...Valuation and Capital Budgeting For Levered Firm Analisis leverage operasi dan leverage keuanga. Contoh pada rumah sakit swasta (tujuan profit). Konsep operating dan financial leverage adalah bermanfaat untuk analisis, perencanaan, dan pengendalian keuangan leverage adalh penggunaan assets dan sumber dana oleh rumah sakit yang memiliki biaya tetap dengan maksud agar meningkatkan keuntungan potensial pemegang saham rumah sakit menggunakan operating dan financial leverage dengan tujuan agar keuntungan yang diperoleh lebih besar daripada biaya assets dan sumber dananya, dengan demikian akan meningkatkan keuntungan pemegang saham sebaliknya leverage juga meningkatkan variabilitas (resiko). Biaya variabel adalah baiaya yang dalam jangka pendek berubah karena perubahaan operasi rumah sakit contoh: biaya bahan baku, biaya tenaga kerja langsung dan biaya pemasaran langsung biaya tetap adalah biaya yang dalam jangka pendek tidak berubah karena variabilitas operasi (tingkat output yang dihasilkan) maupun penjualan. Contoh: depresiasi bangunan kantor dan pabrik, kendaraan, peralatan kantor, asuransi kecelakaan, kesehatan, dan gaji manajer). Penggunaan operating leverage rumah sakit diharapkan bahwa perubahaan penjualan jasa dan produk akan mengakibatkan perubahan laba sebelum bunga dan pajak yang lebih besar multiplier effect hasil penggunaan biaya operasi tetap terhadap laba sebelum bunga dan pajak disebut dengan degree of operating leverage (dol). Dol dapat juga didefinisikan sebagai...
Words: 2827 - Pages: 12
...The Lakeside Company Case Studies in Auditing Twelfth Edition John M. Trussel Dalton State College J. Douglas Frazer Millersville University Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editor in Chief: Donna Battista Acquisitions Editor: Stephanie Wall Editorial Project Manager: Christina Rumbaugh Senior Managing Editor: Cynthia Zonneveld Production Project Manager: Carol O'Rourke Senior Operations Supervisor: Diane Peirano Printer/Binder: BindRite Graphics, Robbinsville Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright © 2012, 2008, 2005, 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290...
Words: 48183 - Pages: 193
...Audit Lakeside Case October 13, 2015 1. An engagement letter is an essential aspect in establishing an understanding between the client and the audit firm. This documentation is required in order to identify the objective and scope of the audit, outline the specific responsibilities of management and the audit firm, identify inherent limitation of the audit, ascertain the applicable financial reporting framework, and the expected forms Engagement letters are necessary in settling disputes between auditor and management. When management signs the written engagement letter, they are entered into an executor contract with the auditor. In the engagement letter presented by Abernethy and Chapman, the audit firm clearly outlined the following responsibilities for Lakeside management: 1) The financial Statements 2) Establish and Maintain internal controls over financial reports 3) Identify and ensure compliance with laws and regulations applicable to its activities 4) Make all financial records and related information available to auditors 5) At the end of the engagement, providing a representation letter Abernethy and Chapman outlined the following responsibilities for the auditor: 1) Audit financial statements for purpose of establishing an opinion on the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows in compliance with GAAP. 2) Obtain reasonable, not absolute, assurance that financial statements are free of material misstatements, in...
Words: 2603 - Pages: 11
...in this audit with Lakeside Company, in order from one to seven, with one being the most important to the audit: 1. There appears to be a going concern for the industry that the Lakeside company is in. In 2005, Lakeside was in trouble, but has somewhat made a turnaround in 2010 and 2011; however, there are companies similar to Lakeside that are still going out of business. Within the last six months, and audio equipment company within the Richmond area went bankrupt. Also, while Roger’s distributorship business is growing, it seems that the remainder of his business is stagnant. In addition, it appears that Rogers has strayed from his original retail store operation into a new product market that may not be strong enough to support. With a failed product line in connecting with a weak market and continuous expansion on the basis of debt, this is a concern for the audit as an entity’s ability to remain a going concern and the potential for management fraud to inflate earnings and growth. 2. Rogers’ refusal to comply with his previous auditors request to report the companies sixth store with a write down in value to assess impairment, because Rogers believed no impairment existed. This argument led to the issue of a qualified opinion. The sixth store is located in an unsuccessful shopping center and has been underperforming. The company has not even come close to breaking-even and the failures of the shopping center make it appear uncertain if Lakeside could continue as...
