...Servant Leadership: A Review and Synthesis Dirk van Dierendonck Journal of Management 2011 37: 1228 originally published online 2 September 2010 DOI: 10.1177/0149206310380462 The online version of this article can be found at: http://jom.sagepub.com/content/37/4/1228 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Southern Management Association Additional services and information for Journal of Management can be found at: Email Alerts: http://jom.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://jom.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://jom.sagepub.com/content/37/4/1228.refs.html >> Version of Record - Jun 8, 2011 OnlineFirst Version of Record - Sep 2, 2010 What is This? Downloaded from jom.sagepub.com at OhioLink on February 1, 2013 Journal of Management Vol. 37 No. 4, July 2011 1228-1261 DOI: 10.1177/0149206310380462 © The Author(s) 2011 Reprints and permission: http://www. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Servant Leadership: A Review and Synthesis Dirk van Dierendonck Erasmus University Servant leadership is positioned as a new field of research for leadership scholars. This review deals with the historical background of servant leadership, its key characteristics, the available measurement tools, and the results of relevant studies that have been conducted so far. An overall conceptual model of servant leadership is presented...
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...Executive Summary Under the Management of Jeffrey H. Brotman, Costco Wholesale Corporation remains as one of the largest wholesaler retail in the world. Tech-Shield should consider the option of making an investment to Costco Wholesale Corporation due to the company’s effective business strategy, financial success, and reputable corporate policies. Costco's 5 year financial history has shown the increasing growth of the company. Costco has significant profit margin of 1.5% to 2%, showing that they are still growing and will become even more successful in the years to come. Costco continues to gain more loyal customers by attracting them on low priced goods and excellent customer service. Costco plays a very important role in the economy by creating jobs and opening up 30 new warehouses in 8 different countries from the year of 2012 to 2013. With more than 70 million members and employees, Costco prides their company to provide their customers quality products for the best price, ability to take care of their employers and customers, and to reward shareholders. Introduction Costco currently remains as the nation’s largest wholesale operator with 462 warehouses in the United States. In the year off 2013, Costco has over 71.2 million cardholders and 185,207 workers while profiting over 105.2 billion dollars in revenue. Wal-mart offers 100,000 items as divergent to 40,000 items at most grocery stores. However, Costco offers 10,000 items because they are able to order larger...
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...Article Reviewed : Eliane Bacha and Sandra Walker. (2012). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Followers’ Perceptions of Fairness, 116, 667-680. The article “The relationship between transformational leadership and follower’s perceptions of fairness” by Eliane Bacha and Sandra Walker is to study the relationship between transformational leadership and fairness on the distributive, procedural and interactional level. The research problem being addressed is whether the transformational leader impact the fairness of follower’s perception and reduce the gap among employees. It’s clearly stated in Abstract of the article that previously no study that focused on the direct relationship between transformational leadership and fairness. The researcher starts by saying Leadership research has typically not focused effectiveness paid little attention to the extent to which leader fairness affected leaders ability to mobilize and motivate followers. What can make the fairness’s perception among followers are the element of distributive, procedural and interactional of leader. Trustworthiness, ethical and integrity can be effective influence towards transformational leaders. That’s why a transformational leader who possesses values and ethical standards is perceived to be fair by his employees since he will be fair with them on the remuneration level, will allow them to participate in the decision making process, will treat all his employees...
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...of the learning activities to develop your competence, this course of study may take up to six weeks to complete. Depending on your educational background, work experience, and the time that you are able to dedicate to your studies, you may be able to accelerate your progress. If you wish to do so, please consult with your course mentor. Week 1 Activity Read the following chapter in Management Learning Resource or Site Chapter 1 (“Innovative Management for a Changing World”) Complete the chapter review discussion questions and activities Watch the OTJ Video (“Camp BowWow”) Camp BowWow Complete the OTJ Video Assessment Camp BowWow Assessment Complete Interactive Quiz 1 Interactive Quiz 1 Complete the Aplia Assignment-Innovative Management for a Changing World Aplia Assignment Read supplemental articles Zenger: Leadership Excellence Hargis: Examining the Role of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Across Contexts Business Read the following chapter in Management Chapter 2 (“The Evolution of Management Thinking”) Watch the OTJ Video (“Barcelona Restaurant Group”) Barcelona Restaurant Group Barcelona Restaurant Group Assessment Complete the OTJ Video...
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...This paper compares two studies dealing with leadership strategies in work-related settings. Although the settings vary, the study of management approaches and job satisfaction are similar in each. Charles Emery and Katherine Barker’s article, “The Effect of Transactional and Transformational Leadership Styles on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Customer Contact Personnel”, assess the effect of transactional and transformational leadership styles on job satisfaction and the accountability of customer service personnel. The research suggests that some styles of management, such as transformational leadership, may be more effective in the dedication of customer service employees. Daniel Koys’ article, “The Effects of Employee Satisfaction, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Turnover on Organizational Effectiveness: A Unit-Level, Longitudinal Study”, addresses the issue of whether business outcomes are influenced by employee attitudes and behaviors or vice versa. In addition, the researchers concentrate on organizational citizenship as well as employee turnover. Each research study in this paper will be addressed as Article 1 and Article 2 respectively throughout this paper. Comparison of Research Questions Both of these topics examine employee outlook and job gratification in the workplace as well as the impact employees have on customer mindsets and business outcomes. In article 1, transformational leadership and its relationship with employee attitude...
