...The job of a private investigator is to find information and people. Information can include documentation such as court records, government agencies' filings, important statistics, property ownerships, photographs, vehicle records and witness statements. Different investigators have different fields of specialization depending upon their background and training. Legal investigators are usually hired in cases involving courts. Normally employed by law firms or lawyers, they assist in preparing criminal defenses, serving legal documents, locating witnesses and interviewing them, interviewing police, and gathering and reviewing evidence. Corporate investigators deal with business issues. Intellectual property theft is usually investigated by those with a background in patent and trademarks. A financial investigator may have a public accounting background How does a private investigation service work? �When you hire a private investigation service, the investigator will discuss the case with you. This discussion will enable him to assess whether the case is legal, ethical and the possible approach to be taken towards solving it. �Next you and the investigator will need to agree on a budget and plan for collection of the necessary information. �The investigator then conducts the investigation. Evidence is gathered in such a way that it can be presented in court if necessary. The investigator then thoroughly analyzes the evidence and reports the findings to you. Sources of...
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...dichotomy between the individual and the society. Ziff states property as being “relationships among people with regard to things.” Prior to the development of legal systems ownership did not exist and people were not restricted from using resources. As society and legal systems developed so too has the idea of ownership over a material object as a right to be exercised and enforced against others in the society. Whilst arguably both a common and private ownership would be an adequate way to mediate the use of resources in a society, many of the justifications for private ownership yield a weakness that is reflected in the benefits to the society versus the individual. Typically the justifications for private ownership also rely on the same arguments between two central forms of ownership models being Marxism and Capitalism. Ziff even acknowledges in this article that each justification is based on the conviction that “private ownership [Capitalism] is western culture’s noblest triumph,” and subsequently fails to highlight how a common ownership system could be superior, rather than which has more weight. Many are of this contrary view that Capitalism and therefore private ownership is “not sustainable forever in a world of finite resources,” which is evidence of a large weakness in many of the justifications presented by Ziff. One of the key arguments made to support a capitalist society and in turn private property is that of economic efficiency – the basic idea that a market...
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...Know About Real Estate - Pittsfield MA real estate Real estate is basically a property which consists of a land with some buildings on it. It also contains natural resources like water, crops and minerals. There is also a real estate business in which buying and selling of this property is dealt. In United States of America’s law the word real estate is used for relating a thing and is used to differentiate from a person. This means that a real state property is a land property which is differentiated from personal property that is furniture, clothes and money. So this is a term which differentiates between movable property and immovable property. In United States of America Pittsfield MA real estate is 276 out of 331 largest municipal areas. Total population of Pittsfield MA real estate is 130,518 and has 38 zip codes. Different figures taken from different surveys are as follows Real estate Pittsfield MA has total area of 931 square miles; area of water is 14 square miles, People are living approximately 140 people per square mile and total districts in Real estate Pittsfield MA is 1. Location of Pittsfield MA is in the eastern region of United States of America. Note that all these figures are according to the latest survey reports and changes may happen. In United Kingdom the term real estate is used as real property or the property that is fixed. With the recent advancement in private property sector the business of real estate has been boosted and has become the main sector...
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...Discussion Questions (1, 3, 9) 1. Contrast how a market system and a command economy try to cope with economic scarcity. A market system allows for the private ownership of resources and coordinates economic activity through market prices. It act in their own self-interest and seek to satisfaction or profit through their own decisions regarding consumption or production. The result is competition and widely dispersed economic power. The command economy is characterized by public ownership of nearly all property resources and economic decisions are made through central planning. The planning board, appointed by the government determines production goals for each enterprise. The division of output between capital and consumer goods is centrally decided based on the board’s long-term priorities 3. Why is private property, and the protection of property rights, so critical to the success in the market system? How do property rights encourage cooperation? Answer: Protection of private property is the source of capitalism. Without it, there would be no clear owners/sellers no defined buyers and without both, the market system does not exist. It encourages because voluntary exchange only occurs when both parties expect to gain from the transaction. The buyer and seller cannot simply take what they want. They have to work together. 9. In a sentence, describe the meaning of the phrase “invisible hand.” Answer: Market prices act as an “invisible...
