...Aa Art, Culture & Society Kremlin Treasures of the Moscow Kremlin at the Topkapı Palace 2010 Russia at the Ottoman Palace… The Topkapı Palace which had been the center of the state administration of the Ottoman Empire for nearly four centuries, is preparing to host the masterpieces of the Kremlin Palace. The exhibition “Kremlin Palace Treasures are in the Topkapı Palace” is inviting all residents of Istanbul to be the witnesses of the great meeting of the two palaces. After the “Ten Thousand Years of Iranian Civilization, Two Thousand Years of Common Heritage” exhibition which was financially supported by the Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture Agency, this second exhibition was formed with the objects that belong to the 16th-17th centuries, the peace period between the Ottoman and Russian empires. Approximately one hundred objects will be displayed in the exhibition, showing the czars with their different sides like being the head of the state and the army commander; during the palace ceremonies and their private lives and also their religious positions. In the exhibition there are the ceremonial, warfare and hunting weapons which were produced for the czar in the armory, one of the first workshops of the Kremlin Palace in Moscow, which is still operated as the Armory Museum. There are also the ceremonial harnesses for the horses which were produced in another workshop named ‘the Superiority of Stables’; the objects produced by the craftsmen of the gold...
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...Tourist Attractions On the agenda of every trip to Moscow is a trip to Red Square, the historic core of the Russian capital. All important streets start here. St. Basil’s cathedral was built in the 16th century by Ivan the Terrible. It has nine small colorful domes with chapels. The Kremlin Palace is a large fortress that was once the residence of the Russian tsars. Today it is the official residence of the Russian president. Unfortunately, however, tourists are only allowed to see the outside walls of the palace. The Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts shows objects from the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece and Rome as well as paintings of famous European artists. Modern architecture includes Lenin’s mausoleum and the GUM shopping mall. Boat trips along the Moskva River offer a completely different view of Moscow. You can see the city’s most interesting features while enjoying a comfortable ride. The famous Bolshoi Theatre is a historic theatre in Moscow that holds performances of opera and a world – class ballet. It was founded in the 18th century and has been undergoing restoration for some years. The State History Museum has an enormous collection covering the whole Russian empire from the time of the Stone Age. The building, dating from the late 19th century, is itself an attraction – each room is in the style of a different period or region, some with highly decorated walls echoing old Russian churches. Reopened in 1997, each year sees the addition of a few more Galleries...
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...documents from Russian headquarters at Kremlin. When they reach the headquarters they realize that it was a trap set up to show as if CIA has plotted bomb in the Headquarters. Now implicated for bombing Kremlin, Tom cruise has only one option left to find the real culprits and prevent them to prove that they aren’t behind the bombing. Agent hannove along with Agent Carter and Benji were on a mission to steal important nuclear document from some Russian person. When they successfully steal the document from the person they realize that they weren’t the only one after the document. There were others who were after the documents and they start following agent hannove as soon as he stole the documents. Agent Hannove tries to escape but is killed by an assassin who also steals the nuclear document from him. Now CIA wants document related to these nuclear document from Kremlin for which they freed Agent Hunt from Russian prison. When Ethan and his team successfully breach into kremlin headquarters they get to know that the documents were already stolen. Someone had made a trap to implicate that Agent Hunt and his team is involved in bombing the building. As Agent Hunt and his team escapes the building but agent Hunt injured by bombing and fall unconscious. He is caught by Russian police but manages to run away again. It is revealed that Nuclear Extremist want nuclear war between US and Russia and they have stolen secret nuclear document from Kremlin and planted bomb in it. the Now his...
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...Why did Russia interfere in the 2005 Ukrainian Presidential election? Ukraine is Russia's largest European neighbour. Regardless of their common history, Ukrainian domestic policies have a significant impact on Russia's perceived interest. Parts of Ukraine have been under Russian rule sine the 17th century. Eastern parts of Ukraine had been continually subjected to dominance from the Russian Empire and later the Soviet Union. Western Ukraine did not join the Soviet Union until 1939. The country has a history of fragmentation that continues to this day, this is exasperated Russia's continued desire to meddle in the domestic affairs of former republics of the Soviet Union. When the Soviet Union dissolved in in 1991, Ukraine received their independence but there was no great change in policy. Former members of the Communist Party managed to remain power without much difficulty. Opposition parties found it difficult to break their stranglehold on power. In the late Soviet era the Communist Party of Ukraine began to accumulate vast sums of sums of cash.[1] Much of this cash disappeared when the Communist Party disbanded after the collapse of the Soviet Union. However much of this money was reinvested to ensure the same people form the Communist Party stayed in power. Leonid Kuchma was elected President in 2004. he had previously been Prime Minister without much note. However he won the election against incumbent Leonid Kravchuk with 52% of the vote.[2] Due to his election as...