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...have also caused people’s attention. The purpose of this bibliography is to find the changes of gender in leadership. With the development of society, the number of female leaders is increasing in recent years (Michelle and Elaine, 2008). According to (Stewart, 2009), there are more difficulties facing female leaders than male leaders, which makes it difficult to involve more females in the leading positions. A research (Hilary, 2009) indicated that although the number of female leaders is increasing, the ratio of female leaders in leadership is not balanced and more females should be involved in management positions. According to Kaycee (2010), the changes of gender in leadership have been in the process, which can be proved by the changes of people’s attitudes to female leaders. Reference | Michelle M & Elaine Y(2008), The trend of female leaders in organisations, Journal of Management, 23, 7, pp 105-124 | Type of Article | Literature review | Aim\purpose | The purpose of this article is to find out the changes of female leaders in the past decade and explain the reasons of the changes and then predict the trend of changes. | Approach | This paper reviews previous theories about the necessary of involving female leaders and then it presents the process of female leaders entering the management field. It highlights the trend of changes of gender in leadership based on four reasons which are given step by step. | Conclusion | The number of female leaders has...
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...Annotated Bibliography Awadh, A. M. (2013). Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2(1). Retrieved from www.irmbrjournal.com The article focuses on how the organization's values affect productivity, profit, and how profit and productivity affect the organization's value. Explaining how important communicating a set of ethics, understood by employees, to strengthen the organization itself. Steered toward Managers, Consultants, Directors, Trainers, HR Managers,...
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...Leadership and Nurse Productivity Leadership and Nurse Productivity This paper will review an article by Elizabeth Curtis and Rhona O’Connell in Nurse Management-UK. “Essential leadership skills for motivating and developing staff” reviews the importance of leadership skill and empowering staff (Curtis & O'Connell, 2011). This article discusses the effect manager has on the staff they supervise, and how a negative attitude can produce negative results; whereby a positive and supportive environment can produce staff Nursing Leadership and Developing Staff Productivity. In the article, Curtis and O’Connell discuss the difference between transactional and transformational leadership. Transactional leadership is based on working on an agreed level of performance for a reward. Managers only intervene when something goes wrong. It is a reactionary type of managing. Transformational leadership, on the other hand, is supportive of the employee. Transformational leadership results in higher employee performance, positive relationships and greater employee satisfaction. When employees have job satisfaction is leads to increased productivity and retention. Data Analysis In reviewing and analyzing this article, the transformational leader has four main elements. These elements are charismatic leadership, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration (Curtis & O'Connell, 2011). This leadership style is important in...
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...differences exist between the performance of male and female leaders? What do the answers to these questions mean for females that aspire to leadership positions? Substantive Differences A fair amount of research has explored sex differences in business leadership. Although mostly survey research, a number of themes appear consistently, suggesting that there are some substantive differences between men and women with regard to leadership performance. For example, with regard to global leadership, research by Javidan et al. (2016) suggest that women demonstrate stronger leadership self-efficacy (the importance of which is iterated by Locke & Latham, 2002; Hannah et al., 2008; Lester et al., 2011; Luthans & Peterson, 2002; Paglis & Green, 2002) profiles in regard to passion for diversity, intercultural diversity and diplomacy, while men tend to show strong leadership self-efficacies regarding global business savvy, cosmopolitan outlook and interpersonal impact. Women tend to behave more ethically than do men, and also tend to be more personable (Anonymous, 2013; Stedham et al., 2007). An article by Gannon (2012) discusses research showing that women leaders are judged as more supportive and rewarding, whereas men are judged to be better at such behaviors as delegating and managing up. Other research is described in the Gannon (2012) article,* suggesting that women leaders demonstrate higher levels of compassion and team-building skills. In addition, women leaders are also rated...
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...Leadership is an important component in an organization. The ability to lead effectively is based on a number of key skills, such as communication skills, business knowledge and determination. These skills are highly sought after by employers as they involve dealing with people in such a way as to motivate, enthuse and build respect. How to use these skills are the key to success in business. There are three recent articles (Useem 2010 ; Cappelli et al. 2010 ; Ladkin & Weber 2011) which have analyzed that how to use leadership skills to motivate employees and scrutinized the influences and genre of leadership. The report of Ladkin and Weber reflects on the Hong Kong tourism, whereas Cappelli et al. focus on the experiences study of Indian leaders and the report by Useem reflects on the perspective of the United States military and focuses on a training program of adaptability leadership respectively. This review will compare three articles in types of leadership required and how to use communication, business knowledge and determination to motivate employees. All three texts mention the advantages of suitable communication skills. All authors agree that the reasonable communication with employees can make them more stringent and more efficient and improve the desire of employees to complete their works. Cappelli et al. believe that excellent communication skills can help employees to solve puzzles in them work and eliminate the misunderstanding of employees in their...
