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Kabanata I. Ang Suliranin at Sanligang Pangkasaysayan

1.1 Panimula o Kaligiran ng Pag-aaral
Anti- Bullying Act
Ika-6 ng Hunyo 2013 nang ipasa ng mataas na kapulungan o Senado ng ika-15 Kongreso ang Senate Bill 2667 o mas kilala bilang Anti-Bullying Act of 2011. Enero 2012 naman nang ipasa sa ikatlong pagbasa sa mababang kapulungan ang House Bill No. 5496, o Anti-Bullying Act of 2012.
Ang Republic Act 10627 kilala bilang Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 ay nag-uutos sa lahat ng elementary at high school na sumunod sa mga patakaran ng paaralan kung saan mahigpit na ipinagbabawal ang pambubully sa mga mag-aaral.

Ayon sa batas ang bullying ay isang uri ng gawain ng isa o maraming estudyante laban sa kapwa estudyante sa pamamagitan ng mapaminsalang pagsusulat, masasakit na salita o kaya ay ang paninira gamit ang internet.

Layon ng batas na maging pangangailangan sa lahat ng elementarya at hayskul sa buong bansa na pagkaroon ng mga polisiya upang mahadlangan at magawan ng karampatang aksyon ang mga kaso ng pambu-bully sa kanya-kanyang institusyon.
Ayon sa batas, ang pambu-bully ay mangangahulugan ng kahit anong paraan ng panggigipit na ginagawa ng isa o ng isang grupo sa isa pa—pisikal man, berbal o mental—na naglulundo sa kawalang ganang o takot na pumasok ng isang estudyante sa eskuwelahan. Kasama rin dito ang tinatawag na cyber-bullying.
Ano ang cyberbullying? Ito ang pang-aapi gamit ang ano mang electronic device, tulad ng email, instant messaging, text, blogs, websites, tweets, status messages, video chats. Maaari itong makita kapag may nagpadala sa iyo ng mapang-insulto na email, status o tweet na gamit ang computer, cellphone o tablet. Cyberbullying din ang pagkalat ng mapanirang mga salita, pagnakaw ng password or pagbabanta sa ibang tao gamit ang ibang pangalan o identity. O paggawa ng website na tumitira lamang sa iisang tao. Marami sa mga ito ang mga tinatawag na trolls o mga taong walang magawa kundi masamain ang kapwa.
Alinsunod sa batas. Ang bawat eskwelahan ay marapat na magkaroon ng mga pagsasanay para sa kaguruan at iba pang empleyado nito upang mapaunlad ang kaalaman at kahandaan hinggil sa pagpigil at paghadlang na maganap ang pambu-bully.
Ilan sa mga kailangang maisagawa kapag nagkaroon ng kaso ang mga sumusunod: * Ipagbigay alam sa tamang ahensiya ng pamahalaan kung ang pambu-bully na naganap ay maaaring iakyat sa kasong kriminal batay sa Revised Penal Code. * Magsagawa ng nararapat na aksyong pandisiplina. * Ipaalam sa magulang ng mga kampong kasangkot sa usapin.

Ang pang-aapi o bullying ay isang napapanahong paksa na mapahanggang sa ngayon ay hindi pa rin napupuksa. Isa itong suliranin na ikinakaharap ng bagkus nalimitan pa rin itong nararanasan at nakikita sa mga eskuwelahan, cyberworld o di kaya naman sa mga pampublikong lugar. Makabuluhan ang paksa na ito sapagkat mamumulat tayo sa iba-ibang klase ng pambu-bully. Hindi katanggap-tanggap na ugali o asal mula sa kamag-aral, kasamahan sa paaralan o sa komunidad. Bakit nga ba kailangan pang pag-aralan ito? Upang Makita natin and kadalasang dahilan ng karahasan sa paligid; Upang hindi pamarisan o iwasang magawa ang mga bagay na nagiging dahilan ng karahasan; Upang matanim sa isipang kaya tayo nag-aaral upang matuto, maging maayos ang pamumuhay at pakikitungo sa mga tao sa ating paligid, at higit sa lahat maging mabuting nilalang.

1.2 Paglalahad ng Suliranin

Sa pananaliksik na aming gagawin, maraming suliranin ang dapat naming makamit o mahanapan ng kasagutan. Sa pag-aaral na ito, kinakailangan naming malaman kung ano ang mga sanhi at epekto ng pambubulas o “bullying” sa isang estudyante lalo na sa kanyang pisikal, mental, at behavioral na kalagayan.

