...bargaining process used by pro sports leagues and player unions to structure player-ballclub relations. The main point of collective bargaining in sports is: (1) relates to the division of revenue between owners and player; (2) the desire of the parties to assure competitive balance and keep general health of the league and its market opportunity. B. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING - GENERALLY: Is a process by which a group of workers of an industry bargain or negotiate as a collective whole (unit) with the management to determine the working conditions, benefits, and salaries of the industry. Governed by: Nation Labor Relations Act. PLAYING FOR DOLLARS: LABOR RELATIONS AND THE SPORTS BUSINESS 7-13 (1996) Sports Industry Model – three main participants in the relations’ function are government, management, and labor; government’s role is primarily the regulator of the other two parts. Government: Federal Government regulates with its 3 branches, National Labor Relations Act of 1935 is framework, NLR Board and federal courts interpret and apply the law to collective bargaining, strikes, and antitrust policy – substantial effects on sports industry ♠Management: Operate through league structures and team ownership, provides for the planning, supervision, and control of corporate enterprise decisions. ♠Labor: Refers to players and their unions. The objective of the sports union is to promote its effectiveness in collective bargaining. In Achieving its objectives the union must: (1) Engages in...
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...fighting for the lifeblood movement of labour union (Kovach, 1977). Till to date, 23 states of U.S. have adopted RTW laws, whereas other state's legislature (i.e Ohio, Michugan and New Hampshire) debate on this law (Collins, 2012). Since RTW has created different opinion among different people, researches have been conducted widely to find out differences from numerous perspectives (ie. social, economic, employment etc.) among RTW states and union security states. However, research result is inconclusive, since one can gain limited knowledge on the probable insights that a RTW and non-RTW state may provide(Collins, 2012). For a long period of time, anti-union members are applauding RTW laws by claiming this law is providing freedom of choice to the workers, whether they want to join a union voluntarily. In contrast, I find a hidden motive behind this legislation; that is- employers gain the most from RTW laws. Therefore, in this report focus will be given to analyze how employers are gaining the most from this law by depriving the workers. First of all, in a RTW state employers get advantage in getting works done at owner's terms, since workers cannot raise their voice to oppose those conditions through collective bargaining process. For example, employers enjoy flexibility in recruitment, termination and wage settlement issues without any intervention from the workers. (Collins, 2012). This happens because in a RTW state union organizing declines with the passage of time (Ellwood...
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...Table of Contents 1 The Ethical Issue – Whether to Pay NCAA Football Student-Athletes 3 1.1 The Case For Maintaining the Current System - Not Paying NCAA Football Student-Athletes 4 1.2 The Case For Paying NCAA Football Student-Athletes 6 1.3 Conclusion 11 1.4 References 13 The Ethical Issue – Whether to Pay NCAA Football Student-Athletes Top college football programs make hundreds of millions of dollars in revenues each year, all without having to pay the people who actually play the game. Is it ethical for colleges to not pay their football stars for playing their hearts out on the field, building popular branding images for themselves and their school, and for the collective big-money earnings and prestige that often comes to their schools? Or is indirect payment to these players in the form of a free undergraduate education and college degree through an athletic scholarship sufficient enough? In the 2012 NFL season, 1,947 players played in at least one game. Of those, 62% attended college at one of the five “power conferences” in the U.S., and only one of those players did not attend college at all.[i] Donald Remy, the NCAA chief legal officer has said, “The NCAA’s rules do not force athletes who wish to be professionals to enroll in school,”[ii] yet premier NCAA schools clearly offer the best path to fulfilling these hopeful football players’ dreams. Nevertheless, despite the more opportunistic path of attending a Division...