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...Responsibility 3 September 2013 This capitalist economic system model has increasingly become the model used by nearly every business and country in the world, however there are still a few countries in which the capitalist economy model is less prevalent, namely Cuba and North Korea. Although these countries have not adopted the capitalist model within their own country they are still forced to work within this model when conducting business on a global level. Within the capitalist model the government’s role is not very significant in the growth of the economy. The capitalist system is characterized by traits that allow businesses the opportunity to concentrate on ethical issues in the workplace. These traits are profit, private property or ownership, competition, and fairness or justice. (Pfeiffer, Forsberg 9). Without the most important driving force, profit, one might say that captialism would not exist. Profit is the money earned after all expenses incurred as part of doing business have been paid. It is what drives the business to succeed. In order to maintain a profit businesses must be efficient at promoting their product and service while remaining creative enough to hold on to existing consumers as well as capture new consumers. With profit being the driving force of an economic system all members of society have an opportunity to reap some financial gain. The employees have the potential to earn higher wages, the consumers gain by having the...
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...today allow employers to monitor almost every aspect of their employee’s job including the time he, or she, arrive to the office, telephone use, Internet use, computer terminals, and voicemail. This kind of monitoring is virtually unregulated, therefore, unless it is stated in the company policy, an employer has the right to listen, watch, and read most an employees workplace communications. The e-mail policy at Dell Services Federal Government (DSFG) is lax, whereas, the company would like the majority of communication to be work-related; employees are allowed to communicate with others for personal use as well. This policy is covered in our handbook, it simply states that if one wishes to keep information private do not store or transmit information on company systems. Private e-mail accounts have been blocked from our server so use of personal e-mail is not permitted. Similar to the e-mail policy, the company wants the internet to be used majority for work-related business. However, short personal business such as paying a bill, making a purchase, locating something, or other small personal business is permitted. During the employees lunch hours, all are allowed to surf the net and visit networking sites such as Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter. There are a few sites blocked that employees are not allowed to access such as Xbox.com (one of the competitors of Dell), all personal e-mail accounts (Gmail, Hotmail, Yahoo, and etc.) and all obscene and offensive sites are strictly forbidden...
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...Why are waterways reserved for the use of indefinite strangers and why does this reservation contribute to the efficiency of capitalism? Although private property regimen in US may be one of the strictiest in world, waterways are reserved for the use of indefinite strangers for many different reasons. First, there is something called customary use of waterways – if people, for over long period of time, have been using waterways to go through, they gain what is called "easement" which means that they do not own the waterways but they have right to go through it. Basically, the waterways have always been in public trust (it goes back even before collective or individual memory can recall it) It is sort of community imagination that waterways have always been part of what public owns and public is only reasserting rights that had always been in public trust. Another reason why waterways is reserved for indefinite people is because unlike road situation in which if a road is blocked people can go through another road built somewhere else, there is only one waterway that people must go through. There are also some arguments that some properties ought to, by nature, belong to the public. Waterways is one of them. Also, there are two main problems to private ownership of the waterways. First, since water never stops flowing and keeps moving, does it mean that whoever owns certain part of waterways owns all the water that is constantly going by? Second problem...
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...WEEK 1 DQ# 1 Discuss how markets, demand, and supply affect resource distribution in the United States. DQ # 2 Discuss the elements of private enterprise and the degrees of competition in the U.S. economic system. DQ # 3 Explain how individuals develop their personal codes of ethics and why ethics are important in the workplace. #2 : Just by pure definition, a private enterprise is an economic system that allows individuals to pursue their own interests without undue governmental restriction. This becomes vital in market economies simply because it has the capability to influence growth and success within a certain market. These enterprises require four substantial rules to exist. First is the private property rights which is ability of individuals and businesses to accumulate property, wealth, and enforce contracts. Second is the freedom of choice. This is basically for the business to act by itself; to have control over who to hire and allocate their resources as they see fit. Third is to have profits. Without profit, there is hardly any attraction to creating an enterprise when there are no benefits. Profit plays a great deal in influencing the behavior and decisions of individuals who are looking for a more rewarding opportunity in terms of money or advantage. Last but not least is competition, which is the drive for businesses to constantly raise standards and operate efficiently. Because the third element, profit, exists, businesses always want to gain and be the ...
