...Operations Management History, Development & Brief Overview on Manufacturing/ Operations Management Operations management is an area of business concerned with the production of goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as little resource as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and services). Operations traditionally refer to the production of goods and services separately, although the distinction between these two main types of operations is increasingly difficult to make as manufacturers tend to merge product and service offerings. More generally, Operations Management aims to increase the content of value-added activities in any given process. Fundamentally, these value-adding creative activities should be aligned with market opportunity (see Marketing) for optimal enterprise performance. According to the U.S. Department of Education, Operations Management is the field concerned with managing and directing the physical and/or technical functions of a firm or organization, particularly those relating to development, production, and manufacturing. Operations Management programs typically include instruction in principles of general management, manufacturing and production systems, plant management, equipment maintenance...
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...In manufacturing, facility layout consists of configuring the plant site with lines, buildings, major facilities, work areas, aisles, and other pertinent features such as department boundaries. While facility layout for services may be similar to that for manufacturing, it also may be somewhat differents is the case with offices, retailers, and warehouses. Because of its relative permanence, facility layout probably is one of the most crucial elements affecting efficiency. An efficient layout can reduce unnecessary material handling, help to keep costs low, and maintain product flow through the facility. Firms in the upper left-hand corner of the product-process matrix have a process structure known as a jumbled flow or a disconnected or intermittent line flow. Upper-left firms generally have a process layout. Firms in the lower right-hand corner of the product-process matrix can have a line or continuous flow. Firms in the lower-right part of the matrix generally have a product layout. Other types of layouts include fixed-position, combination, cellular, and certain types of service layouts. PROCESS LAYOUT Process layouts are found primarily in job shops, or firms that produce customized, low-volume products that may require different processing requirements and sequences of operations. Process layouts are facility configurations in which operations of a similar nature or function are grouped together. As such, they occasionally are referred to as functional layouts. Their...
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...Lovely Professional University, Punjab Course Code MGT519 Course Category Course Title OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Courses with numerical and conceptual focus Course Planner 16031::Gurpreet Kaur Lectures 3.0 Tutorials Practicals Credits 1.0 0.0 4.0 TextBooks Sr No T-1 Title Operations Management Reference Books Sr No R-1 R-2 Other Reading Sr No OR-1 OR-2 OR-3 OR-4 OR-5 OR-6 OR-7 OR-8 OR-9 OR-10 OR-11 OR-12 Journals articles as Compulsary reading (specific articles, complete reference) The four things that a service Business must get right HBR Article , Bang & Olufsen Design Driven Innovation : HBR , Smart Product Design : HBR , Mishina, Kazuhiro. Toyota Motor Manufacturing, U.S.A., Inc. HBS Case No. 9-693-019. Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, 1995. , Hammond, Janice H. Barilla SpA (A). HBS Case No. 9-694-046. Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, 1994. , Latour, Almar. Nokia Handles Supply Shock with Aplomb as Ericsson of Sweden Gets Burned. The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2001. , National Cranberry Cooperative HBS #688122. From Case Map , John Crane UK Ltd Case : The CAD CAM Link . HBS #691021,24p , To Move or not to Move .Case of Cathay Pacific Airways . University of Hong Kong HBS #HKU003,22p , Note on Quality: The Views of Deming, Juran, and Crosby HBS .687011 , Process Control at Polaroid , HBS, #693047 , LL Bean Item Forecasting and Inventory Management HBS, #893003, 5p , Johson Control Automotive Systems , HBS,#69308623p , Title Operations...
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...designing, controlling the process of production and redesigning business operations in the production of goods and/or services. It involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient in terms of using as few resources as needed, and effective in terms of meeting customer requirements. It is concerned with managing the process that converts inputs (in the forms of materials, labor, and energy) into outputs (in the form of goods and/or services). The course discusses the managerial processes underlying operations management in both service-providing and goods-producing organizations. Specific topics to be covered include introduction to operations management, forecasting, process design, capacity planning, facilities location and design, inventory management, supply chain management, maintenance, quality management and scheduling. COGNITIVE COURSE OBJECTIVES Upon completing the course, the student should be able to: 1) Explain the major decisions in operations management; 2) Discuss the importance of operations strategy in relation to competitive strategy and the attainment of organizational goals; 3) Explain the...
