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This paper will explain a brief history of the background of the police agencies and their jurisdiction concerning local, state, and federal law enforcement. Each falls under the jurisdiction of the Department of Homeland Security. This paper will also cover a brief overview of each department’s responsibilities in regards their primary purpose.
The historical history of police agencies was organized in the Western world. During this time, colonists used the English style of policing. The large extent of American Policing was formed by the British Model. Except for the military intervention, law enforcement was not organized until close to year 1200. When an individual committed a crime and was indentified, an organized posse pursued him or her. The posse was led by a shire reeve (county leader) or by a mounted officer (Schmalleger, "Chapter 5: Policing: History and Structure," 2011). The words sheriff and constable originated from these early terms. Early policing relied on bailiffs or watchmen. Bailiffs were in charge of looking for suspicious activities. Bailiffs also handle any issues, which created both a night watch and day ward.
In 1829 Sir Robert Peel created the first modern police agency in London called the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829. Sir Robert Peel created the London police force because he wanted to provide citizens with real policing. He believed that prevention of crime could be possible without intruding into the lives of the citizens. The Metropolitan Act of 1829 had one thousand handpicked men, dressed in blue tailcoats and top hats. The uniform was selected to look more like ordinary citizens rather than, soldiers with helmets. The members of the Metropolitan police were called “bobbies” after Sir Robert Peel. Sir Peel had two specific principles: confidence that it was possible to discourage crime, and the practice of preventive patrol. Peel’s officers patrolled the streets by walking beats, fixed in a set location throughout the city waiting to help. The new police resembled a military organization and adopted a military administrative style. This new policing was successful that smaller the United States implemented similar policing. A year after the Metropolitan A was act was created, Stephen Girard, wealthy manufacture donated large sum of money to the city of Philadelphia to create a capable police force (Schmalleger, "Chapter 5: Policing: History and Structure," 2011). The city hired 120 men to night watch and 24 on day watch.

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