Words: 3295 - Pages: 14
...Exercises Exercise 1 Following his discussion with Rogers, Andrews talked briefly with Carole Mitchell concerning the warehouse expansion. She indicated that Art Heyman had already prepared an analysis of the repairs and Maintenance account (see Exhibit 9-4). In addition, based on the debits to the Warehouse account (see Exhibit 9-5) he had located the invoices substantiating the capitalized transactions (see Exhibit 9-7) while reviewing the invoices received by Lakeside subsequent to the end of 2012. Perform the necessary steps to test the warehouse account (#111-1) and document your procedures on an audit document similar to the one in Exhibit 9-4. Indicate and prepare on the audit document any proposed correcting entries that are needed to ensure fair presentation of this financial information. [Case 9-1.doc] Lakeside Company Tests of Buildings - Warehouse/Office December 31, 2012 Audit document No. W-3 Prepared by: KB Reviewed by: RG Reviewed by: JG Description | Amount | | Audit Procedures | Balance per books - Beg. of Year | $248,400 | | | Additions: | | Invoice No. | | Grade land and pour foundation | 21,800 | 3145 | > # | October- Warehouse Construction | 16,900 | 3189 | > # | November- Warehouse Construction | 25,300 | 3214 | > # | Roofing Repair and Warehouse Construction | 14,600 | 3228 | > # | Disposals: | | Cash Rec. No. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Balance per books - End of Year | | |...
Words: 728 - Pages: 3
...Executive Summary De Havilland (Havilland) is Canadian aircraft manufacturer that was recently acquired by Boeing. The parent company has requested Havilland take on several initiatives including seeking 25% price reductions from suppliers, reducing the total number of suppliers and seeking more long-term fixed pricing agreements. Havilland recently received submissions for an RFQ for the supply of supply flap shrouds and equipment bay doors. The pricing received raises some concerns however, as there are large variations in pricing between the lowest price from Marton Enterprises Inc. (Marton) and the highest price from the incumbent, Dollard Plastics (Dollard). There are several viable alternatives for Havilland. They may accept the bid from Marton on the condition that it is assured Marton fully understands the scope, their facilities are sufficiently equipped, and they provide their financials. It will be in Havilland’s best interests not to pursue their policy under the Bidder Selection Board (BSB) to attempt to renegotiate the price lower since Marton already provided substantial savings. The next option for Havilland is to pursue the first option but only given Marton 80% of the work for the first year and keep the incumbent under contract for the remaining 20% of work. The third option is to cancel the RFQ, clarify with the bidders what was unclear in the specifications that resulted in such a wide variation in pricing and go out for bids again. The final option...
Words: 11214 - Pages: 45
...Executive Summary De Havilland (Havilland) is Canadian aircraft manufacturer that was recently acquired by Boeing. The parent company has requested Havilland take on several initiatives including seeking 25% price reductions from suppliers, reducing the total number of suppliers and seeking more long-term fixed pricing agreements. Havilland recently received submissions for an RFQ for the supply of supply flap shrouds and equipment bay doors. The pricing received raises some concerns however, as there are large variations in pricing between the lowest price from Marton Enterprises Inc. (Marton) and the highest price from the incumbent, Dollard Plastics (Dollard). There are several viable alternatives for Havilland. They may accept the bid from Marton on the condition that it is assured Marton fully understands the scope, their facilities are sufficiently equipped, and they provide their financials. It will be in Havilland’s best interests not to pursue their policy under the Bidder Selection Board (BSB) to attempt to renegotiate the price lower since Marton already provided substantial savings. The next option for Havilland is to pursue the first option but only given Marton 80% of the work for the first year and keep the incumbent under contract for the remaining 20% of work. The third option is to cancel the RFQ, clarify with the bidders what was unclear in the specifications that resulted in such a wide variation in pricing and go out for bids again. The final option...