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...MG420 Labor Relations Research Assignment 21 February 2016 Instructor: 1. Define the term “collective bargaining” and list and describe four issues that are mandatory components of a collective bargaining agreement. Efficiency, equity, and voice are the fundamental goal of labor relations and collective bargaining is a critical tool in maintaining and achieving this goal (Budd, 2013, p. 5). Collective bargaining are negotiations between employee and employer representatives concerning terms and conditions of employment that applies to the employees (Cornell University Law School, n.d.). The collective bargaining process results in a legally binding agreement between upper management and union members. The agreement through collective bargaining cover many areas, to include: compensations (wages, benefits, holidays/vacations, shift premiums and profit sharing), personnel policies and procedures (layoff, promotion, transfer policies, overtime and vacation rules), employee rights and responsibilities (seniority rights, job standards and workplace rules), employer rights and responsibilities (management rights, just cause discipline and discharge, subcontracting and safety standards), union rights and responsibilities (recognition as bargaining agent, bulletin board, union security, dues checkoff, shop stewards and no strike clauses) and dispute resolution and ongoing decision making (grievance procedures, committees, consultation and renegotiation procedures) (Budd...
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...that spark a sense of pride and belonging. A collective bargaining agreement would destroy military leadership’s ability to deploy members when needed. When employers and a group of employees negotiate to reach an agreement that regulates working conditions, it is called collective bargaining. The group of employees is usually the union. When collective bargaining is taking place there are four issues that are mandatory components. They are compensation, personnel policies, and employee and employer rights and responsibilities. Compensation has to do with the wages, benefits, vacations, holidays, shift premiums, and profit sharing of the employee. Personnel policies and procedures involve layoff, promotion, transfer policies, overtime and vacation rules. Seniority rights, job standards and workplace rules falls under employee rights and responsibilities. Management rights just cause discipline and discharge, subcontracting, and safety standards fall under employer rights and responsibilities. The four primary issues are discussed in detail regarding the United States Postal Service and their respective Union. The Postal Service and the Union had to agree on a new collective...
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...The National Football League consists of two conferences, the American Football Conference and the National Football Conference. These conferences consist of 32 teams are divided into four divisions. The NFL players union was first formed as a result of poor conditions involving health care and threats to a player’s livelihood in the event of injury. Over time several events were instrumental in establishing the essential benefits that players have today. This paper will outline background information on the NFL while identifying some legal issues that the organization may encounter while determining which federal, state, or local laws could be affected as a result of these legal issues. Recommendations to minimize possible litigation will be provided along with addressing the organizations benefits of joining a union along with detailing the unionization and bargaining process and the effects this has on the organization. Professional football has become the most prevalent sport in America and the NFL has become the most prized sports enterprise in the world. The league sold more than 17 million game tickets in 2008 and an estimated three-quarters of the American population watched at least one NFL game on television (Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008). The NFL season culminates with a championship game; The Super Bowl held in February and has become one of the most popular happenings in American pop culture history. This has not been always the case. During its inception in...
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...National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) A few days ago, there was a vote on a controversial policy to permit changing workplace election rules regarding votes on union representation. The proposed rule at issue was the shortening of the amount of time between a union filing a petition to hold an election for union representation and the actual vote. While the vote was heavily favored by union and labor lobbyists, it was opposed by most business groups. Because most employers do not hear about the vote until they are notified by the NLRB, the shortening of the amount of time between the petition and the actual vote is very important. Each side has many important actions to take prior to an election. In terms of the union organizers, there is much that they need to do prior to the election. Before the vote can even happen, the union must collect authorization cards from 30 percent of the employees (saying they agree to be in a union). The union must then file a petition with the NLRB who becomes the referee in the process. Once this is done, the employer is notified to address any issues raised by the petition, such as the legitimacy of the petition signatures, which employees to include in the proposed bargaining unit, and so forth. The union must then prove there is an adequate showing of interest for the union (usually done with authorization cards). This is the most important thing the union must do before an election. If the union cannot gather enough interest from employees...
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...Harrison Nguyen December 1, 2011 Business Law 320 2-3:15 Cardinale NBA Lockout Every major sports league in the United States of America is a billion dollar revenue business. In a poll by Gallup, they surveyed that around roughly 65% of American citizens are sport fans. Basketball is a very complicated business with many different entities involved in its establishment. There are over 360 athletes playing in the NBA and each and every one of them must have a contract to be able to play. Owners and players must have contract terms to be breeched. With so much revenue coming in, the NBA must create contracts and agreements to establish how much of this money gets split up between the owners and players of the NBA. The NBA has a union for its players that helps its player’s band together and create better working conditions for its players such as better salary and contract terms, as well as other beneficial terms and agreements for its players. A union bargains with the employer, in this case the owners, on behalf of union members (player athletes), and negotiates labor contracts (collective bargaining agreement) with employers (owners). This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. In the NBA owners and players must agree on terms of the league’s revenue sharing, salary caps, luxury penalties, guaranteed contract lengths, and player...