Sa pag-aaral na ito, masasagot ang mga sumusunod na katanungan: 1. Ano ba ang dahilan at bakit nambubulas ang mga estudyante sa mga kapwa nila estudyante? 2. Sino ang nabibiktima o palaging binibiktima ng pambubulas? 3. Anu-ano ang nararamdaman ng isang taong nabully? 4. Ano ang nangyayari sa isang estudyanteng “binubully”? 5. Paano ito nakakaapekto sa kanyang pakikisalamuha sa ibang tao?

1.3 Kahalagahan ng Pag-aaral

Ang pag-aaral tungkol sa pambubulas o “bullying” ay napakahalaga sa ating lipunan lalo na sa mga mag-aaral dahil sa isa itong paraan upang makita natin ang kadalasang dahilan ng karahasan at pang-aapi sa paligid at upang maiwasan natin ang pagkasira ng kinabukasan ng isang mag-aaral na nakararanas nito. Napakahalaga nito lalo na sa mag-aaral dahil ito ay isang paraan para maiwasan natin ang gulo at pagsasakitan. Maiiwasan din natin ang mga pisikal, mental, at behavioral na epekto nito para wala nang mag-aaral ang palaging “absent” sa klase at mababa ang grado sa mga asignatura. Isa rin itong gabay para sa mga mag-aaral upang matanim sa kanilang isipan na kaya sila nag-aaral ay para matuto, maging maayos ang pamumuhay at pakikitungo sa iba pang mag-aaral sa paaralan, para maging mabuting nilalang, at higit sa lahat, maging malapit sa Diyos at may takot sa kanya.

Nilalayun sa pag-aaral na ito na malaman kung ano ang mga sanhi at epekto ng pambubulas sa isang estudyante lalo na sa kanyang pisikal, mental, at behavioral na katangian. Layunin din ng pag-aaral na ito na maiwasan ang pambubulas ng mga estudyante sa kapwa nila estudyante upang ang atmospera ng pag-aaral ay matiwasay, maayos at kaaya-ayang tignan. Mahalaga ang paksang ito hindi lamang sa mga estudyanta kung hindi pati narin para sa lahat upang malaman at maiwasan ng bawat isa ang makasakit at maisip ng bawat isa ang kahalagahan ng indibidwal sa ating lipunan at kung ano ang mga paraan para maiwasan ito.

1.4 Saklaw at Limitasyon ng Pag-aaral

Sa aming paggawa ng pananaliksik na ito, mangangalap kami ng impormasyon sa paaralan namin. para sa malapit na ugnayan namin sa aming mga respondent. Sa paaralan ding ito kukuha kami ng dalawampu’t limang 3rd Year STI Students ng STI Ortigas-Cainta na nakaranas na ng pambu-bully para sa makatotohanang resulta ng aming imbestigasyon o surbey.

1.5 Balangkas Teoretikal

Theory of Emotion - Ayon sa may-akda David G. Meyers ito ay nauugnay sa isang hanay ng mga sikolohikal na phenomena kasama ugali, pagkatao, mood, at pagganyak., ito ay nagsasangkot ng damdamin ng tao "... physiological na pagpukaw, nagpapahayag na pag-uugali, at karanasan."

Social Cognitive Theory – ang teoryang ito ay nagpapahayag Kung saan nakakaapekto sa pagbabago ng ugali ng isang tao ang mga taong nasa kanyang paligid dahil sa mga iba’t ibang ugali na kanyang naririnig at nakikita o kaya ay naranasan. Dahil dito ay maaaring mag iba ang kanyang ugali, pagkatao at pakikitungo sa iba.
• Self Efficacy - Ang isang paghatol sa isa sa kakayahan upang maisagawa ang mga pag-uugali.
• Outcome Expectations- isang paghatol ng malamang na kahihinatnan ng pag-uugali ay magkaanak. Ang kahalagahan ng mga inaasahan (ibig sabihin, expectancies) ay maaari ring magmaneho pag-uugali.
• Reinforcements - isang bagay na nagtataas o nagbababa ng posibilidad ng pag-uugali ay magpapatuloy.
• Emotional Coping- ang kakayahan ng isang indibidwal.