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...PLANT LOCATION The decision on locating an industrial plant is frequently one that has a vital effect on the success or failure of the operation of that plant. Hence it should be based upon a careful consideration of all factors pertinent to the business of the particular enterprise. Steps in selecting a plant site Selection of the region * Proximity to the market * Proximity to the necessary materials * Availability of transportation facilities * Adequacy of public and private services such as power, water, fuel, and gas * Favorable climatic conditions Selection of the particular community Which of all the communities in the chosen region can best supply the needs of the individual enterprise? * A labor supply that is adequate in numbers and in types of skill required. * Wage scales that competitive with or lower than those paid by other firms in the same industry. * Other enterprises in the community which are complementary or supplementary as regards raw materials, products ,labor demands and skills used. * Moderate taxes and the absence of restricting laws and ordinance. * Favorable living conditions and standards which label the community for both key and rank-file employees as a good place in which to live. Selection of the exact plant site Alternative communities may have to considered it no available or adequate plant site can be found in the first community selected. Trends in Plant Location * First is the...
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...deals with the decision making related to production process of that the resulting goods and service is produced according to specifications in the amounts and at the scheduled demanded and at minimum cost” – Elwood Butta. 4. What are the difference between production management and operation management? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Production mgmt It is concerned with manufacturing Out put is tangible In this, job useless labour and more equipment There is no customer participation 1. 2. 3. 4. Operation mgmt It is concerned with services Output is intangible In this, job use more labour and less equipment Frequent customer participation What are the functions of production mgmt? 1. Production planning 2. Production control 1 3. Factory building 4. Provision of plant services 5. Plant layout 6. Physical Environment 7. Method study 8. Inventory control 9. Quality control 10. Product department 6. Different classification/types of production: 1. Intermittent production 1.1. 1.2. Job or unit production Batch or quantity production 2. Continuous or mass production 3. Flexible manufacturing system (FMS) 4. Computer Integrated manufacturing (CIM) 7....
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...Topic 1 I Operations Management 1 List of Key Topics 1. Introduction to Operations Management 2. Performance Objectives & Operations Strategy 3. The Design of Products and Services 4. Facilities Location 5. Demand Forecasting and Capacity Management 6. Process Types 7. Facilities Layout and Flow 8. Process Design and Technology 9. Performance Improvement o Operations Management All organizations have an operations function Operations Function of an Airline – Fly passengers Operations Function of a Hotel – To provide accommodation 1 Operations Management is broad term for a range of activities to ensure that function is carried out efficiently and effectively The Evolution of Operations Management The Production Era; The Sales Era; The Marketing Era Operations differ in terms of The Volume of their output The Variety of their output The Variation of their output The Visibility which customers have of the process 2 Topic 2 Performance Objectives & Operations Strategy The Systems Approach 1 Synistanai – “bring together” or “combine” 2 Bringing together a set of interrelated parts to accomplish a set of objectives. 3 4 Transformational Model 5 Inputs Transformation Outputs 6 7 Operations Performance Objectives Quality – Doing things...
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...Term Paper Of Operation Management Topic, More Free Term Papers On Site: Www.Maturski.Org Index 1. Introduction 2. Product Range 3. Transformational Process Viz Inputs,Outputs and Process Followed in Conversion 4. Facility Layout 5. Facility Location 6. Production Planning System Viz Capacity Planning Operation Management Sheduling Etc. 7. Inventory Management 8. Model of Supply Chain Management Being Following Brief History of the Company The Business That Became the Bata Shoe Organization Was Established On August 24, 1894 In Zlin, Czechoslovakia by Tomas Bata, And Included His Brother Antonin and Sister Anna. Although This Business Was New, The Bata Name Had Been Part of a Tradition of Shoemaking for Eight Generations, Spanning Three Hundred Years. It Was One of the First Modern Day Shoe ‘manufacturers’ , A Team of Snitchers and Shoemakers Creating Footwear Not Just for the Local Town , But Also for the Distant Retail Merchants. This Departure From the Centuries Old Tradition of the One Man Cobbler’s Workshop Was a Brand New Concept, Creating an Entirely New Industry. The Bata Enterprise Revolutionized the Treatment of Employees and Labor Conditions. Tomas Consistently Maintained a Human Focus, Creating Opportunities for Development and Advancement, And Added Compensation for Employees Based On Achievement. In Late 1985. Antonin Was Drafted Into the Army for Compulsory Military Service and...