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...14 4th January 2012 Child Labor Is Child Labor Acceptable in Pakistan? Child labor is a global phenomenon that is defined as the children working under the age of 14 or 16 years. While most of the developed world has been able to overcome with this so-called social evil, child labor has been prevailing in almost all of the developing countries. The International Labor Organization (ILO) and Human Rights Organizations have been active in eliminating the practice of child labor through the agreement on the protection of the rights of children and the labor. The issue of child labor came into consideration in Pakistan when most of the European countries in 1990s declared a boycott on the goods exported by developing countries that involved child labor. As a result, child labor laws were passed in Pakistan in 1991 which banned child labor in certain manufacturing sectors. According to Federal Bureau of Statistics, a survey funded by IPEC (International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor) showed that in 2010, the working children in Pakistan numbered to 3.8 million (Arshad n.p). Although it is argued that child labor deprives children from education and leads to immoral acts such as exploitation and child abuse, it can be justified in Pakistan considering the current economic situation and educational infrastructure in the country and because it could give some economic and social benefits to the nation; therefore, the ban against child labor may have drastic effects on...
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...LABOR RELATIONS MG420 Kevin Erne Instructor: Stephen Fant Park University Internet Campus A course paper presented to the School for Arts and Sciences and Distance Learning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Baccalaureate Labor Relations Park University November, 2012 1. Define the term “collective bargaining” and list and describe four issues that are mandatory components of a collective bargaining agreement. The Cornell University School of Law defines collective bargaining as the process of negotiating the conditions of employment between a group of employees and their employer (Cornell University Law School). In most cases, the employees are represented by a labor organization or union. The union bargains with the employer over such categories as compensation, personnel policies and procedures, employee rights and responsibilities, employer rights and responsibilities, union rights and responsibilities, and dispute resolution and ongoing decision making (Budd, 229-230). If all goes well and all parties involved come to an agreement the result of the negotiations ends with a collective bargaining agreement (CBA). If you were to conduct a Google search for “collective bargaining” your search results would be endless. I ran a search under news and came up with an article in the Huffington Post titled “Michigan Proposal 2: Should Voters Guarantee The Right To Collectively Bargain In the State Constitution...
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...the negotiations that happen between concerning parties are written into legally binding contracts and usually last from one to five years (Budd). On the Huffington Post website, a writer by the name of Amanda Terkel writes about the labor conflicts that happened in Wisconsin, Ohio, and Indiana states. Governor Scott Walker from the state of Wisconsin tried to deprive the state’s public-employee unions for having collective bargaining rights. He stated that this will make it possible to shore up the states estimated 3 billion loss. The legislative action that has caused major protest in Madison, Wisconsin, with gatherings around 25,000 protestors while Wisconsin’s Democratic senators have fled the state to stop the bill from being voted on. Thousands of opponents of Ohio’s Senate proposed collective bargaining overhaul surrounded the statehouse with chants of kill the ill prior to the hearing of Ohio’s Senate Bill 5. The bill is written to do away with collective bargaining rights to state employees and cut back the rights of local level government employees. While the state of Indiana’s legislature is considering a bill that will strip Indiana teachers of their collective bargaining rights between local districts and the teachers union. The goal of this bill is to focus on wages and wage related benefits. It would also limit teacher contracts to a length of two years to match with the length of the state of Indiana’s budget cycle. Ms. Terkel’s article makes a point to tell...
