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Laboratory Experiment: Pendulum Bob

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The Simple Pendulum Laboratory Report
Abstract
The pendulum method is used for determination of the acceleration of gravity (g). The thin string used and a large mass reduces frictional effects and air drag. The long pendulum arm and a small swing about a small angle helps in the approximation of the simple harmonic motion. The slope of the graph was 0.23 while a graphical value of the acceleration of gravity was g=9.0824. The acceleration of gravity from the calculation was g = 9.7744.
Hypothesis
As the length of the string increases, the period (T) of oscillation increases
Introduction
In pendulum method, the period of oscillations is independent of the pendulum mass, but dependent of the square root of the string length. The simple pendulum setup can be used for the determination of acceleration of gravity value (g) (Cutnell, & Kenneth, 2013). The mass of the pendulum should be kept constant while the length of the string is varied. The length is the manipulated variable, period (T) a responding variable while the mass of the pendulum a fixed variable.
L=lengt
M= mass
X=amplitude
g = acceleration of gravity
1. From Newton’s 2nd law of motion
F= dp/dt
2. Hooke’s law
F = -kx, k is the spring constant and x is the displacement
Therefore, the back and forth motion can be expressed as w=2Πf =
Replacing the mass with a moment of inertia (I), then the equation becomes; w=2Πf = ) mw2=k For small angles of displacement, The equation below gives the time period in terms of the angular frequency w Substituting for w, then The acceleration of gravity should be small to ascertain the stability of the system during oscillation and also enable accurate determination of the period. A small angle of oscillation should be used so that the system exhibits simple harmonic motion (Cutnell, & Kenneth, 2013).
Experimental Set-Up
The clamp

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