...Ethical Challenges in Latin American Cultures A Study of the Impacts of Culture in the Business Environment Warrington Thomas Edison State College International Management 372 Professor: Baker 06/16/2013 Elements Influencing Social Culture Culture is defined as a system of values and norms shared among a group of people and when taken together represent a system of living. Culture is not static but always evolving and it is important to take various factors into consideration when attempting to conduct business in international countries. Valuing cultural diversity in the workplace can boost morale and productivity. An effective employee who feels discriminated against because of cultural differences might get disconnected and leave the company. Values are the things that people believe to be right, good and desirable. Values are often reflected in the political and economic system of a country and includes society’s attitude towards things such as individual freedom, democracy, truth, honesty and loyalty among many other things. Ethics include the standards of moral behavior that are acceptable by a society as right or wrong. It includes basic moral values such as integrity, respect for human life, self-control, honesty, courage, cheating, cruelty and the list continues. Latin Americans are very proud of their culture individuals attempting to do business in this part of the world should be aware of the social conventions. ...
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...Geography changed Latin American culture. The triangular trade between Europe, Africa and America helped shape Latin American civilization in numerous ways. There were a variety of objects and people being passed around from civilization to civilization during this time. With all of these objects and people being passed around, the geography and civilizations of Latin America were changing rapidly. The goods, resources and slaves were the most popular objects being traded. Many of the civilizations desperately wanted the slaves. Also, smallpox affected Latin American Civilization immensely because like everything else being passed around, this factor was killing thousands of people. Diseases from domesticated animals also affected civilization because people were also being killed from that as well. Geography did play...
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...Chicano Culture in LA “Chicano” is the culiminitive expression of social, political, and ethnic identity that derived from Latin American identity in the mid 1900’s. This movement thrived in places with higher concentrations of latin american people, and created a sense of pride that spread throughout the nation to create a form of self expression and identity for latin-american individuals that didn’t quite fit in to society. The original mindset was that they were too brown to be American, and too white to be Latino. According to (>>>)“Socially, the Chicano Movement addressed negative ethnic stereotypes of Mexicans in mass media and the American consciousness.” Essentially, they didn’t fit in to existing cultures; latin american people faced alienation from both the American culture they were born into, and the ethnic culture they descended from. This originated in the 1910 demand for labor in the U.S in the midwest-- “Mexicans began to migrate in large numbers after the Mexican Revolution in 1910, attracted to a demand for labor, especially in the midwest. They entered at a time where U.S residents were likely to be suspicious of immigrants.”(Donato, 1994)...
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...Prominent people, events, and environments emphasise a communities values. In this paper, I will explicate the power of myth in Latin America and the Caribbean and how societal emphasis creates or promotes mythology. There is a duality between cultures and their myths, each gradually moulding its counterpart into the core of the society. I will draw upon the legacy of Saint Anastacia; the mythologies of the Napo Runa, including shapeshifting, shamanism, and creation stories; as well as Chamelco’s folklore surrounding Aj Pop B’atz’. Additionally, I will analyse each myth’s notoriety in its culture and what it illuminates about the myth’s host communities. While some of these myths appear to be fantasized by Western science standards, others correlate with accepted history. Regardless of empirical data, the importance of the myths remains unshaken. This suggests that the cultural value does not originate from the stories themselves,...
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...AIU Online September 19, 2012 Unit 2 Individual Project Latin was a large impact on the medieval ways. For very many years it was dominating the western world. The Latin language spread wherever the Roman Empire ruled. Around 1200 A.D. the empire began to fall and the Latin language began to fade. The people farthest away began to undergo the changes first and the ethical renewal began. Many individuals choose to use their vernacular language rather than Latin. In England they returned to old English with great influence from Alfred the Great. While in power he had written many books in old English; including many religious pieces. Beowulf and the Anglo Saxton Chronicles are also examples of literature written in old English. These pieces incorporated Latin characters. The English had many vernaculars during this time period. Your vernacular language depended on you social class. Lower classes tended to speak English. Traveling entertainers and many judicial situations utilized the vernacular in spoken form in France. A large percentage of the vernacular in France was romance; which stemmed from individuals jotting down stories as they were told by musicians that were passing through. Some of the oldest pieces date back to Charlemagne during the twelfth century. Germany used vernacular as early as the eighth century. Many attempts made to convert failed and was not accepted. During the 12th century many of the...
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...art, religion, philosophy, science and mathematics, medicine, drama, and poetry profoundly. It has served as a basic model for the development of later European literatures and, consequently, the writings of the historians, geographers, philosophers, scientists, and rhetoricians are read today as sources of historical information and enjoyment. Alfred Whitehead, the famous British philosopher-mathematician, once commented that: “[A]ll philosophy is but a footnote to Plato” (Comptons Encyclopedia). A similar point can be made regarding Greek literature as a whole. The Greek world of thought was far ranging and ideas discussed today have been previously debated by ancient writers. In fact, until recently, in Western culture, an acquaintance with classical Latin (as well as Greek) literature was basic to a liberal education. Roman literature such as epic and lyric poetry, rhetoric, history, comic drama and satire (the last genre being the only literary form that the Romans invented) serve as today’s backbone for a basic understanding of expression and artistic creativity, as well as history. Greek comedies such as those of Naevius and Andronicus, as well as historical writings in epic poems (First Punic War), tell the story of Rome and its conquests and served as prototypes for Aroman epics. Later poets imitated early Roman writers as they used these early writings for springboards into further development of drama. For example, Plautus’s lively plays were a model for much...
