...efforts which brought thousands of refugee Jewish children to Great Britain from Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1940. * Following Kristallnacht, which was a violent pogrom staged by the Nazi authorities to destroy Jewish property November 9-10, 1938, the British government eased immigration restrictions for certain categories of Jewish refugees. * Spurred by British public opinion and the persistent efforts of refuge aid committees, like the Committee for the Jews of Germany and the Movement for the care of Children from Germany, British authorities agreed to permit a number of unspecified children under the age of 17 to enter Great Britain. * Organization and private citizens had guaranteed to pay for each child’s care, education and eventual emigration from Britain. * In return for the guarantee, the British government agreed to allow the unaccompanied refugee children to enter the country on temporary travel visas. At the time it was understood that after the “crisis was over” the children would return to their families. * Parent or guardians could not accompany their children. * Infants were tended by other children in the transport. * The first Kindertransport arrived in Harwich, Great Britain on December 2, 1938 bringing around 200 children from a Jewish orphanage in Berlin which was destroyed in the Kristallnacht pogrom. * Many transports left by train from Berlin, Vienna, Prague, and other major cities in central Europe. They traveled...
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...The first outright discriminatory laws against Jewish people came in 1933. These laws stated Jews could not hold a position in any branch of government and they were allowed no admission to universities. In the coming years, these anti-Semitic laws grew in their absurdity, exponentially. Jews were deprived of their citizenship, more and more job opportunities were taken away, they were not allow to own a vehicle, denied admission to public schools, and stripped of their property. All of these events were leading up to one harsh attack, the Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass). On November 9, 1938, Nazi soldiers killed dozens of Jews, destroyed hundreds of homes in Jewish neighborhoods, and set fire to nearly all of the Jewish temples in Germany. After the Kristallnacht, the Nazis sent more than 30,000 Jews to concentration camps. Hundreds or thousands fled the country. In 1933, Hitler began the process of German rearmament and militarization that would eventually lead to World War 11. Hitler's plan to dominate the world...
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...Kristallnacht was an event that had devastated the whole Jewish population and had created many struggles for the Jewish people. This event was also known as Night of Broken Glass when the Germans attacked the Jewish people’s home and business shops purposely. The Germans had planned to attack the Jewish Germans that night and had told the policemen to do it too. They had broke glass and many other of the Jewish people’s belongings as well and for the Jewish people, it was one of the most terrifying times in the Holocaust too. Multiple Jewish aspects were affected by Kristallnacht because the event had affected the Jewish people emotionally, physically, and in financial ways. One of the Jewish people’s aspect was their security or their safety. When Kristallnacht had occurred the Germans had been been sent out to destroy everything of the Jewish people’s belongings. When this occurred they had attacked every Jewish person and their home or their churches too. This had caused them to think they were safe because none of the German police protected them from when the Germans attacked them....
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...Kristallnacht was absolutely devastating to Jews in Germany. Reynard Heydrich, second in command of the SS (the Nazis in charge of the German police and concentration camps), submitted a report after Kristallnacht that stated, “…815 shops destroyed, 171 dwelling houses set on fire or destroyed… 119 synagogues were set on fire, and another 76 completely destroyed… 20,000 Jews were arrested, 36 deaths were reported and those seriously injured were also numbered at 36…” (qtd. in History.com Staff par. 5). However, after the event, the numbers were estimated to have been much larger, with over 7,000 shops destroyed and more than 250 synagogues burned. The Night of Broken Glass actually got its name from the amount of shattered glass that littered the street after the event; the glass came from the windows of Jewish-owned shops. The morning after, about...
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...The Changing of Jewish Life With the rise of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party between 1933 and 1939, Jewish life was changed drastically. This was due to a combination of factors such as Hitler’s rise to power and anti-semitic beliefs, Nuremberg Laws, and Kristallnacht. This essay will serve to explore Jewish life prior to 1933 and explain the many factors that attributed to the changing of Jewish life from 1933 to 1939. Anti-semitism has existed for about two thousand years throughout Europe, but despite this, the life of German Jews was reasonably peaceful before 1933 (Berenbaum 2018). Anti-semitism existed in many forms such as the Jews being scapegoated for the cause of the Black Plague and the death of Christ, as well as employment...
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...World War 2 History Assignment World war 2 was an impactful event in jewish history, more than Six million jews suffered at the reign of Adolf Hitler and his Nazi artillery.Hitler was obsessed with the jews but not in a good and caring way, he saw them as a threat to his beliefs and considered them to germany.The Nazi party was formed in 1918 by an individual by the name of Anton Drexler and was originally called the DAP (German workers party).Hitler was then invited to speak at one of the DAP meetings and Anton liked hitler's enthusiasm so much that he joined the group as the 55th member and quickly became the main speaker and the leader of the party ruling over an enormous nazi army. Although there was some racism against...