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...11/1/07 15:14 Page 1 Introduction: ‘business’ and its ‘environment’ Paul Wetherly and Dorron Otter Contents The approach of this book—themes and issues 2 What is business? 4 Business and the problem of scarcity 5 The private sector—on closer inspection 7 28 Review and discussion questions 29 Assignments 30 Further reading 30 4 The private sector of business Case study: ‘UK plc’ Other sectors of business—the public sector and the third sector 10 Online resources 30 A simple model of business in its environment— transforming inputs into outputs 13 References 30 Conceptualizing the environment of business 15 Interaction between business and the environment—responding, influencing and choosing 17 The nature of the internal environment 20 Types of organization structure 21 Environmental analysis 24 Summary 27 01 9780199203055_001_030_CH01.qxd 2 X 11/1/07 15:14 Page 2 Introduction Learning objectives When you have completed this chapter you will able to: l Recognize different uses of the term business, and understand the different forms of business in terms of, for example, private, public and not-for-profit organizations l Describe the complexity of the external environment in which business operates and explain the idea of environmental uniqueness l Understand the nature of the ‘internal’ environment of business ...
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...Law and the Internet: Trespass to Chattels Abstract: This paper focuses on the use of Trespass to Chattels Law by owners as protection against the intentional use of their systems or the resources therein by unauthorized parties. The trespass to chattels law cannot be correctly applied to internet-related property rights because this law is being incorrectly used and does not adequately address the concerns of internet property owners and the rights they seek to protect. The 19th Century trespass to chattels tort is being utilized in cyberspace to protect systems against unauthorized use in the same way it is used to protect tangible/physical property. This law was first used by internet service providers (ISPs) to fight against unsolicited bulk email or spam, which was being sent in excess over their networks and systems. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the blanket application of this law to the internet has an adverse impact on the key function of the internet. Trespass to chattelslaw is now commonly used to fight against Robots (BOTs), which are automated programs that search the Internet. In many cases such as eBay v. Bidder’s edge, and Ticketmaster Corp. v. Tickets.com, this law was used to fight the ability of users to search the internet and of providers to present data to users. This ability to search and present data is the primary purpose of the internet, and the overbroad application of trespass to chattels law, without any form of modification...
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...MCS*4040 – Strengths and weaknesses of competitors GE Strengths GE is a well-known company that has formed alliances throughout their years. Their alliances with other companies allow GE to continue to bring in new customers and make their business more effective GE is a market leader in their products. This is important because they are seen as highly reputable to consumers and other businesses. Experienced employees help GE move forward with expertise and knowledge. GE contains an extensive customer base. GE has a high percentage of the market share. GE’s expansion internationally has given them the opportunity to develop a wider customer base and a larger amount of the global market. In 2009 GE earned $2.3 billion, profitable at every quarter and earned about $11 billion in 2008-2009. GE is ranked as the 4th most valuable brand with a valuable of nearly $50 billion. Weaknesses: GE’s profits are plummeting after the 2008-2009 recession. GE capital normally gives 40% of all its profits in the form of a dividend to their parent company, but now the dividends are cut to 10%. Now that their credit rating is reduced, raising new funds is costlier. GE may also have troubles financing because a number of funds will not invest in securities that do not have an AAA rating. GE estimated that their third quarter earnings per share will be between 43 cents and 48 cents, down from 50 cents to 54 cents previously forecasted Black and Decker Strengths: Black and Decker offers...
