...is physically transported from a country and has no opportunity to escape from those transporting him”. Literature on forced migration often focuses on asylum seekers and refugees, but there are other groups of displaced persons. This paper will look at trafficked people, particularly on Korean comfort women during the Imperial Japan times, from the years 1931 to 1945. Comfort women are females who were forced into sexual slavery during the Sino-Japanese War and World War II, to provide sexual services to the Japanese Imperial Army troops so to improve the morale of Japanese soldiers (Lynch, 2009). The focus is placed on Korean comfort women as 80% of comfort women in Japan are Koreans (Soh, 1996). It was estimated that 160,000 Korean women were coerced into sexual slavery (Lee & Crowe, 2015). This research aims to investigate the impacts of forced migration on the lives of Korean comfort women. This paper postulates that the impacts of forced migration on the lives of Korean comfort women spans across three areas. Physically, Korean comfort women suffer from violence and injuries, sexually-transmitted diseases, as well as infertility. Mentally, they suffer from severe mental distress and lifelong trauma. Lastly, from the social aspect, Korean...
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...In this research paper I will take you through the Korean War. This war was a war that showed how two sides of an issue or country could fight so fiercely and for so long and never see a clear or determined winner between the two of them. Before you move onto the next portion of this paper, let me warn you that some of the scenes that will be described, may be disturbing to you or any other readers. [i]The one and only cause of this gruesome and everlasting war was the invasion of South Korea by the United Nations. The North had been pushed out of the South with the help of the United Nations. This help that was given by The United Nations resulted in an occurrence or happening. This was the attempts by The United Nations to invade the North so that they would cease all forces going into the South and also so that the situation seemed to be somewhat under control. This invasion failed, simply due to the fact of the North’s great command under [ii]Kim Sung lll and his very well trained troops. Now onto the actual fighting that took place. Under the impression that no attack was to be launched because no word had come from Washington, none were aware that one of the biggest blind side attacks ever was about to occur and that they were going to be on the bad end of the deal. It was a foggy and dark morning on [iii]June 25th, 1950 and the conditions were merely perfect for the type of attack that was about to take place.. President Truman...
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...purpose of this paper is to provide information to business professionals about the Republic of Korea, the Korean culture, and the peculiarities of conducting business in this country. The topics discussed include a brief historical background about the nation, its dimensions of culture, how these elements are integrated by Koreans, and a comparison between these characteristics and American culture and business practices. The paper examines the implications for US firms wishing to do business in Korea using Hofstede’s Dimensions of culture, a SWOT analysis, and FDI analysis. Keywords: culture, religion, Confucianism, innovation, export, KORUS FTA Historical Background of Korea The Republic of Korea (ROK) is commonly known as South Korea. For the remainder of this paper, the ROK will be synonymous with "Korea". Korea is located in northeast Asia on the Korean peninsula between the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. It borders the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), also called North Korea (nK), immediately to the north, across the 38th parallel. Korea's total land area is nearly 62,000 miles, slightly larger than Indiana (www.cia.gov). It has an ethnically homogeneous population of over 49 million people, 83% of which live in urban areas (www.cia.gov). According to legend, Korea's birth as a nation was in 2333 BC with its early inhabitants coming from and heavily influenced by China (Kim, 2012). Mark Peterson, associate professor of Korean Studies at Brigham...
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...Brainwashing MIND CONTROL 10/9/14 7 pages Ryan Manuel CFB 3333 Fall 2014 Mind Control or brainwashing is a theory or claim that was ultimately discovered by Edward Hunter in the 1950’s within the time of the Cold War. By using the term "hsi-nao" the Chinese people and officials meant certain different techniques in dealing with adversaries, troops or platoons and the training of officials within the time of the Korean War. To the Western usage the term "brainwashing" spread in the 1950s through several publications depicting the treatment of American soldiers at Chinese prison camp during the Korean War 1950-1953. Mind control can also be described or defined as thought reform, thought control, or coercive persuasion. Mind Control can be defined also as a theoretical indoctrination process that results in a person’s inability to think on their own, and disrupt the beliefs and affiliations a person has with a certain religion or person. There are various different theories within the idea of brainwashing, but the main idea or reason behind the tactic of brainwashing is to be used within the field of battle. Mind control occurs when people ultimately have their minds controlled by a certain action wanted to take place or controlled by a certain group of people of higher being or higher stature whom are trying to conquer a certain object or rule a certain person. Mind control is a claim that has been tested and tested...