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...before World War 2 broke out, Jewish people were heavily persecuted in German-occupied territories. Severe anti-semitism caused many Jewish people to be in grave danger, even children. One particularly heinous act called Kristallnacht, which translated means “Night of Broken Glass”, led the British government to rethink their hesitance to refuse Jewish refugees entry to their country. After this, efforts were made to coordinate the rescue of many Jewish people and the focus was heavily on children. Thus, the Kindertransport was born. On November 9, 1938 in Nazi Germany, over 1,000 synagogues were destroyed, 700 Jewish shops were attacked, and over 90 people were killed in an event labeled Kristallnacht. Hearing about this atrocity promoted a debate in the British House of Commons regarding Jewish refugees. The British government had...
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...Eric Snyder History 300W Reign of Terror: German Public Opinion of the Jews 1933-1939 Historian Marc Bloch describes history as something that is “progressive which constantly transforms and perfects itself.” There are many different opinions that persist in pre-war Nazi Germany. There is the opinion of the Jewish people living in Germany, the opinion of the Nazis living in Germany under the command of Adolf Hitler, and there is the opinion of the German people who were not Nazis which this paper is focused on. Events such as Kristallnacht positively affected the opinion of the Jewish people to the German public during pre-war Nazi Germany. The Chancellor of Germany from 1933-1945 was Adolf Hitler, an outspoken anti-Semitic man who was an accomplished mimic, an excellent actor, and “used language in a way that was untranslatably funny.” Hitler believed that the Jewish people were inferior to his Aryan race. Hitler believed that race was not only defined by skin color or heritage, it was defined by an elitist set of criteria that had to be met such as a person’s religion, or ideals. As a result, any intermingling or marriage or offspring made by an Aryan and any other race was downright wrong in Hitler’s eyes. He says of intermingling of the races that, “If Nature does not wish that weaker individuals should mate with the stronger, she wishes even less that a superior race should intermingle with an inferior one; because in such a case all her efforts, throughout hundreds...
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...people in Germany, especially those who were unemployed were the ones who were benefited by some of the economical changes that the Nazis made. However, German communists, social democrats, Jews, and other people whom the Nazis took a prejudiced view of had to undergo many hardships during the period of the changes. Since the year Hitler became Führer and gained absolute power, many events occurred that changed the course of German history and took a heavy toll of human lives. The following paragraphs are about how Hitler and the Nazi party started the political, economical, and social events, and what kind of effects they had on the people. The political events include ‘Night of the long knives’, Terror Campaign, Nuremberg laws, and Kristallnacht. The first major event that took place in the year 1934 was ‘Night of the long knives’. This was triggered by the increasing power of the SA, the private army of the Nazi party. Hitler needed to stop this in order to gain support from the army that objected to the SA. So, Hitler ordered the SS, his bodyguard, to kill SA leaders and his private enemies as well. After this massacre Hitler became more powerful, and after one and a half months President Hindenburg died, so, Hitler became both Führer and Reich Chancellor. Terror campaign was carried out, too, and political prisoners, Jehovah’s witnesses, Anti-Socials, criminals, homosexuals, emigrants, and Jews were sent to concentration camps and suffered several kinds of cruelty. They were...
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...will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.” This quote explains how martin feels his children should live, the right way. If that were me I would listen to what he had to say because I would want my children to feel like they were equal. I would never want them to go through what a lot of people went through. That’s why I feel people had a wake up call when he said that and agreed with him from then on. No one wanted anyone, especially children to go through this sad time. Kristallnacht was known as the night of broken glass; a terrible way Hitler thought was a good idea to get his way. ”Kristallnacht provided the Nazi government with an opportunity at last to totally remove jews from german public life.”-pbs.org This quote is important because it is explaining what the Nazi’s were attempting to do to the Jews. The Nazi’s were told to take away Jews as if they never existed. Personally I think the quote means Kristallnacht was just a diversion in order to exterminate the Jews faster. I also feel the Nazi government thought it would be easy to take them all away if something gave them an excuse to do it. The quote and my explanation correspond with each other. This is because the quote tells you why it started and I simplified it into a shorter version of the quote. The holocaust memorial can be located in Boston. There are 5 glass smoke stacks. They represent the main concentration camps. They also represent the survivors who risked their...