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...Vernacular Language in the 12th Century Michelle Hinton Lisa Feder 6/15/12 Abstract “Latin was the official language of law, government, business, education and religion in Western Europe” (http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied _history/tutor/endmiddle/langlit.html ) the universal catholic culture. The French would be the first to spread the Vernacular Language. The shift from Latin to Vernacular was very important. Throughout the former empire, languages started to develop and would become what we now know as Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, etc. They were known then in the beginning as Vernacular tongues. Christianity in all its form was in Latin only. The common people and even some of the elite could not speak or read Latin, there for the Vernacular Language became an alphabet and literature so the people could use the language they knew. Even though the Latin Language had begun to be translated to the Vernacular Language in the 10th Century amongst the Slavic Orthodox Christian community Latin was still the dominant language within the educated community, until the 12th century. (Sayer, 2010). The Vernacular Language was spoken in the streets, a language known as the (meaning “of the people”) (ucalgary). It was a way for different cultures to stabilize and bind there cultures together. Each city had their own Vernacular Language. In the 12th Century the French were amongst the first to spread the Vernacular Language in righting’s such as “the Song of...
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...Historical Foundations Latin was one of the main languages that were used within literature and by the educated person. Many of the words used in different languages such as Italian, Spanish, French, have roots that are in Latin. Even the English language uses words that have Latin roots as well. This language was one that was adapted by many cultures as it was more of a universal language and easier for others to understand. The vernacular language refers to the language of the people or the native language that is used in a culture. Most languages have been adapted from the vernacular language of Latin. I wanted to take a look at Italy and their language to determine how it changed from Latin and how it spread based on different influences as well. The Italian language happens to be the closet language to Latin now (Latin Language, 2012). The Latin language came from Northern Europe and expanded along side of the growth of the Roman State. Latin was also influenced by other languages that were spoken and continued to develop over time. There were many differences when it came to the use of Latin in writing and how it was used when speaking due to the education or lack of education of individuals. Another influence of the Latin language was religion. The Greek and Latin fathers of the Church had come together to create the definition of the Christian doctrine (Sayre, 2012). The ways of communication through the Western Church were all dependant on the Latin language. The Greek...
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...Introduction Se Habla Espanol is an essay written by Tanya Barrientos takes readers on her personal journey from childhood to adulthood as she begins to embrace her culture. She was born in Guatemala and came to the states at a very young age. Her story touches briefly on different periods of her life as she ages and details her state of mind as she originally did not identify herself as a Latina. Main Points Barrientos’ family moved to the United States when she was just three years old. The family settled in the state of Texas. At this time, the year being 1963 there was a common stigma against people who held on to their culture. To combat this stigma and ensure their children did not have a rough time they changed the way the communicate. Barrientos regularly recalls hearing her parents speak to each other in Spanish, but they would only talk to her and her sibling in English (Roen, Glau, & Maid, 2011, p. 59). Having the Spanish language effectively eliminated from her household at such a young age had a few adverse effects. Barrientos recalls having a sense of pride when being told that she did not seem Mexican by her friends. Between the ages of 7 and 16, her perception of speaking Spanish was a direct correlation between poverty. Her contention for the culture and wish to not be a part of the Latin label resulted in her saying to her father that she hated being called Mexican when she was 16. Her father sent her to Mexico City as a way to avert her contentions...
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...Library relationships • 022 Administration of the physical plant • 023 Personnel administration • 024 Not assigned or no longer used • 025 Library operations • 026 Libraries for specific subjects • 027 General libraries • 028 Reading, use of other information media • 029 Not assigned or no longer used • 030 General encyclopedic works • 031 General encyclopedic works -- American • 032 General encyclopedic works in English • 033 General encyclopedic works in other Germanic languages • 034 General encyclopedic works in French, Provencal, Catalan • 035 General encyclopedic works in Italian, Romanian, Rhaeto-Romanic • 036 General encyclopedic works in Spanish & Portuguese (Latin American) • 037 General encyclopedic works in Slavic languages • 038 General encyclopedic works in Scandinavian languages • 039 General encyclopedic works in other languages • 040 Not assigned or no longer used • 041 Not...