Self-Control – ay ang kakayahan upang makontrol ng tao ang kanilang mga emosyon, pag uugali at hinahangad. Na madalas Makita sa ating lipunan, sa sikolohiyang ito ay paminsan-minsang tinatawag na Self-Regulation.

Observational Learning- ayon kay Albert Bandura ang ugali ng tao ay pwedeng makuha sa nakikita niya sa ibang tao sa kanyang paligid kaya ang Observation Learning ay nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng mga negatibo at positibo niyang nakikita sa ugali ng iba. At naniniwala si Bandura na sa Reciprocal Determinism kung saan ang environment ay nakakaapekto sa ugali ng tao at vice versa.

1.6 Balangkas Konseptwal
BULLYING
BULLYING

THEORY OF EMOTION
THEORY OF EMOTION

SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY
SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY

EPEKTO SA MGA MAG-AARAL
EPEKTO SA MGA MAG-AARAL

SELF-CONTROL
SELF-CONTROL
OBSERVATION LEARNING

OBSERVATION LEARNING

PAG-UUGALI
PAG-UUGALI
PAG-UUGALI
PAG-UUGALI

PANDAMDAMIN
PANDAMDAMIN

PANDAMDAMIN
PANDAMDAMIN

1.6 Depinisyon ng mga Terminolohiya

Behavioral - tumutukoy ito sa mga nagiging asal o kaasalan at katangian o karakter ng isang indibidwal sa kanyang kapwa, na magiging sanhi at batayan ng mga kaugalian, mga gawi, wani o kinagawian at kilos na nagbubunga sa mga paniniwala at pananaw.

Bullying
Pang-aasar o panloloko. Madalas itong ginagamit sa mga estudyante.

Cognitive nagbibigay malaysa isang tao na matuto, natuto o malaman ang isang bagay.

Communication
Ay aktibidad ng pagpapahiwatig ng kahulugan batay sa sistema ng mga senyales at batas semayotiko. Ang komunikasyon sabiology ay kadalasang nangyayari sa pamamagitan ng biswal, awditoryo, o sa biochemical na paraan. Ang komunikasyong pang tao naman ay kakaiba dahil sa malawak na gamit ng lenggwahe. Ang hindi pang taong komunikasyon naman ay inaaral sa biosemiotics.

Computer isang makina o “electronic device” na ginawa para mapabilis ang mga gawain ng tao tulad ng komunikasyon, paghahanap ng mga impormasyon at iba pa.

Depression ay isang sakit sa pag-iisip na inilalarawan ng malawakang mababang mood na sinamahan ng mababang pagtingin sa sarili (nawala ang pagpapahalaga sa sarili), kawalan ng interes o kasiyahan sa mga normal na nakasisiyang mga gawain.

Emotion
Ay karaniwang naihahalintulad sa nararamdaman ng isang tao,halimbawa galit,saya,lungkot at iba pa.

Environment
Kapaligiran o lugar na puno ng mga bagay bagay na at tirahan ng mga mga organism.

Learning
Kakayahan ng isang tao na matutuo o makakuha ng kaalaman o kakayanan.

Mental ito ay tungkol sa kaisipan ng isang tao, kung paano siya mag-desisyon o umaksyon na nakaaayon sa kanyang isip.

Observation
Ito ay kakayahan Kung saan tinitignan o minamasid ang isang bagay, ugali o pangyayari na nakakaapekto sa indibidwal na ugali ng tao.

Personality ang siyang salamin ng ating pagkatao, Kung ano ang ating personalidad, iyon ang ating isinasakilos sa oras na ito sa ngayon.

Physically
Isang aspeto ng isang bagay na nararanasan sa paggamit ng isa sa limang pandama ng tao nang hindi binabago ang kanyang komposisyong kimikal. Ang mga sumusunod ang mga halimbawa ng pandama ng tao: hipo, lasa, amoy, tingin, o tunog.

Reciprocal Determinism
Teorya Kung saan ang ugali ng bawat indibidwal ay na iimpluwensyahan ng mga taong nakapalagid sa kanya.

Respondent
Isang taong inirereklamo sa isang kasong criminal o sibil.Ang nagrereklamo naman ay ang naghahain ng habla o sa salitang engles ay complainant.

Self- Regulation
Tumutukoy sa ugali ng tao kung saan ang impluwensya ng iba ay nagagawa niya din sa kanyang sariling kagustuhan na nagiging pang madalasan ng walang nangingialam sa kanya.