Words: 11214 - Pages: 45
...Lakeside Auditing Case Study Case 1 Prepared by: January 27, 2011 1: An independent annual audit can provide credibility to information, and this could be very helpful for decision making. In this specific case, the owner of the Lakeside requires an independent CPA firm to perform an annual audit because the owner wants to show the public a “good-look” of its financial statements; since he would like to receive more capital by making his company public. In addition, good-looking financial statements of the company could provide good credit from the bank. To the lakeside company, the owner would like to provide audited financial statement to the bank to obtain the loan and receive the best possible interest rate. On the other hand, a decision by a bank loan officer about whether to make a loan to Lakeside Company and what rate of interest adequately compensates the bank for the level of risk assumed depends on an independent auditing report about lakeside’s financial reports. An auditing report about the company is reliable for the bank; it can significantly reduce the level of information risk. If the loan officer has assurance from the auditors that the company’s financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, he or she will have more confidence in his or her assessment of business risk. By reducing information risk, the audit reduces the overall risk to the bank. 2: According to GAAS, the auditor must obtain a sufficient understanding of the entity and...
Words: 1450 - Pages: 6
...assignment 1 CASE Lakeside Hospital Financial information & decision making bm01Afm 2015-2016 The abovementioned students declare that this report contains original work and all the team members equally contributed to its preparation. Question 1. To calculate the break-even volume for the dialysis unit we first assume that every patient receives three treatments a week, 156 a year. We use the numbers of last year to calculate the break-even volume as stated in exhibit 1 and 2 of the case. We assume that the allocated expenses and all other costs, except for the major equipment depreciation, stay the same. Since the 14 machines cannot be sold after four years and they are for already five years in the company, we define this as a sunk cost and the major equipment depreciation is not included in the calculation of the break-even volume. The fixed costs are the salaries and wages as stated in Exhibit 2. The supplies and purchases services are not included since they differ according to the number of treatments provided. The fixed costs are therefore 438,900 + 71,970=$510,870. However the annualized salaries have decreased by 84,000 and the fringe benefits by 8,400 and the major equipment depreciation of 26,250 is not included anymore. The fixed costs decrease to $392,220 (510,870 – 84,000 – 8,400 – 26,250 =$392,220). The allocated expenses are $277,267, which makes total fixed costs of (277,267+392,220) $669...
Words: 1012 - Pages: 5
...DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. Both the company’s bank and Lakeside owners would require an independent CPA firm to avoid any biases and upkeep the independence in auditing. 2. Under generally accepted auditing standards the audit is to be performed by a person or persons having adequate training which is interpreted to mean ‘technically qualified and experienced in those industries in which their clients are engaged” (Arens, Elder, Beasley, & Hogan, 2010, p. 35). This interpretation is based on recent court cases. With that information in mind this engagement should not be accepted. Care industry is significantly different than electronics so I would believe an audit in each industry would be considerably different. The auditor should certainly discuss the lack of expertise and possibly consider having a contract or new hired personnel to assist with such an audit. 3. Provided the employees truly have an understanding of how to achieve a profit sharing bonus, auditors may be concerned with the decision making of the employees. employees loyalty would be torn between providing the most independent unbiased information for the customer and the information that will provide their family with additional income. 4. A firm does face independence issues with auditing the output of systems the designed and installed regardless if the company is publicly traded or not. As the creator of the system the company may be biased as to how well the system works. The assumption that they created...
Words: 460 - Pages: 2
...DISCUSSION 1. A company profit-sharing arrangement is a matter of auditor concern because it provides an incentive for employees to generate artificially high income figures. These individuals can receive direct financial benefits from the manipulation of reported earnings. This potential problem is even more of a concern in the Lakeside engagement because controls are weak and each store is geographically isolated from the oversight provided by the administrative offices. 2. This case describes the payroll system used by the Lakeside Company. Tests of controls are designed by the auditor to verify that specific control features identified as possible strengths are operating effectively. A sample of such tests would include the following: a. Compare the payroll records produced by Sarah Sweet to time tickets completed by hourly employees noting agreement as to hours worked; b. Verify that time tickets have been appropriately authorized; c. Recalculate salaried employees' monthly pay and compare to the payroll records; d. d. Recalculate salesmen's commissions and compare to payroll records; e. Recalculate payroll deductions based on government payroll tables and the data listed on the W-4 form filed by each employee. Compare these deductions to the company's payroll records; f. Recompute Lakeside's payroll taxes and compare to total reported balance; g. Verify mathematical accuracy of net wage figures (salary less deductions); h. Foot the...