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...ii. Expensive warehouse rents iii. No space left for plant expansion iv. Longer lead time IV. Areas of consideration c. Strength v. High quality workmanship vi. Solid reputation for its creative designs d. Weaknesses vii. Costly standard furniture viii. Large volume of inventory ix. Disorganized production system x. Operates single manufacturing facility e. Opportunities xi. Company growth because of customer demands xii. Location encompass the entire great Lake Erie f. Threats xiii. Competitors on retail outlets cost less V. Analysis of the Problem g. With the case of Mr. Thomas, it is necessary to understand layout planning. I suggest that Mr. Thomas apply the Hybrid layout in producing furniture. Hybrid layout combines elements of both process and product layout, in which some portions of the facility are arranged in a process layout and others are in product layout. Since manufacturing...
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...Developing Layout Strategies Operations Management Abstract This paper examines the effects that a winning layout strategy can have on a firm in gaining a competitive advantage. I will first identify the seven types of layout strategies, and point out the purpose and importance of each layout strategy and touch upon the advantages and disadvantages of each. I will discuss considerations for each layout design along with the reasons to use each particular layout. I will cite four existing real-life examples of each using a different layout strategy to attain an advantage. I cite the example of how BMW is using an assembly line customization to improve profitability, the office layout trends of today to reduce costs and improve employee productivity, the recent trend in the hotel industry to redesign their lobby layout to increase revenue, and the Skecher’s warehousing layout strategy to reduce handling costs. Finally, I will conclude that an outstanding and effective layout strategy will give a firm a competitive advantage. Layout strategy is a critical part of an operations manager’s strategy decision. In this paper, I will identify and define the different types of layout, explain how to attain a good layout to have a productive process and how to balance production or service flow in many various service or product oriented industries. The proper strategic importances of layout decisions, the types of layout, layout design considerations and superior layouts to consider...
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...Layout plays a vital role in ensuring the efficiency of the process design. Layout involve utilizing business space via the arrangement between people and equipment and machines in effective manner so that the people movement and information flow are smooth long the process. In many kinds of industry nowadays, the efficiency of business also can be determined by its layout design. As the McDonalds example which succeed create competitive advantages through its layout design, businesses also have to plan well their layout or make changes of the old layout to ensure they can stay competitive in market. However, in determining best layout, company have to consider which there are two primary differences between manufacturing and service layout which it based on the factors of the production flow of the product and the degree of customer contact. I take an example of service layout which have a high degree of customer contact, Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) which as for me LCCT has efficient layout, even old-looks design, not so class as it built for the economy and low budget, suit with it names. LCCT is a fixed position layout whereby all the workers, equipment, planes and passengers come to the LCCT to have the services. In my opinion, like all projects, the kind layout is due to cost which it was a major factor that led to the LCCT being where and what it is today. The site was selected as it had a ready apron to accommodate several aircrafts, and it had ready road and services...
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...Chapter 6 Process Selection and Facility Layout After completing this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Explain the strategic importance of process selection. 2. Describe the influence that process selection has on an organization. 3. Compare the basic processing types. 4. Explain the need for management of technology. 5. List some reasons for redesign of layouts. 6. Describe the basic layout types, and the main advantages and disadvantages of each. 7. Solve simple line-balancing problems. 8. Develop simple process layouts. Glossary assembly line Standardized layout arranged according to a fixed sequence of assembly tasks. automation Machinery that has sensing and control devices that enable it to operate automatically. balance delay Percentage of idle time of a line. cellular production Layout in which workstations are grouped into a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements. computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) The use of computers in process control. computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) A system for linking a broad range of manufacturing activities through an integrating computer system. cycle time The maximum time allowed at each workstation to complete its set of tasks on a unit. fixed-position layout Layout in which the product or project remains stationary, and workers, materials, and equipment are moved as needed. flexible manufacturing system (FMS) A group of machines designed to handle intermittent processing...