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...Defense Strategy Course Section Two, Essay One Supportability from a strategy formulation perspective of United States policy options for North Korean nuclear and strategic missile capabilities 16 February 2014 Benjamin J. McClellan CPT, USAR North Korea’s nuclear and strategic missile capabilities present grave challenges to regional security. Pyongyang’s propensity to export its weapons also threatens the global non-proliferation regime. Despite economic impoverishment and an inability to feed its people, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea remains heavily armed and ready to fire first. Its recent and continued military provocations demonstrate the potential for resumed conflict on the Korean Peninsula. Policymakers must determine the appropriate manner to address these threats. Current considerations for policy options include containment of North Korean capabilities, destruction of North Korean capabilities without regime change, and compelling regime change in North Korea. This paper will offer analysis on each of these policy courses of action. The merits and drawbacks of each will be weighed against the ends, ways, means framework of strategy formulation, as well as the suitability, feasibility, acceptability risk model. For the purposes of this analysis, the stipulated end is elimination of North Korea’s nuclear and missile capability. North Korea’s Nuclear and Missile Capabilities As recently as July 2013, North Korea is believed to possess between four...
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...Three Kingdoms Period of Korea The Three Kingdoms period of Korea is an important part of world history. This research paper will describe the three kingdoms of Korea, from 57 Before Common Era until 688 Common Era into the Unified Silla Kingdom period. The history and art from these periods will be discussed in order to show the impact it has had on the Korean culture. This paper will show the Influence China had when the Koreans created their empire and works of art. The Three Kingdoms period of Korea began in 57 BCE due, in part, to the Chinese occupation of the western peninsula. There were many tribes in Korea, prior to 100 BCE, when the Chinese fought and gained control of the western peninsula. The strongest of all the Korean tribes were migratory hunters known as the Koguryo tribe. (Korean Enigma, 2004). The Koguryo tribe was a difficult adversary for the Chinese and made it difficult to for them to keep their stronghold. The Chinese were forced to leave their three outposts in Korea, giving the territory back to the Koguryo tribe. The Koguryo tribe overtook the Chinese, Okcho and Ye tribes, and incorporated them into their own. The powerful Koguryo tribe continued battling the Chinese and eventually conquered half of Manchuria. (Korean Enigma, 2004). The Han Tribes also occupied Korea during this period. With the defeat of the Chinese, the Hans branched out and formed two separate kingdoms, Paekche and Silla. The Three Kingdoms of Korea included Koguryo, Paekche...
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...colorful and fragrant flower. To be the flower that will rightly represent his identity, he needs someone to call his name. In this poem, identity is not seen as something that is solid and concrete but as something that is situated and constructed by others, a glimpse of poststructuralist view on identity. Recently, language learning has been seen as participation and negotiation of self (see Higgins, forthcoming; Kinginger, 2004; Lam, 2000; Morita, 2004; Ohara, 2001; Pavlenko & Lantolf, 2000; and Solé, 2007 among others). The trend is resonated in the growing interest in language learner identity and the studies in narratives. In this paper, a case of heritage language learner will be investigated upon the theoretical frame of poststructuralism. Narrative inquiry will be used to analyze how she negotiates her learner identity. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: First, by looking at the struggle a language learner makes to acquire her heritage language, I reclaim the centrality of identity in defining heritage language learners. Second, to widen the horizons of narrative studies to the cyber space as it provides an ample source of easily accessible data and it has become one of the commonplace media of daily communication. Heritage Language Learners and Identity To refer to the Heritage Language Learners (HLLs), various terms have been implemented such as ‘native speakers,’ ‘quasi native speakers,’ ‘bilingual speakers,’ or, from the dissatisfaction with the prior terms, ‘home...