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... 2. Non-profit organizations are a substantial part of the U.S. economy they control more than $2.6 trillion in assets and employ more people than the federal government and all 50 state government combined.3 In addition, millions of volunteers work for them in unpaid positions. Not-for-profits secure funding from both private sources, including donations, and government sources. They are commonly exempt from federal, state, and local taxes. Without funding, they cannot do research, obtain raw materials, or provide services. 4. Private enterprise system: economic system that rewards firms for their ability to identify and serve the needs and demands of customers. Basic Rights in the Private Enterprise System: capitalism to operate effectively, the citizens of a private enterprise economy must have certain rights. These include the rights to private property, profits, freedom of choice, and competition. Private property: most basic freedom under the private enterprise system; the right to own, use, buy, sell, and bequeath land, buildings, machinery, equipment, patents, individual possessions, and various intangible kinds of property. The Colonial Period: Colonial society emphasized rural and agricultural production. The economic focus...
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...Brand: name, term, sign, symbol, design, or some combination that identifies the products of one firm and differentiates them from competitors' offerings. Branding: process of creating an identity in consumers' minds for a good, service, or company; a major marketing tool in contemporary business. Business: all profit-seeking activities and enterprises that provide goods and services necessary to an economic system. Capital: includes technology, tools, information, and physical facilities. Capitalism: economic system that rewards firms for their ability to perceive and serve the needs and demands of consumers; also called the private enterprise system. Competition: battle among businesses for consumer acceptance. Competitive differentiation: unique combination of organizational abilities, products, and approaches that sets a company apart from competitors in the minds of customers. Consumer orientation: business philosophy that focuses first on determining unmet consumer wants and needs and then designing products to satisfy those needs. Creativity: capacity to develop novel solutions to perceived organizational problems. Critical thinking: ability to analyze and assess information to pinpoint problems or opportunities. Diversity: blending individuals of different genders, ethnic backgrounds, cultures, religions, ages, and physical and mental abilities. Entrepreneur: person who seeks a profitable opportunity and takes the necessary risks to set up and operate a business...
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...The world system today - Modern stratification: Growth of middle class, social mobility leading to a more complex social stratification. Capitalism: The components * Private ownership of means of production * Market competition * Wage labor * Pursuit of profit There are a variety ways to run a capitalist economy; Even in ‘hyper-capitalist’ USA- we have government regulation…. The debate: Capitalism Like: innovation; entrepreneurship; efficiency; growth; hard work--reward; independence/personal freedom Dislike: inequality; concentration of money and power; narrow definitions of success; economic value privileged over social value; power of corporations. Socialism: the components * Public ownership of means of production * Government runs the means of production * Central planning * Needs of people decided by a central committee * Distribution of good without profit motive * Goods produced and distributed for general welfare (Global) Neoliberal Capitalism Capitalism: private ownership of means of production; market compe…. Neo-liberalism Goals: * Macro-economic stability * Increased FDI * Integration into global economy * Modern development * Debt servicing Privatization:私有化 Market liberalization:市场自由化 Fiscal austerity:财政紧缩 Hegemony: * A word used to describe how the status quo can be preserved through consent as well as coercion. * One way to gain consent for the status...
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...FCT The cost of the defamation is paid as damage, it is a cost incurred during the operation of business. Deductiable CIR v Mitsubishi Motors NZ Ltd The expense on warranty is deductible, as the cost is incurred at the time of the sale. Case F24: The deduction of the expense of keeping a guard dog is 50%, as it has both business and private use. Case F46: Band musician’s cloth expenditure is deductable because the cloth is necessary to taxpayer’s occupation as a musician TRA Case E20: The dress is a conventional that can be worn by anybody and used in private sector. Buckley & Young Ltd v CIR: Restrictive covenant has capital natural and hence is not deductable. Case G36: No business has started yet, the cost is merely used to prepare business. Not deductable Amalgamated Zinc Ltd v FCT: The compensation to workers is not deductable since the business activity (mining) had terminated already. Christchurch Press Co v CIR: Worker’s fee to install the press is regarded as capital and not deductable. Auckland Gas Co v CIR: PE pipe replaced. Capital and not deductable. FCT v Cooper: Food is private and not deductible since everyone needs to eat. Budget Rent A Car Ltd v CIR: Bad debt can be written-off at taxpayer’s discretion Pacific Rendezvous Ltd v CIR: The purpose of borrowing money is irrelevant as long as it is used to produce income. Hence the interest is deductable. TRA Case N63: The money borrowed must be used to...
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