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...INDP, Part 1 – Riordan Manufacturing INDP, Part 1 – Riordan Manufacturing Riordan Manufacturing defines itself as an industry leader in the field of plastic injection molding – they provide customizable injection molded plastic products to a number of industries and companies across the globe. They are currently seeking to update their global network that spans opposite ends of the globe. Through this upgrade to their current network, they would like to integrate all global locations with common WAN protocols, convert administration networks to WLANs, and bring VOIP to the whole corporation. In part one of this project, I will explain the current networks characteristics, components, and topology. Network Overview The below image explains the current network layout for Riordan Manufacturing. As the image shows, each of the four physical plant locations are all connected via a WAN connection. Each of the plants connects to the corporate hub location in San Jose. It should also be noted that, while the image does not define it, provided documentation explains that the WAN connection between San Jose and China locations is a satellite link (2013). Corporate and China Headquarters Both the corporate headquarters in San Jose, CA and the headquarters location in China have similar network layouts (expressed with a bus network topology) with a base of 100baseT (100 Mbps Ethernet). There are five sections provided in the diagram and explained within the documentation:...
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...Hans Kristian Tjemsland(a) , Ole Christian Wigestrand (b) A :Student , HH UIS, Anvendt Finans B: Student, HH UIS, Strategi & Ledelse Abstract: This article will highlight important differences between the traditional manufacturing business and the modern type of firm, come to known as business to business manufactures. The objective is to find differences using historical literature and data obtained from IMSS IV. In our search to find distinction between business to business (b2b) and business to consumer (b2c) we have use SPSS to statistical test the data we found. One of the main goals of this article is to give the reader some clear opinions about the development of a modern manufacture. Keywords: B2B, B2C, IMSS, Supply Chain and Customization. Background: Traditionally in Rogaland, the industry has manufactured products for end users. This implies that the manufacturers themselves have produced their entire product from scratch. High employee cost and government taxes have forced the companies to change. Today the manufacturers have changed to produce parts and components manly for the oil industry. This has led to longer supply chains and more use of outsourcing. In operations management there is many ways to control the manufacturing process. The change from producing products for end users to produces parts and components for other businesses have impacted the use of operations management. For instance, it has changed their strategy, marketing approach...
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...C I L I T Y L AYO U T 187 Basic Production Layout Formats Process layout defined Product layout defined Group technology (cellular) layout defined Fixed-position layout defined 188 Process Layout Computerized layout techniques—CRAFT Systematic layout planning CRAFT defined Systematic layout planning (SLP) defined 193 Product Layout Assembly lines Assembly-line balancing Splitting tasks Flexible and U-shaped line layouts Mixed-model line balancing Current thoughts on assembly lines Workstation cycle time defined Assembly-line balancing defined Precedence relationship defined 200 Group Technology (Cellular) Layout Developing a GT layout Virtual GT cells 202 203 Fixed-Position Layout Retail Service Layout Servicescapes Ambient conditions Spatial layout and functionality Signs, symbols, and artifacts 206 207 215 216 Office Layout Conclusion Case: Soteriou’s Souvlaki Case: State Automobile License Renewals technical note TECHNICAL NOTE FIVE cha06369_tn05.qxd 3/4/03 11:05 AM Page 187 FACILITY LAYOUT technical note 187 PLANET EARTH ORBITING THE ASSEMBLY LINE IN A GLOBE FACTORY. THE GLOBES ARE MOVING THROUGH THE FACTORY USING A TRANSPORT SYSTEM SUSPENDED FROM THE CEILING OF THE FACTORY. Layout decisions entail determining the placement of departments, work groups within the departments, workstations, machines, and stock-holding points within a production facility. The objective is to arrange these elements in a...
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