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...INC. KOREAN CULTURE INVASION POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE INFLUENCES ON FILIPINOS A Research Paper Presented to Mrs. Rhea Jane Serrano-Manalo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement in English IV Presented by: Angelica C. Perlas March 2013 ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to give the positive and negative effects of Hallyu or Korean Wave to the Filipino lifestyle. The researcher aimed to analyze the gathered information from articles, theses and other published work. The method used in this study is the descriptive method of research. The researcher gathered information from published articles like K-pop Domination: Good or Bad Influence?, Filipinos Get Hooked on K-Pop Craze, Korean Dramas, Kpop Helped Reshape Philippine TV, Music, Korean Culture in the Philippines, Korean Lifestyle, Korean Wave Hits the Shore of the Philippines, Koreanovela and its Reception among Filipino Audience, Korean ‘Hallyu’ and the Pinoy Invasion, and By Design: A Look at Korea’s Fashion Industry. The researcher concluded that although some benefits of Hallyu contribute to Filipinos eagerness of developing their own culture, there is still a need for Filipinos to control themselves from patronizing the foreign world. 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENT This term paper entitled KOREAN CULTURE INVASION: POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE INFLUENCES ON FILIPINOS was done properly, not only through the efforts of the researcher but also through the efforts of other people who helped her. This term paper was the result...
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...Research Paper: General Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur, born January 26th, 1880 in Little Rock, Arkansas. MacArthur was an American five-star general and the Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service during the Philippines Campaign, which made him and his Father Arthur MacArthur, Jr, the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He is one of five men to ever earn the rank of General of the US Army and the only man to become a field marshal in the Philippine Army. Born and raised in a military family in the American Old West, MacArthur was valedictorian at the West Texas Military Academy, and First Captain at the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he graduated top of the of 1903. During the 1914 United States occupation of Veracruz, he conducted a reconnaissance mission, for which he was nominated for the Medal of Honor. MacArthur returned to the War Department, where he was promoted to major on 11 December 1915. In June 1916, he was assigned as head of the Bureau of Information at the office of the Secretary of War, Newton D. Baker. MacArthur has since been Morrow 2 regarded as the Army's first press officer. Following the declaration of war on Germany on 6 April 1917, Baker and MacArthur secured an agreement from President Wilson for the use of the National Guard on the...
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...From his childhood during Korean War to his second election as the Secretary General of the United Nations, Mr. Ki-moon Ban has demonstrated the leadership of resiliency, with which he was able to turn crisis into opportunities for his success. Moreover, Mr. Ban’s diligence, sincerity and warm-heartedness also contributed greatly to his rise, along with high performance capability. With such recognition, Mr. Ban successfully expanded his political network (both in Korea and in the organization of US) with apparent sincerity, great communication skill and sharp sociopolitical awareness. During the course of this paper, our group (“We”) will analyze and discuss how Mr. Ki-moon Ban used various situational conflicts as an opportunity to display and utilize his array of great characteristics to become the powerful leader. Prior to his political career, Mr. Ban’s childhood was deeply affected by the Korean War, which caused his family to migrate to different parts of Korea. Despite of such instability and uncertainty, Mr. Ban started to grow his intellectual curiosity of English. Even as a child, he liked to ask and speak with American soldiers, showing great resiliency. Such interactions and intellectual curiosity allowed Mr. Ban to be a star student in secondary school (especially in English), earning him an opportunity to meet John F. Kennedy as a winner of the Red Cross Competition for international students with proven academic excellence. Meeting the late John F. Kennedy...
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...NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIVERSITY NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE NORTH KOREA: AN ARGUMENT TO JUMPSTART THE ECONOMIC ENGINE LIEUTENANT COLONEL JOHN D. BIRD II, USAF NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE CLASS OF 2007 COURSE 6300, SEMINAR K NON-MILITARY ELEMENTS OF STATECRAFT FACULTY SEMINAR LEADER: AMBASSADOR JAMES B. FOLEY FACULTY ADVISOR: COLONEL THOMAS GRIFFITH, USAF 29 NOVEMBER 2006 Bird 1 On October 8, 2005, North Korea detonated a nuclear device, and forever changed the global political landscape. Despite the best efforts of the United States, China, South Korea, Japan, and Russia, the isolationist regime was not deterred from joining the elite nuclear club.1 Now faced with the prospect of North Korean nuclear proliferation, the world is undoubtedly a more dangerous place to live in. Over the last 50 years, virtually all the instruments of national power have been brought to bear in an effort to solve the security dilemma presented by the North Korean regime. The detonation on October 8th suggests these previous strategies were not nearly effective enough. A nuclear armed North Korea presents a grave danger that should force us to reexamine our policy. This paper focuses on the economic instrument, examines how it has been utilized over the last 15 years in both the Clinton and Bush administrations, and offers some thoughts on a desired endstate of North Korean economic integration. The Context--the Fall of Communism The fall of the Berlin wall was a watershed event in man’s political, social, and economic...