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...Russian Energy Strategy in Natural Gas Sector By Vlad Ivanenko1 December 2006 Abstract: Gazprom, one of the least reformed and most successful Russian companies, is largely responsible for defining national energy strategy. The consumers of Russian gas – the EU and post-Soviet countries – pay increasing attentions to the ways this company operates. This paper outlines the constraints faced by the Russian government and Gazprom management and lists options that these two players can employ transforming Russian energy might into economic benefits. PhD economics (University of Western Ontario) and senior trade analyst (Ottawa). E-mail: ivanenko60@yahoo.com 1 1 Introduction The natural gas sector is the least reformed and, apparently, the most successful industry in the Russian economy. Unlike the oil extraction sector –which was broken up and privatized in the early 1990s – natural gas production and distribution networks were preserved, with few exceptions, in the state-controlled monopoly Gazprom. Correspondingly, the Russian gas industry avoided ruinous warfare that the oil barons – former insiders and well-connected newcomers – waged fighting for control, ownership, and export quotas. Likewise, the natural gas sector was largely spared the troubles that befell on some oil majors (e.g. on YuKOS) which did not fall in line after the state changed its policy on energy resources in 2003. It is unsurprising that Gazprom is at the spearhead of the current Russian search...
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...In the National Security Council's "Cold War Objectives" (NSC-68) document a description of the fundamental design of the Kremlin portrays a grim image of inevitable confrontation with the Soviet Union. In the context of describing the Kremlin’s design, the document positions the US as a perceived obstacle and adversary of the Kremlin and assumes that the Kremlin view includes an imperative to destroy or subvert the US by any means necessary. While the document called for a massive peace time mobilization and increase in spending to contain the military threat in the Soviet Union, decades later, the fall of the Soviet Union can be seen as either the ultimate success of the policies it advocated or rather the repudiation of its gross exaggerations of Soviet power. Contrary to assumptions in NSC-68, the economic power of the Soviet Union would turn out to be on path of decline rather than improvement and it would eventually lead to the unraveling of the Soviet Union. With indicatives lead by Soviet leaders Boris Yeltsin and Gorbachev, the Soviet Union aligns itself towards marketization in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. With the economy in limbo, a re-alignment of Soviet foreign policies ensues virtually ending the cold war. Gorbachev pursues what is seen as concessionary foreign policy based on the idea that the world is all interdependent and that global relationship would prevail over East-West divide, effectively an annulment of the idea of the Cold War. In the 1950’s...
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...Cruise as an IMF-agent named Ethan Hunt. The film is set in many countries of the world for example Russia, Hungary and the United States of America. it takes place in the 21th Century. The terrorist nicknamed 'Cobalt' plans to start a nuclear war, because of that he signs a contract killer on to steal the Russian launch code in Budapest while he erases his records in the Kremlin. Ethan Hunt is assigned to retrieve Cobalt's identity in the Kremlin, but the terrorists arrive first and bomb it. The IMF is blamed for the bombing and the president of the USA shuts down the organization by invoking the so called 'Ghost Protocol'. Ethan Hunt and his team tries to clear the name of the IMF and attempt to avoid Cobalt from bombing the USA. In the end they are successful. The main character is Ethan Hunt and he is a really intelligent and relaxed middle-aged agent. The soundtrack is amazing and it fits perfectly to the plot, just as like the really great special effects. I really enjoyed the whole series of the M:I's but this part is my preferred one. My favourite scenes were the bombing of the Kremlin and the gunfights. I've watched the film together with my friends at home because of that I can really recommend to watch it with your friends. There wasn't much speaking in the whole film so you can discuss the scenes with friends. The IMF-Team of Ethan...
