...Iroquois Indians and Lacrosse Lacrosse is a sport played worldwide and is centerpiece of the Iroquois Indian culture. This sport involves using a small rubber ball and a long-handled stick called a crosse (aka lacrosse stick) and because this is a contact sport, it requires padding. The head of the lacrosse stick is strung with loose mesh that is designed to catch and hold the lacrosse ball. The object of the game is to score by shooting the call into the opponent’s goal. The stick can be used to catch, carry, and pass the ball. This game was introduced in 1750 by the Mohawk tribe. Iroquois loved to play lacrosse because it was a source of entertainment, physical conditioning, and it was also a religious celebration as a way to honor the Creator. One of the highly celebrated traditions goes back to the Iroquois Confederacy where young warriors staged a lacrosse game for one of the league founders, Hayewat-ha, to console him for the loss of his children. Not only is lacrosse played to please the Creator but also is a rite that is sacred to the Thunders, the seven honored grandfathers who move across the sky from west to east cleansing the earth with wind and rains. Often times, lacrosse is prescribed as a ritual healing, usually recommended through a dream or fortune teller. When the Iroquois would play lacrosse, there would be approximately 100 to 150+ men on a field of a few miles long. The teams would play until one team scored 2 of 3 or 3 of 5 goals. This often took days...
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...historical events that lead up to the 1980 Winter Olympics. Miracle specifically opened up with the historical footage against the Vietnam War in the 1960s. Our country endured the time where it was divided because of the support of the Vietnam War. To make things worst, the 1970’s was also a hard time for the United States. The United States had to deal President Richard Nixon’s Watergate Scandal during the year of 1974. A scene in the movie showed a headline saying “5 were arrested in connection to GOP.” Later stating that President Richard Nixon had resigned from office, making him the first president to step down. And the following years lead up to another problem known as the hostage crisis in Iran during 1979 to the 80’s. The film also accurately portrayed the oil crises in the film multiple times. The oil crisis was mentioned early on in the film and in the middle when the coaches were at a gas station filling up their bus. At the gas station there was a sign that announced that the gas station has gas today. O’Connor’s idea of adding Miracle’s historical highlight in the beginning of the film was most likely to educate the viewers that had little or no knowledge of the history leading up to the 1980 Winter Olympics. The film took place during the cold war, which was a state of hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II. Miracle was not only...
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...11/10/11 Foundations of HPE 8:00 Native American Influence on Sport Looking at today's sports it would be hard to guess that Native Americans had any type of influence on sports and recreation. The famous sports today make it hard to notice any type of culture mix other than a large debate about mascots. The larger and better known sports (football, baseball, basketball) all have hardly been influenced by Native Americans. Although, there are many ways the Native Americans have influenced recreaction we participate in and spectate today. The little effect has usually come from elite athletes with a strong Native American background. Jim Thorpe was naturally athletic and excelled in every sport he participated in. His credentials are a perfect example; he was a 2 time college football All American for Carlisle Pennsylvania. He also won many gold medals in the 1912 Olympics in the decathlon and pentathlon (Sports Experience, 1999)."Jim's contemporaries, including George Halas, give full credit to Jim Thorpe for the great success, the early success, in the formative years of the NFL." once said by Robert Wheeler. Another example is coach Phil Jackson (former Chicago Bulls head coach and present L.A. Lakers head coach), who used Native American superstition to improve the attitude of his players, including Michael Jordan (hall of famer), Kobe Bryant, and Shaq O’Neil. Coach Jackson used similar techniques used by the Lakota Sioux, such as burning sage because he believed...
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...1. I was born in Riverside, CA on November 27, 1992. I only have one other sibling who is older than I am. 2. My father, Edward, lives in California and is a business owner. My mother, April, lives in Connecticut and is a business owner. My brother, Robert (33), lives in Georgia and is a sales associate for AimShot. 3. I attended high school at Fairfield College Prepatory School in Connecticut and participated on both the football and lacrosse teams. I was a running back and strong safety for football and a midfielder for lacrosse. I then attended Bryant University majoring in international business and minoring in finance. I also played Division I football here as a running back. Some of my extra-curricular activities and hobbies include...
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...“Sprinting down left side field, heading toward the goal, split dodges left, up the center, right before the crease, Goal! Unbelievable, coming from the other end of the field, as a defensemen and scoring so effortlessly, must be in his blood,” states the overly zealous announcer. Who is he talking about? Me. Little does he know, that he is on to something. It is in my blood, part of my heritage and where a personal connection lies with being Native American. Lacrosse the sport of warriors and not for the weak of heart. Native Americans participated in these games dating back to the days of war amongst the Native American tribes. Playing until death, games would go on for days, weeks and sometimes months. Participating in lacrosse since fourth grade, I have always felt a connection to my Native American roots. My heritage of being Chippewa Indian has been celebrated through my family and tribe connections. While on vacation in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, I visit not only with my native american family but other tribe members as well. Keeping in touch with my culture because it is a big part of who I am....