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...economy of campus sports has gone relatively unchallenged. Even now, the NCAA's rules against allowing players to be paid are supported by a majority of Americans, and many justify this clear injustice by arguing that college athletes are already getting the most valuable compensation possible: a "free" education. 10.8 million dollars for a media right deal might seem like a lot of money, but when you look at the amount of sponsors that are willing to put money into these intercollegiate sports tournaments, it might be understandable. Everything about the NCAA March Madness tournaments is branded. Ads from big companies like Coca Cola, AT&T and HP are constantly played during the broadcasts of the games. And it’s not just the NCAA making a lot of money of off the work of these athletes; also the schools are making exorbitant amounts of money. For one of our case studies we looked at some stats from the Northwestern University. The National Labor Relations Board found that Northwestern’s football team $235 million in revenue between 2003 and 2012. (Pepperman & McDonough, 2014) Another interesting statistic is that in 1996 a premier college athlete earned $500,000 dollars of revenue during his career. (Lemons, 2014) When we take into account the inflation that number today would be closer to $750,000 dollars. There is nothing inherently wrong with sporting events making a huge amount of money. The troubling part is, that in this billion-dollar college sport industry the players...
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...Case Study Andrew Sauls MGT 448 August 18th, 2014 University of Phoenix Case Study The Nike Firm is definitely the world’s leading company of athletic shoes and clothing. The company got its name from the Greek goddess of victory, and has achieved its reputation of becoming victorious within the sports niche for more than a decade. Nike has accumulated skyrocketing manufacturing numbers via independently hiring companies beyond the United States to manufacture. “Nike sold about 280 million sneakers, cross-trainers and running shoes last year. Doubling manufacturing workers' wages in China would cost Nike, which last year had revenues of almost $14 billion a year” (Dreier, 2007) Millions of people throughout the world have been in awe with the success of this organization. An incredible number of Americans have purchased merchandise produced by Nike. Nike provides a quality brand name that's supported by super stars and sports athletes; however millions of people are not aware exactly how Nikes involvement with outsourcing to third world nations has created great debate with labor unions, and more importantly employees within these countries.” Today’s global economy is characterized by rapid and at times wrenching changes, driven by competition, new technologies, and a continuing search for cheaper resources and markets” (Thinking Critically, 2008). Nike must bear in mind that together with the importance of manufacturing and supply of products and services they are...
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...Union and Labor Laws Timothy Cruz HRM 531 May 20, 2013 Union and Labor Laws The San Diego YMCA is a regional branch of the name YMCA. The YMCA can be found around the world with different departments that best fit the communities’ needs. The Border View YMCA main source of revenue through clientele is the childcare department. The Border View has a fitness center and sports program for children, however the prominent department is the childcare division. This company faces multiple legal issues in a daily basis. Important the veteran workers, retirement is suppose to be required for full-time employees who wish to seek this option. According to the Department of Labor (2011), the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) sets standards for employers ensuring that employee benefit plans are established and maintained in a fair and financially sound manner (para. 4). This company chooses to employ mainly part-time employees, however the select few who are full-time employees must be given the option of a retirement. To avoid these implications would be to advise employee both full-time and part-time of the companies retirement plan. This can inform people who it applies to or just the people who are interested for the future. In addition, any changes in these laws and retirement should be a topic to discuss at required meetings to prevent any future confusion and to keep the YMCA a reputable employer. This California Child...
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...| LABOR RELATIONSBYGERALD HODGESLABOR RELATIONS FALB10 Sec ADEVRY UNIVERSITY14 JAN 20111. From the beginning labor relations has an issue for the United States. Labor Relations is the area that organizations have to deal with between employees and management. Union leaders can use to minimize conflicts between employers and employees (such as strikes) and seek agreements. Unions are organizations formed for the purpose of representing their members' such as employees to deal with their issues. In this paper, I will identify how unions and labor relations impact organizations. I have interview Clinton Harris a labor officer for his organization from Computer company in Virginia. He is in the Nation guard and is currently deployed here with me in Afghanistan. The typical functions of Clinton Harris the labor officer are to manage labor relations program of organization. He analyzes collective bargaining agreement to make sure both sides are fair in terms wages, hours of work, work environment, and health care by contracts. | Clinton Harris advice management about labor relation laws and also interpretation of labor relations policies and practices within the organization. He prepares reports, using records of actions taken concerning grievances, and identifies problem areas. He also monitors implementation of policies concerning wages, hours, and working conditions, to ensure compliance with terms of labor contract. Clint has to research information about additional...
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