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...vernacular language should also not be understated as it was commissioned work to be written in or translated to vernacular language. By the fifteenth century, vernacular language was well established as the language of literature historical record and personal expression. However, vernacular language was often subject to standardization. It was possible to rise and spread because many people did not speak Latin, not even Noble men. Vernacular made it easier to convert people to Christianity. The desire is to spread Christianity. Women wanted take part in cultural debates and technology advance. The translation of the bible is vernacular language. Most of the vernacular languages branched off from Latin and depended on the social class. Latin was wide spread during the rise of the Roman Empire and was the main spoken and written language until the fall of the Roman Empire in 1200 A.D. Latin “allowed for people of diverse linguistic backgrounds to be able to communicate,” (Sayre). Latin also changed form over time depending on who was speaking or writing it (Sayre). Latin was more spread around upper classes and members of the clergy, not the general population. Once literacy started to spread among the general population, women became involved in learning to read and write. This included the poetry aspect of literature and romance during the middle Ages (Tillotson, 2005). The everyday language spoken by a people as distinguished from the literary language is called...
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...the language spread. Latin has significantly influenced the creation of the Spanish language as well as the development of many other Western languages. I will also discuss the ways in which Latin has influenced Western language development. History of Vernacular Language Spanish has one of the richest and longest histories of any of the world’s languages. It is the fourth most-spoken language in the world after Chinese, Hindi and English. Native Spanish speakers exist throughout Europe, the United States, Pacific Islands and Africa (Penny, 2002). Spanish originated on the Iberian Peninsula which is located in the southwestern region of Europe. The vernacular language was not originally known as Spanish, it was referred to as Vulgar Latin. The Celts were a nomadic tribe from central Europe who moved into the peninsula towards the end of the sixth century. The Celts mixed with the peninsula’s residents, the Iberians resulting in a new people known as the Celtiberians who spoke a form of the Celtic language. By the nineteenth century B.C.E., the region in southwestern Europe was known as Hispania and the inhabitants learned Latin from Roman settlers, traders and soldiers. Soon after the people in Hispania learned Latin, a new language was created as a mixture of the Celtiberians language and classical Latin (Penny, 2002). The new language became known as Vulgar Latin which developed into modern Spanish. Vulgar Latin was similar to classical Latin but implemented many...
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...INDIVIDUAL PROJECT #2 THE ORIGINS OF VERNACUALR LANGUAGES Florie Buerki HUMA215-1301D-01 Professor Laurie Sprankle April 14th 2013 American InterContinental University Abstract The following paper presents a brief history of the Latin language origin, providing a synopsis of the creation of the very first writing method that went through changes and how it spread out the world. In addition and where appropriate, it is indicated how Charlemagne had an influence on the continuity of Latin. Even thought Latin is defined as a dead language and has no real future it has a long history. Latin was commonly used until the twelfth century by educated people, in literature and also in Christian churches in the Roman Empire. Its use went through many changes and took different forms depending on the people using it as a written or spoken purpose and also due to the influences of other surrounding oral communication. (Sayre, 2010) However, Latin was not the first language created by the human being and learning the birth of a written form help to understand where Latin comes from. The very first language was introduced back in 3,000 BC by the very first ancient civilization, the Sumerians. The Sumerians lived in Mesopotamia – modern Southern Iraq – and were an active economical population. Because of a need to record their production and trade was becoming a problem of memory they invented a form of recording using soft clay tablets with the slanted edge...
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...Until the sixteenth century Latin was known as the official language during the Middle Ages. Latin became less used as it was hard to read and to understand but through Latin the Vernacular language was created. Before the sixteenth century all textbooks and even the Bible were written in Latin creating a great diversity between the upper crust of society and the common people. When the Vernacular language was adapted from Latin and everyday people started learning to read and to write the Vernacular language became the most used language throughout the population. The Vernacular language impacted societies, religion, and the Latin language eventually making the language of Latin obsolete. Origins of the Vernacular Language The Vernacular language is called the language of romance as much of poetry was written in the language in early roman times. The Vernacular language is actually the native language or dialect of the Roman public. Vernacular language was derived from Latin and became the language for everyone to use and understand much like English is used today. Latin was the official language of many countries but became unused and later obsolete as the vernacular language developed. Latin was mainly used by people of import and education. People that were involved in the government and highborn people of status used Latin as well (Rise of the vernacular language). However, as many different languages began to become established, Latin was used less and less and it...
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...Topics in Cultural Studies-HUMA215 Candice Kelley Waugh 1/21/14 “To be or not to be…?” If the question is whether to confine all literary works to only the Latin language, then the answer for scholars and writers alike in the 12th century was indeed not. While Latin was spoken and read by educated men throughout Europe at the time, the growing availability of education for even the common man and women made for an increase in the amount of works created. It would then follow that with proper knowledge of the written word, those with the creative inkling would begin to write, not as a scholar, but rather in the vernacular most commonly recognizable to those who would read their works. Vernacular simply means the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region (Sayre, 2013). The Latin language however is far from dead. Its roots can be found in nearly every language throughout the world. Even with the complexity of the English language, Latin bases, roots, prefixes and suffixes are very apparent. Without the shift from exclusivity to commonality the literary world would have suffered greatly. Prior to the 12th century, literature was primarily written in Latin. According to Dr. Deborah Schwartz, a professor at Calpoly University, writers of the time adapted poetry from Latin to French as part of a movement known as “translation studii” (Schwartz, 1999-2008). Not only were current works translated to language that could understand by...
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