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...My personal favorite time period in United States history is the Revolutionary War. In 1620, the pilgrims first landed here from England, and prior to the revolution, lived under the government and laws of their native country. Over time, the colonists became eager to gain their own freedom and become an independent country. The conflict began when English parliament began placing unfair taxes on the colonists on items like stamps and tea. Because of this, the colonists revolted, and in 1773, the event we now know as the Boston Tea Party occurred. Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty, an organization of leaders, politicians and members, boarded three British ships after sundown. Some were hesitant as they feared the law and whether or not they...
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...parks of Alaska and Hawaii. The Native Americans were very good at Hunting. They used bows and arrows and spears to kill most of their pray for food. Then they would cook what they caught over a fire. One of their largest games was bison. Other than Hunting, the Natives were very good at farming. Their first crop that they grew was squash. They also learned to grow cotton, sunflower, pumpkins, tobacco, goosefoot, knotgrass, and sump weed. But their one main item that they grew was maize, other known as corn. They used corn everyday as part of their diet. Also, the Natives were very religious however, they believed more in the spiritual side and Mother Nature. As far as sports go, they played something that was very similar of Lacrosse. Music and Art is another area that the Native Americans gave to the U.S. Most of their music included drums, rattles, as well flues and whistles (which at this time, was made from wood, cane, and bones). Did anyone know that Wayne Newton was of Native American descent? In 1830, President Andrew Jackson, passed a law called Indian Removal Act, which was used for Natives to sign over their land from the East and move to the West. Even...
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...rivers, lakes, and sea coasts. Choctaw hunters primarily used bows and arrows. Fishermen generally used fishing spears and nets. The women were farmers they farmed mostly corn, beans, squash, and sunflowers. Most Choctaw people speak English today. Some people, especially elders, also speak their native Choctaw language. Choctaw is a rhythmic language that is nearly identical to Chickasaw. They were a part of a group called the Muskogeans. They believed that along with other tribes they emerged from the earth and through a mound called Nanih Waiya in Mississippi. They believed the mans job in the tribe was to hunt and sometimes go to war to protect their families. The women were farmers and took care of the children and cooked. They have many sories about little people. They weave baskets, they are bead workers dancers, and musicians. Toli a lacrosse like stick and ball game was very popular for boy teenagers and young men. Girls usually played guessing games or played with their beaded dolls. Football, swimming and foot races were also a popular pastime...
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...forces were defeated by the British, he plotted, planned and fought to keep the English from overrunning Indian country. Brant the Mohawk chief sided with the King over Congress in the War of Independence and was finally forced to lead his defeated people to Canada to find homes on Canada's soil. Tecumseh the Shawnee chief threw his fortunes and forces with the British in the War of 1812 and gave his life in their service to save for his people land they were rapidly loosing. While all three great chiefs were valuable allies of the European powers their ultimate aim was the vain struggle to save for their people a place in the sun. "Pontiac is forever famous in the annals of North America" someone wrote as early as 1765 and history has maintained his a name of note despite his failure to acccomplish the results he fought to achieve. All who knew him saw a commanding, respected, highly intelligent leader. To the author of The Journal of Pontiac's Conspiracy Pontiac appeared "proud, vindictive, warlike and very easily offended." According to a British officer who met him on one occasion, "He is in a manner ador'd by all Nations hereabout and he is more remarkable for his integrity and humanity than either Frenchman or Indian in the Colony." Little is known of the first thirty years of this war chief of the Ottawa Confederacy. Neither the exact place of his birth is known nor is the tribal affilitation of his parents. One of his widows, Kan tuck ee gun, who was still alive in...
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...Puma is also based in Herzogenaurach. The company's clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the same motif is incorporated into Adidas's current official logo.[4][5] The company revenue for 2012 was listed at €14.48 billion.[2] Gebrüder Dassler Schuhfabrik Christoph Von Wilhelm Dassler was a worker in a shoe factory, while his wife Pauline ran a small laundry in the Bavarian town of Herzogenaurach, 20 km (12.4 mi) from the city of Nuremberg. After leaving school, their son, Rudolf "Rudi" Dassler, joined his father at the shoe factory. When he returned from fighting in World War I, Rudolf received a management position at a porcelain factory, and later in a leather wholesale business in Nuremberg. Adolf "Adi" Dassler started to produce his own sports shoes in his mother's wash kitchen in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria after his return from World War I. In July 1924, his brother Rudolf returned to Herzogenaurach to join...
