one value in particular, the importance of personal loyalty to one’s lord, is what causes kings and peasants alike to have an undying loyalty to their God. Loyalty to God is demonstrated by Charlemagne, characterized through the epic as a divine king who receives visions, in the form of dreams, from God and is guarded by the angel St. Gabriel. What’s interesting is the symbolism of Charlemagne’s and his most faithful knight Roland’s, swords. The swords draw a connection between feudal duty and service and religion. Roland’s Durendal has relics from various saints and the Virgin Mary, Charlemagne’s Joyeuse holds the point of “the lance with which our Lord was wounded on the cross” (183). The divinity of these objects demonstrate Christian’s practice of worshiping relics and it also provides a connection between Christ and Charlemagne. This synthesis of religious passion and feudal values ends up creating a conflict of interest within Charlemagne. When combining the enthusiasm of their supposed divine...
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...At 550BC-300BC, Greek men and women wore ionic chitons. Generally, ionic chiton has longer sleeves, fastened with many small brooches at shoulder. Because ionic chiton needs many brooches to fasten, it was very hard to dress if one did not have someone else’s help. Therefore, we can infer that people who wore ionic chiton might have servants, and they might be rich and have high social statues. Also, the luxurious fabric and elaborated draperies on the ionic chiton could show one’s wealth. In figure 2, we can see that the pearls on the sleeve look very similar to the brooches on the chiton in figure 1. They both create “holes” on the arms. Therefore, the design in figure 2 is the contemporary adaptation of the ionic chiton. Also, there are...
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...What was a knight? There were three main types of soldiers during the Middle Ages: foot soldiers, archers, and knights. The knights were heavily armored soldiers who rode on horseback. Only the wealthiest nobles could afford to be a knight. They needed very expensive armor, weapons, and a powerful war horse. Medieval Knight by Unknown The First Knights The first knights of the Middle Ages fought for Charlemagne, the King of the Franks, in the 700s. In order to fight battles across his large empire, Charlemagne began to use soldiers on horseback. These soldiers became a very important part of his army. Charlemagne began to award his best knights with land called "benefices". In return for the land, the knights agreed to fight for the...
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