Words: 1468 - Pages: 6
...Case Study | De Havilland | | Executive Summary Financial analyst, Kim Tomar is a Financial Analyst at De Havilland Inc, a Canadian aircraft manufacturing company. Her responsibility within procurement is to evaluate bids and make recommendations to De Havilland Source Selection Board (SSB). She must make a recommendation on a supplier for flap shrouds and equipment bay doors. Since Dollard Plastics has failed to remain competitive by addressing the high pricing by unwilling to lower their price, she has solicited a number of competitive bids from 9 suppliers. We currently have sufficient supply of flaps and doors till the end of 1993, giving us approximately 17 months of inventory. Recent changes at de Havilland meant that we wanted to establish long term, cooperative contracts with suppliers. Normally 6-8 weeks were permitted for the vendors to return their completed bids. The value of the contract under consideration required the more senior management participated. The Bidder Selection Board (BSB) was comprised of representatives from finance and materiel areas. The BSB had four major objectives; review historical data in purchasing and cost patterns, financial data, quality and product support, secondly they produced an estimate on future purchasing trends for the part as well as new costs and finally they assembled a list of potential bidders. Once all bids were normalized they analyzed them, picked the likeliest candidate and a physical inspection was conducted...
Words: 1432 - Pages: 6
...De Havilland is a very successful and well known name in the aviation industry. The company has been procuring Flap Shrouds and Equipment Bay doors from two of its major vendors. However Dollard Plastics, the Flap shroud vendor refused any renegotiations with de Havilland. Kim Tomar, the Financial Analyst at De Havilland had realized that issue and therefore started the process of finding a new business partner who is capable of meeting a set of standards that De Havilland had developed earlier for their procurement department, had started the process about year and half earlier than the expiry date with the incumbent supplier. After careful analysis of the nine bids received by de Havilland, I recommended Morton to De Havilland’s Source Selection Board (SSB) as prospective vendor. Based on the initial information from the normalized bids from all nine bidders, the lowest bid was Morton Enterprises. Their bid was 18% lower than their nearest competitor, and when I compared prices of the needed components to the prices supplied by current providers they were between 54% and 74% less expensive. However, beyond parts cost reduction we are also interested in establishing long-term co-operative contracts with the vendor. So, apart from determining who had the best price offer, I need to determine whether Morton is sufficiently stable to be relied upon in the long run. So my strategic intention here is to negotiate an agreement with Morton that will be of the greatest value possible...
Words: 2069 - Pages: 9
...Case 4 - Exercise 4-2 (a) INTERNAL CONTROL - PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS CLIENT: Lakeside Company SYSTEM: DATE: PREPARED BY: Roseville Santos List each document found in this system, the number of copies, and whether it is prepared internally or externally. * Sales Invoice * Two copy * internal * Invoice Slips * One copy * internal * Validated bank deposit slips * Two copies * internal * Cash remittance * Four copies * internal * Bank statement * One copy * external * Bank reconciliation * One copy * internal * Bill of lading * One copy * Internal Answer each of the following questions. For each...
Words: 301 - Pages: 2
...Case Report- DeHavilland Inc. CASE ANALYSIS CONTENT | | MARKS AVAILBLE | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | De Havilland had high inventory and high manufacturing cost which has been caused by the high cost of sourcing the flap shrouds and bay doors from Dollard Plastics of Montreal and the company was looking forward to an alternative supplier with a long time relationship. I found they were less of strategy and more tactical. The total parts cost of Dash 8 airplane at De Havilland represented 60-65% of their total manufacturing cost. It’s is evident that the company has recognized that and they have taken steps to solve this issue. A further indication that the company is operating at high cost is their previous failed attempt when they requested a 25% discount on all parts across the board. Dollard Plastics of Montreal is currently supplying the company with the parts needed but at about 3 times higher than Morton’s quote. The uncertainty that De Havilland was going through at this point in terms of choosing the right supplier who was going to be reliable enough to commit to a 5 year fixed contract with the company. The company wanted to move to a smaller base of vendors but should not be sore source without a backup plan. The company focused on cost reduction but cost should not be the only criteria of vendor evaluation and selection. The whole structure and process did not respect the strategic role of procurement, as well as tactical approaches that support the strategy. Such as Kim...
Words: 1619 - Pages: 7