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...Figure 3: Gerasimov, Aleksandr (1881-1963). I.V. Stalin and K.E. Voroshilov in the Kremlin After Rain, 1938. Oil on canvas, 296 x 386 cm. The State Tretyakov Gallery. We can see how Stalin’s height is amplified n the painting of him and the leader of the Red Army, Kliment Voroshilov (fig. 3). In this painting, we see Stalin and Voroshilov taking a walk in the Kremlin, with the Kremlin towers and a panorama of Moscow in the background. Again, we can see the ‘utopian gaze’ on Stalin’s face: the furrowed eyebrows and the narrowed eyes, staring into a point far outside the dimensions of the canvas. Another striking feature of this painting however, is the height of Stalin. He is depicted as the taller man due to his position of being closer to...
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...Modern Russian Foreign Policy In the 20 years since the fall of communism, Russia has seen tumultuous times. In a relatively short period of time, a former world superpower has suffered through dramatic changes – some positive, and some painful. The 1980s ultimately brought about the fall of communist U.S.S.R, the 1990s showed the world the phoenix-like rise of democracy from the ashes of communism, and the 2000s have now shown us the rise of autocracy, or “sovereign democracy” , wrapped in a Russian flag. The Russian state that enters into this new decade is an entirely different state than that of its communist, or even democratic, predecessors. Such quick, drastic changes and Western inexperience in dealing with Russia’s new form of democracy has left Western governments sometimes scrambling to find a proper response to the actions of a Russia which they do not understand. The foreign policy and resulting actions of 21st century Russia are often misinterpreted by Western powers as those of a belligerent and sometimes antagonistic state. Western media also often does not understand and does not accurately convey Russia’s foreign policy goals to the public, sometimes deciding to demonize Russia and capitalize on the fact that much of the Western populace sees little distinction between the actions of modern Russia and those of the Soviet Union. Miscalculated Western foreign policy leads to nearly the same situation inside of Russia, where an antagonistic West can only...
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...Russian Foreign Policy in Central Asia since 2013: Assessing the successes and failures Generally it is assumed that Russian foreign policy in Central Asia has been characterized by “neo-imperialism”. Yet this is statement is only partially true considering the fact that Moscow’s policies within its “sphere of influence” have not be static, and have been characterized by sweeping modifications. Since the breakup of Soviet Union, Russian policy in Central Asia has gone through drastic transformations and its influence in the region has varied over time. At present, Russian authority in Central Asia is weakening, yet the Kremlin continues to utilize number of political, institutional and economic strategies to prolong its presence there. Multilateral as well as Bilateral arrangements, and economic and energy leverages combined with cultural instructions are widely implemented in order to maintain Russian influence in Central Asia. Considering the fact that states in the region most importantly though not solely Kazakhstan, have begun to search for diversification and partnership with other great powers, they have gained a certain degree of independence from Moscow. Besides, in recent years China has emerged in Central Asia as an important rival to Russia in terms of influence, and has already established multiple agreements and investments with all of the states in the region. The degree of independence that Central Asian states have managed to gain due to their conviction to act...
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...developed and less developed countries today; what is more, their causes are not entirely understood. There is also little evidence that Russia's political leadership has been able to enact policies that have any long-term hope of correcting this slide. This peacetime population crisis threatens Russia's economic outlook, its ambitions to modernize and develop, and quite possibly its security. In other words, Russia's demographic travails have terrible and outsized implications, both for those inside the country's borders and for those beyond. The humanitarian toll has already been immense, and the continuing economic cost threatens to be huge; no less important, Russia's demographic decline portends ominously for the external behavior of the Kremlin, which will have to confront a far less...