Social maaaring kinabibilangan ng isang tao sa kanyang komunidad.

Studies pag aaral sa isang bagay na ginagamitan ng pag iisip,

Talatanungan bahagi ng sulating pananaliksik na gumagamit ng mga katanungan para makompleto ang surbey o datos.

Theory
Isang paliwanag sa isang bagay o pangyayari na walang sagot o isang misteryo. ang mga teorya ay hindi rin na aproba ng siyensya.

Mga Teoryang Ginamit sa Pananaliksik

Theory of Emotion
The major theories of motivation can be grouped into three main categories: physiological, neurological, and cognitive. Physiological theories suggest that responses within the body are responsible for emotions. Neurological theories propose that activity within the brain leads to emotional responses. Finally, cognitive theories argue that thoughts and other mental activity play an essential role in the formation of emotions. http://psychology.about.com/od/psychologytopics/a/theories-of-emotion.htm Social cognitive theory
(SCT), used in psychology, education, and communication, holds that portions of an individual's knowledge acquisition can be directly related to observing others within the context of social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences. The theory states that when people observe a model performing a behavior and the consequences of that behavior, they remember the sequence of events and use this information to guide subsequent behaviors. Observing a model can also prompt the viewer to engage in behavior they already learned. In other words, people do not learn new behaviors solely by trying them and either succeeding or failing, but rather, the survival of humanity is dependent upon the replication of the actions of others. Depending on whether people are rewarded or punished for their behavior and the outcome of the behavior, the observer may choose to replicate behavior modeled. Media provides models for a vast array of people in many different environmental settings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cognitive_theory Observational Learning
Many behaviors that a learner observes, remembers, and imitates are actions that models display, even though the model may not intentionally try to instill a particular behavior, A child may learn to swear, smack, smoke, and deem other inappropriate behavior acceptable through poor modeling. Bandura claims that children continually learn desirable and undesirable behavior through observational learning. Observational learning suggests that an individual's environment, cognition, and behavior all integrate and ultimately determine how the individual functions.
Through observational learning, individual behaviors can spread across a culture through a process called diffusion chain. This basically occurs when an individual first learns a behavior by observing another individual and that individual serves as a model through whom other individuals learn the behavior, and so on. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_learning Self-control is the ability to control one's emotions, behavior, and desires in the face of external demands, to function in society. In psychology it is sometimes called self-regulation, although that is itself a somewhat broader concept. Self-control is essential in behavior to achieve goals and to avoid impulses and/or emotions that could prove to be negative or destructive. In behavior analysis self-control represents the locus of two conflicting contingencies of reinforcement, which then make a controlling response reinforcing when it causes changes in the controlled response. Self-control is like a muscle. In the short term, overuse of self-control will lead to depletion. However, in the long term the use of self-control can strengthen and improve over time.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-control

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...The Ethics of Koreans Don Baker In Korean Spirituality, I outlined the tremendous variety of spiritual beliefs and religious practices found among the Korean people today, and showed that over the centuries spirituality on the Korean peninsula has grown ever more complex and diverse. By the beginning of the 21st century, Koreans could choose among a wide variety of options for expressing their spiritual yearnings and pursuing their spiritual goals. They had available to them a broad range of both institutional and informal approaches to addressing their core spiritual concern of transcending the limitations of existence as an independent, autonomous individual, as well as for tackling various unpleasant side effects of such an existence: mortality, sickness, poverty, and loneliness, to mention just some of the obstacles human beings inevitably face as they navigate the turbulent passage from birth to death. Koreans can turn to their folk traditions, to various forms of Buddhism or Christianity, to Confucianism, to new religions, or to other organizations promising them help in their spiritual quest to overcome the frustration, uncertainty, confusion, and even boredom that can result from not having a clear picture of what their role is in this world they live in, why they are here and what will happen to them after they die, or of how they can cope with the multitude of unforeseen intrusions into their personal mental and physical space that are unavoidable as long as they are...