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...PALLICKAPARAMBIL JOSEPH STUDENT ID : 18169520 CAMPUS : BENTLEY Table of Contents ORIGINALITY 4 RELATIONSHIP TO LITERATURE 4 METHODOLOGY 4 RESULTS 4 IMPLICATIONS OF THIS WORK 5 QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION 5 OBSERVATION 5 CRITICAL AND REFLECTIVE THOUGHT 7 REFERENCES 9 ORIGINALITY The authenticity paradox is an interesting article, which stress on maintaining a right balance in once authentic nature cultivated from the invaluable experience on the job and the willingness to move out of the comfort zone to explore and embrace change to become a more efficient leader. The article takes the real life experiences of managers in different organisations citing as examples to explain in the detail about the concept of becoming a better leader. The article on self leadership basically points out the importance of personal choices and decisions taken to move a person in the right direction of being an efficient leader. The concepts of this article are explained using a mix theories and examples. The importance of lessons learned from past failures are stressed as a necessity for a good leader. RELATIONSHIP TO LITERATURE The article on authenticity mainly looks into the experiences of different...
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...Understand own ability to fulfil key responsibilities of the leadership role and review effectiveness of own leadership capability and performance in meeting organisational values and goals 520 – A.C. 2.1/522 – A.C. 1.1 Assess your ability to apply different leadership styles in a range of situations Assess own ability to use a range of leadership styles in different situations (12 marks/12 marks) Talk through range of styles and relate these to theory Type people – personality, situation, level of development give 2-3 examples of using different styles Examples of different styles required 522 – A.C. 1.1 Apply different leadership styles with different types of people (8 marks) Apply different leadership styles with different types of people (8 marks) Give examples 520 – A.C. 2.2 – review and assess own ability to communicate the organisation’s values and goals to staff in own area Assess own ability to communicate values and goals to staff in own area (12 marks) Values and goals separately, 6 marks each Use Dsc as example 522 – A.C. 2.1 review and assess own ability to set direction and communicate this to others Review own ability to set direction and communicate this to others (20 marks) 522 – A.C. 2.2 motivate, delegate and empower others. Review own ability to motivate, delegate and empower others (20 marks) Relationship of Emotional Intelligence with Team Performance As emotional intelligence is critical to high performance, a person who knows how to stay motivated...
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...Web Site Reviews Professional Learning Communities (PLC’s) have become common place within educational communities. PLC’s are a collection of educators working collaboratively towards a common goal to increase positive outcomes of students in the learning process. Educators may be involved in multiple groups of PLC’s pertaining to the different groups of students that they serve through their job descriptors. PLC’s were born out of the newest attempt of educational reform surrounding educational standards, in order to focus on best practices within the classroom that achieve the best outcomes. The following websites have been reviewed as a part of research into PLC’s. www.ascd.org The Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development...
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...and Skills Theory: A Doctoral Learner Comparison Approach in Understanding Leadership Traits and Skills Patricia Faison Grand Canyon University LDR 802 August 21, 2013 Traits and Skills Theory: A Doctoral Learner Comparison Approach in Understanding Leadership Traits and Skills Two empirical research studies were compared in the comparison matrix. The articles were located in the Grand Canyon University library. Article one written by Connelly, et al. (2000), is entitled: “Exploring the Relationship of Leadership Skills and Knowledge to Leader Performance.” Article two written by Baum and Locke (2004) is entitled:” The Relationship of Entrepreneurial Traits, Skill, and Motivation to Subsequent Venture Growth.” Article one examines leadership characteristics and capabilities. Article two contributes to the understanding of personal characteristic and the effects they may have on entrepreneur, was to examine military leaders, and civilian leadership skills which are critical in being a successful leader. Connelly, et al (2000) argues that, “the nature of the leader capacities impact leader behavior and performance.” Baum and Locke (2004) study “contributes to the revival of interest in understanding the effects of entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics importance between relationship of traits and subsequent venture growth among entrepreneurs.” Connelly, et al (2000) calculated the impacts of leadership skills, and knowledge in addition to the relationship of leader performance...
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...Difference between Male and Female Leadership Styles Abstract Leadership styles differences in men and women have been attributed to upbringing, gender, environment, and development. Women were determined to have faster brain development than men. Societal norms suggested being raised differently because of gender caused differences in leadership styles. Some studies concluded innate traits cause males to be more aggressive versus a female’s nurturing nature. Still, others claim environmental factors, more specifically a male dominated workplace, are responsible for the difference in how male and females’ leader. The issue is many women are not reaching the upper levels of management based on the perceived notions mentioned above. Is there one specific reason that causes the difference between male and female leadership styles? Is there one determining (controlled) factor to bring the two leadership styles to conformity? During the research process the causes of leadership style differences were explored in detail by the use of questionnaires, surveys, and interviews to ascertain what workers, at all levels, in the business community perceived to be the determining factor. Overall, these findings propose psychological or physiological differences in males and females as the cause of different styles when using uncontrolled factors. My choice of a methodological perspective as a qualitative research method, to include the use of surveys, questionnaires, and a group...
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