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...van de persvrijheid. (Reporters Without Borders, 2014). Poetin werd in 2000 president van Rusland. Hij is momenteel in zijn derde termijn van presidentschap. Poetin wordt veelal bekritiseerd vanwege zijn harde optreden tegen opstanden tegen het regeringsbeleid en vanwege zijn onderdrukking van de persvrijheid. In Rusland zijn sinds Poetin president is geworden negenentwintig journalisten om het leven gebracht, in directe connectie tot hun werk. (Reporters Without Borders, z.d.) Een van de meest bekende voorvallen is de moord op Anna Politkovskaya. Bovendien stelt Kimmage dat het Kremlin, de citadel van Moscow waar zich onder andere de Russische regering bevindt, direct of indirect controle heeft over alle vormen van massa media binnen Rusland. (2009) Mainstream massamedia, van nationale televisiezenders tot grote kranten, staan onder directe controle van de staat of staan onder het bestuur van Kremlin-friendly zakelijke magnaten. (Kimmage, 2009) In deze paper staat de volgende vraag centraal: hoe is het gesteld met de persvrijheid in Rusland en hoe verschilt deze situatie met die in Nederland? Om de situatie van de persvrijheid in Rusland te schetsen komt als eerst de manier waarop de grote, nationale vormen van massamedia worden bestuurd aan bod. Daarna wordt besproken hoe de kleinere, regionale vormen van massamedia worden...
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...Indicate the conflict. The annexation of the Crimean Autonomous Republic and the city of Sevastopol. Describe the conflict. This problem is ostensibly ethnic. But the main reason is to establish the political power of Russia in the region. Is there any theory (conflict resolution, peace making regarding this conflict?(Theoretical background). We have solution ,but it is difficult to perform. The accusation against Russia in this case is appropriate. Because she breached an agreements . Let’s consider the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership (effective 1/4/1999), the Treaty on the Ukrainian-Russian state border (in force since 23.04.2004), the agreement on the division of the Black Sea Fleet, its status, and others. According to them, the two sides pledged to respect the independence of the "inviolability of borders" and each other's sovereignty. Russia should respond according to international law. In addition, Ukraine and Russia are parties to a number of multilateral treaties under which undertook similar commitments. First of all, we are talking about the famous 1994 Budapest Memorandum, pursuant to which the US, Britain and Russia (later joined by France and China) have given guarantees regarding Ukraine's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity. Give detailed information regarding the historical background of the conflict. Two countries have built entire set of international legal instruments to hope for the continuation of building equitable...
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...that he held the position of deputy mayor. In 1998, Putin was appointed deputy head of management under Boris Yeltsin's presidential administration. In that position, he was in charge of the Kremlin's relations with the regional governments. Vladimir Putin first appeared heavily under the spotlight in 1998 when former President Boris Yeltsen appointed Putin as the head of Federal Security Services (FSB), the FSB was the successor of the former KGB. Evgeni Primakov was appointed as a prime minister, Primakov later on appointed Yuri Skuratov as a general prosecutor. Skuratov first’s inquiry was within the Kremlin’s wall. His assignment was to investigate the renovation of the Kremlin. Yeltsin was directly involved with this unethical affair where millions of dollars were washed in the renovation of Kremlin. Vladimir Putin as a director of the FSB was asked to take care of the situation and soon enough Putin forced Skuratov to resign. “Skuratov immediately experienced the sudden withdrawal of power in all its forms. His official phone went dead. His team of 30 guards suddenly disappeared, replaced by strange faces. He was no longer welcome in his own office.” (Robyn Dixon, 1999). Putin became someone who the oligarchs and Yeltsen trusted, they felt...
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...The year 2011 will go down in global corporate history as the year when one of the world’s largest energy companies, BP, and the Russian state company, Rosneft, unsuccessfully attempted to form a strategic partnership on Arctic development. This failure was caused by the contractual and legal objections of the AAR consortium - BP’s partners in the Russian oil company TNK-BP. In 2003-5, BP and the AAR consortium led by three billionaires with Russian connections - Mikhail Fridman, Len Blavatnik, and Viktor Vekselberg - merged their Russian oil corporate assets - TNK, Sidanko, and Onako and their subsidiaries - under the umbrella of TNK-BP.2 This joint venture was established on a 50/50 basis, the operation of which required mutual joint decision making. The partners also signed a shareholding agreement on TNK- BP’s right of first refusal in relation to potential future oil and gas projects offered to BP or AAR in Russia and Ukraine. This agreement was subsequently used by AAR to stop the BP-Rosneft deal in international courts. Unfortunately, this was not the first time that BP had been unable to change the way it conducted its business in Russia. The first example occurred in 2007-8 when BP was reported to be keen on having Gazprom as a partner instead of AAR. This move would have transformed the TNK-BP joint venture into Gazprom-BP. This did not transpire. Second, in the spring-summer 2008, there was a turbulent ‘misunderstanding’...
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