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...activism underscore his significant role in shaping societal perspectives on social change. Before the success that Jim Brown found in activism, it is crucial to understand his backstory. Jim Brown was raised in an all-black family on the island of St. Simon, Georgia to father Swinton Brown, a professional boxer, and his mother who was a housekeeper. Later, his family relocated to Manhasset, New York, when Brown was just eight. There he went to Manhasset High School, finding success in the school's football and basketball teams, averaging 38 points per game (Howard). During his time at Syracuse University, Brown was a versatile athlete, excelling at football, basketball, track and field, and lacrosse. He was widely regarded as one of the greatest lacrosse players in history and was a National Lacrosse Hall of Famer, having such a great impact that they had to change the rules of the game because of him (Boyd). Jim Brown was statistically exceptional during his time on the Cleveland Browns, and in his nine seasons of playing football professionally, he never missed a game. He has many accolades, including winning the NFL championship and 3 NFL M.V.P. awards, and setting a record for the most rushing yards per game average over a career, being 104.3 rushing yards a game (Streeter). On top of that, Brown left the NFL on a high note, running for 1544 yards, having 17 rushing touchdowns, catching 34 passes (with four of them resulting in scores), and receiving his third MVP award at the end...
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...the physical or mental abilities of a person. Sports by themselves show no racism and serve as a constant reminder of this racial myth. Sadly, people are more reluctant to abandon old beliefs; meaning racism still runs deep in the organizations that are built around these sports. This research paper will focus mainly on three subcategories: 1) The history of the relationship between sports and race in America; 2) How sports have benefited or damaged race relations; 3) Why certain sports are more popular among different races. The history of sports in America dates all the way back to the Native Americans who played an early form of lacrosse that was used for recreation and promoting teamwork. Early settlers didn’t pay much mind to the sports of Native Americans; instead, they were mainly concerned with surviving. In recent years, however, lacrosse has become an increasingly popular mainstream sport, an example showing that sports have no racial boundaries. Through the 1700s and 1800s the main sports being played included cricket and boxing. While these sports were mainly...
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...English See No Evil In the chapter “See No Evil” in the book The Flight of the Iguana the author, David Quammen makes an important statement when he says, “ I do not trust any animal with more than six legs and two eyes”(Quammen 40). I find this statement to be so important because here we have David Quammen an author with a true love for nature and he struggles with his personal bias against animals. It is in this facet of the chapter in which I am able to connect my personal struggle with a bias. When walking into my first day of high school I was extremely nervous, not knowing exactly what to expect I didn’t go into the situation with an open mind. As I sat down for my first math class a foreign boy entered the room gazing for a seat. I remember vividly, for some reason not wanting the boy to sit next to me so I stared down at the desk, refusing to look up. Starring down at the desk I heard as the foot steps became louder and louder. Finally looking up I watched the foreign looking student sit down directly next to. After an awkward 15 minutes of no conversation the student turned to me and introduced him self saying his name was Egzon and that he was from Albania. Class after class we would have small conversations and I would do my best to seem uninterested. It was not only until our fifth class together till I realized how ignorant I was being. As I thought more about my situation going into high school, I soon observed that Egzon was the only kid that had made an effort...
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...Case Study COMMUNICATING WITH THE MILLENNIALS 1. Take a poll of your class (at least, the Gen-X and Gen-Y members). At school or work, how many regularly (e.g., daily or every few days) send or receive information (not entertainment) using (a) e- mail, (b) instant messages or Twitter tweets, (c) cell phone text messages, (d) reading/writing blogs, (e) visiting/authoring social media sites (e.g., Face book, Instagram), (f) watching/creating online videos (e.g., YouTube)? My experience is that students thoroughly enjoy polls on topical issues, such as the use of emerging technologies. The larger the class, the more interested students are in the results. The poll can occur through a show of hands in class, but this question is very well suited to "clicker" technology. If your class has mandatory online activities between classes, consider taking a poll online and posting the results in class. Along with these poll results, consider asking students which communication channels are gaining and losing popularity. For example, most students will likely say that Face Book is gaining whereas blogs are losing popularity. There are 40 students in my classroom. According the results of research, there are 38 students use e-mail to send or receive information; 25 students use instant message; 30 students use cell phone text message; 22 students use blogs; 34 students use social network sites; 12 students use online videos. 2. Even within this generation, there are different preferences...
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...that is supposed to bring good luck, especially one linked to a particular organization or event”. From my research Native Americans were only familiar with the sport of Stick ball (lacrosse). Thus, the statement native Americans have no link whatsoever to any other sport is a form of mis appropriation. “it is offensive that Native Americans are perceived, and used as symbols, [especially] in the same way as animals” (Davis). The Native American Culture and history isn’t to be used as a form of entertainment it demeans the people. Half-time shows where these ‘mascots’ perform mockery trials Some argue that the teams honor the traditions and show the world the culture of native Americans helping to keep their heritage alive. Yes, it may seem as if a team is presenting to the public in an honorable way sometimes. However, during showing honor comes a disrespectful approach to honoring such culture. For example; the headdress that many fans can enter the stadiums with all decorated in feathers are considered as a disrespect to the Native American Customs. The headdress of native Americans is often referred to as war bonnets. These are worn by noble men who have earned the respect of their tribe, but are now used for ceremonial occasions (Grimmel). Not only they headdress but there are re-enactments of wars, dances, symbolic scalping (referring to red-skins) and more commonly tomahawk chops. If there was any honor those in charge would in some way advocate for the community of Natives...
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