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...The Nuremberg Laws: A Giant Step Backward Josh Portnoy The West and the World Period 7 5/10/13 In 1935, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party’s anti-Semitic ideas were gaining strength in many parts of Germany. Many restaurants and department stores displayed signs that forbade Jews from entering, and some areas of Germany banned Jews from using public transportation or public parks. Thousands of Jewish teachers and civil servants had been laid off, national boycotts enforced by paramilitary forces regularly barred Germans from buying from Jewish businesses, and citizens were discouraged from visiting Jewish doctors and lawyers. These actions were intended to cause a mass emigration of Jews from Germany. During the annual Nazi Party Rally held in Nuremberg in September 1935, Adolf Hitler passed two new laws, the Reich Citizenship Law and the Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor. These laws—to be know as the “Nuremberg Laws”-- deprived Jews of German citizenship and many civil rights. Unresolved in the initial Nuremberg Laws were the actual definition of Jews. The first of thirteen supplementary decrees, all designating the biological composition of Jewish blood, was published on November 14, l935, and defined Jews in terms of their lineage. These laws enforced a new morality on Germans that made it acceptable to ostracize, discriminate, and expel Jews from society. According to Hitler, the...
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...helped Muller escape from the collapsing building, gave him some water, and asked him why he was taking part in the mistreatment of the Jews. "I obey orders," Muller replied, unrepentant about what he did. Also, when Bertha Weiss was sent to the gas chambers in Auschwitz, Dr. Joseph Weiss asked the Kapo what happened to her. The lady bluntly retorted, "Don't blame me, I just take orders." Whether to keep a job, remain loyal to their cause, or just because they had no other excuse, everyone used that phrase to justify what they did wrong against the Jews. Anti-Semitism and unfair grudges are two factors that can cause Genocide. During the movie, Eric Dorf claimed he did not feel bad about Kristallnacht or what happened to the Jews, because he said the Jews provoked it. Even though Kristallnacht was the first major pogrom, a government sponsored attack on the Jews, and was terribly destructive, Eric said that they killed Christ and they deserved what they got (The Holocaust). In addition, Heydrich believed that Germans and the Aryan race was superior to the Jewish race and they had to "isolate the germ carriers" (The Holocaust), so he decided to go through with the plan for Jewish ghettos. The ghettos were intended to hold the Jews in a temporary Jewish community until they could be efficiently exterminated. This demonstrates how Anti-Semitism and grudges can produce Genocide. In the video, "Conversations With Oprah: Elie Wiesel", Wiesel explains that the most important...
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...agenda to accomplish after invading Romania was to create a separation of the Jewish people into what was referred as ghettos. On Page 11 of Night, the writer gives us a description of the Ghetto they were put into. For instance, Elie comments, ¨Little by little, life returned to ´Normal´ ¨The barbed wire that encircled us like a wall did not fill us with fear.¨ This act shows to the Jewish people that they do not belong to the “normal” part of society and the barbed wire just symbolizes their separation this can really make them question themselves as if people and the religion that they worship. Another example of how Germans showed a separation between the Jewish people and the ¨Other People¨ was on the night of Kristallnacht Nov 9, 1938-Nov 10.The night of Kristallnacht is a night in which Jewish businesses, homes,and places of worship (Synagogues) were vandalized looted and in some cases burnt to the ground....
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...The oppression of Jews started with laws restricting their freedom and led up to Kristallnacht. After that night, Britain decided to let an unspecified number of kids into the country. They were sponsored through many organizations. The miners were forced to say goodbye to their parents as they traveled to a completely different country. Some children were assigned to foster homes while others stayed in several types of group settings. After the war, the majority of children learned that their parents passed away. Their minds suffered because of the losses they had. Because of kindertransport, a grand number of children were rescued before they could be killed by the Nazis. They went on to share their stories, so that the Holocaust would never be...
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...Jared Livingston Grade 12 Period 3-4 February 11, 2014 American History The Holocaust The Holocaust was one of the twentieth century's greatest tragedy that left a mark of tragic and horror to all Jews. The tragedy began at January 30th, 1933 and ended at May 8th, 1945, when the war in Europe ended. Millions of people died during the Holocaust, some were killed by machine guns, gas chambers, getting burned, while others died due to starvation, abuse and diseases. Adolf Hitler, the leader of Nazi Germany, was a heartless and uncaring man. He was born on April 20, 1889 in a small Austrian town of Braunau near Germany’s border. Hitler’s father Alios Hitler was a short-tempered, strict and brutal father. It is known that Alios would always beat Hitler when he was young. Hitler’s mother, Klara Hitler, was the opposite of Alios Hitler. She was very caring and loving to her son. When Hitler’s father died, Hitler dropped out of school at an early age because he lost his strong influence into keeping him at school. His mother supported him with this idea. Hitler loved and showed so much companionship to his mother more than his father. When she died at 1907, her death affected him far more deeply than the death of his father. He carried her picture wherever he went and, it is claimed that he had the photo in his hand when he died in 1945. Hitler and the Nazis were the masterminds of the Holocaust. Hitler had so much arrogance in him. He hated and envied the Jews. The Jews at...
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