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...thus solving one’s own problems for oneself on one’s own responsibility under all circumstances. The DPRK claims that juche is Kim Il Sung’s creative application of Marxist-Leninist principles to the modern political realities in North Korea.2 Kim Il Sung and his son Kim Jong Il have successfully wielded the juche idea as a political shibboleth to evoke a fiercely nationalistic drive for North Korean independence and to justify policies of self-reliance and self-denial in the face of famine and economic stagnation in North Korea. Kim Il Sung envisioned three specific applications of juche philosophy: political and ideological independence, especially from the Soviet Union and China; economic self-reliance and self-sufficiency; and a viable national defense system.3 This paper begins with a discussion of the three key components of the juche ideology – political, economic and military independence – as promulgated by the DPRK. The second section is a discussion of the ideological origins of the juche philosophy, followed by a third section on the philosophical bases of the juche idea. The paper concludes with an examination of juche as a political body of thought and an evaluation of the success with...
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...1. Introduction Korea and Japan have close relationship ever since their ancient histories to this day. Because of this reason, their economic growth and development have similarities but on the other hand, due to their different characteristics, they also have differences. This paper will discuss some of the two countries’ major characteristics including geographic, social, and political characteristics and look at their histories and economies. 2. Geography Korea - Korea extends about 1,000 kilometers to the south from the northeast part of the Asian continent. It consists of the Korean Peninsula and over 3,400 islands. Since 1945, as a result of the WWII, Korea has been divided into North Korea, and South Korea. The total area is 221,607 square kilometers. South Korea owns 99,237 square kilometers and 45% of the total land, while North Korea owns 122,370 square kilometers, the remaining 55%. Korea is mostly consisted of mountain range with 70 percent. The Mountains Taebaek connects the full length of the east coast. Japan - Japan has four main islands - Honshu, Hokkaido, Shikoku, and Kyushu - and more than 3,000 small islands cover an area of 377,727 square kilometers. These islands extend over 3,000km in total length, and it spreads about 300km in width. Japan is covered with mountains about three-fourths of the national land. Mt. Fuji divides the center of Honshu with 3,000-meter high, the main island. Japan has around 200 volcanoes, among them about 60 volcanoes...
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...Korean War Korean War The Korean War (25 June 1950 - armistice signed 27 July 1953[1] ) was a military conflict between the Republic of Korea, supported by the United Nations, and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, supported by the People's Republic of China (PRC), with military material aid from the Soviet Union. The war was a result of the physical division of Korea by an agreement of the victorious Allies at the conclusion of the Pacific War at the end of World War II. The Korean peninsula was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the end of World War II. Following the surrender of Japan in 1945, American administrators divided the peninsula along the 38th Parallel, with United States troops occupying the southern part and Soviet troops occupying the northern part.[2] The failure to hold free elections throughout the Korean Peninsula in 1948 deepened the division between the two sides, and the North established a Communist government. The 38th Parallel increasingly became a political border between the two Koreas. Although reunification negotiations continued in the months preceding the war, tension intensified. Cross-border skirmishes and raids at the 38th Parallel persisted. The situation escalated into open warfare when North Korean forces invaded South Korea on 25 June 1950.[3] It was the first significant armed conflict of the Cold War.[4] The United Nations, particularly the United States, came to the aid of South Korea in repelling the invasion. A...
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...Operations (PSYOPs): A Conceptual Overview Sunil Narula Abstract The psychological dimension of a conflict is as important as its physical dimension and psychological Operations (PSYOPs) have become even more relevant in this age of information, especially for a nation-state where the threat in the socio-psychological domain is more pronounced. While combating the menace of terrorism, the psychological dimension assumes great significance, as terrorists use violence as a psychological weapon by terrorising the multitude, rather than physically affect a few, and in this sense, they fight a psychological war also. The relevance of psychological operations is much greater than the successful conduct of tactical operations. This article is an attempt to conceptualise the term PSYOPs in the Indian context. The changed dynamics of international relations following the end of the Cold War and changes in the South Asian strategic landscape, postSeptember 11, have made PSYOPs more relevant for the region. It is also important to know that differences between various related concepts like Propaganda, Information Warfare, and Perception Management are waferthin, and may lead to contested perceptions amongst various agencies working under the overall ambit of national security, if not viewed in the current perspective. Therefore, clarity of the concept will set the stage for an effective implementation of policies and help in setting up of a policy structure in India (which does exist today...
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