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...1. Define Water Pollution - page 532 – 2. What human activity is most likely release arsenic into surface waters is (page 544) 3. How long did it take for oysters to filter all the water in the Chesapeake Bay Estuary one century ago? Page 172-173 4. What are some human activities that diminish a river’s natural ability to dilute pollution? Page 535 5. What are some different types of pollution that come from sewage? Page 554 6. Identify three input controls and three output controls for dealing with solid waste. 7. Identify three input controls and three output controls for dealing with contaminated water. 8. Identify three point sources of pollution and three non-point sources of pollution (page 532): 9. What is the limit on fecal coliform bacteria in order for water to be considered to be safe for consumption (notes)? 10. Water pollution laws of the 1970’s have achieved: page 552 11. Large fish kills and drinking water contamination still occur because 12. Define cultural eutrophication and consider the order of events that result in its occurrence. Pages 539-541 13. How can we can prevent or reduce cultural eutrophication? Page 540 14. How can we clean up lakes suffering from cultural eutrophication? Page 540 15. What are Four reasons ground water does not naturally cleanse itself as rivers and streams do Pages 542-543 16. What level of dissolved oxygen is considered sufficient for...

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...KalaMoNa Patty A delicious and nutritious patty. Researcher: Jul Marie G. Ventolero Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effect of the combined mongo seeds, squash and flour to form a delicious and nutritious patty. First, the materials needed were prepared. Kalabasa, Monggo and flour are the most needed material. KalaMoNa, (a short term for kalabasa, monggo and harina) were measured to the desire amounts. Three set-ups were made to determine which variable has affected the resulting products. Acknowledgement The researcher would like to express her gratitude to the following persons who help her to make this study a reality. First, to Our Almighty God, who is the great and humble source of inspiration and strength so that she can pursue this Investigatory Project. Second, to her parents for the unending support that they gave to her for this kind of study. Third, to her teacher, Mrs. Mary Jane C. Cacas for suggesting some good ideas that she can add to her Investigatory Project. Fourth and lastly, to her friends, especially to May Ann and Arnie Joy Balahan for helping encoding her research papers and supporting her I.P. as well as she do to them. For once, thank you very much for without you tis I.P. won’t be successful. Table of Contents TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………………...i ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….………………ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………….iii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………...

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...Animation Synopsis Human Rights (LGBT): Two girls seating on a bench at a park cuddling. An old man passes by and scolded the girls and said “This is not right, you are not supposed to be together, how would your parent`s feels if they know about this” and the girls give a blank stare at him. The old man give a disgusted look at the girls and walk away. The next day the old man came across two guys kissing each other at the park. The old man stared and the gay couple and said “what is wrong with the teenagers these days, being gay and all, your parents will feel ashamed If they know about this”. The next week the old man`s son came back from Australia. They had dinner together and the son said “Daddy, I am getting married” and the dad was so happy and asked “Who is that lucky woman” and the son replied “Dad, I am actually getting married to a guy”. The dad cried and he was stunt when he heard his son is marrying a guy. The dad scolded the son and said “I won`t approve this marriage, I won`t let you marry a guy, why can`t you marry a girl just like a normal human being” and the son said “ I am a normal human being, it is my right to marry a guy who I really love” The dad`s face changed. Instead of getting angry he accepted the fact that his son is gay. He regret saying what he said to the couples and feels sorry. RASIONAL: “it doesn’t matter who you are, never judge them for who or what they...

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...Table 1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Age Age | Frequency | Percentage | 15-20 yrs old | 13 | 13.00 | 21-25 yrs old | 6 | 6.00 | 26-30 yrs old | 11 | 11.00 | 31-35 yrs old | 12 | 12.00 | 36-40 yrs old | 17 | 17.00 | 41 yrs old and above | 41 | 41.00 | Total | 100 | 100% | Table 1 showed the Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents According to Age. Majority of the respondents belong to age bracket 41 yrs old and above, having a frequency of 41 and percentage of 41%; ages 15-20 yrs old, having a frequency of 13 and percentage of 13%; ages 21-25 yrs old, having a frequency of 6 and percentage of 6%; ages 26-30 yrs old having a frequency of 11 and percentage of 11%; ages 31-35 yrs old, having a frequency of 12 and percentage of 12%; and 36-40 yrs old, having a frequency of 17 and percentage of 17%. Most of the respondents are 41 yrs old and above which are the adults and residents of Bulacan, in which its easy for them to watch and celebrate the said festival. Based on the researchers observation these respondents are a devotee of the Krus ng Wawa that means most of them usually attend the festival before they stop having the parade. Also the respondents were able to attend/watch the festival last July to celebrate the reviving of the Pagoda. According to Philippine CountryFiest/Festival is bundle of Filipino culture and each City and Barrio have atleast one festival of their own. Therefore most of the people...

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