...5:38 PM Page 302 CHAPTER 13 Ethics and Leadership Effectiveness Joanne B. Ciulla T he moral triumphs and failures of leaders carry a greater weight and volume than those of nonleaders (Ciulla, 2003b). In leadership we see morality magnified, and that is why the study of ethics is fundamental to our understanding of leadership. The study of ethics is about human relationships. It is about what we should do and what we should be like as human beings, as members of a group or society, and in the different roles that we play in life. It is about right and wrong and good and evil. Leadership is a particular type of human relationship. Some hallmarks of this relationship are power and/or influence, vision, obligation, and responsibility. By understanding the ethics of this relationship, we gain a better understanding of leadership, because some of the central issues in ethics are also the central issues of leadership. They include the personal challenges of authenticity, self-interest, and self-discipline, and moral obligations related to justice, duty, competence, and the greatest good. Some of the most perceptive work on leadership and ethics comes from old texts and is out there waiting to be rediscovered and reapplied. History is filled with wisdom and case studies on the morality of leaders and leadership. Ancient scholars from the East and West offer insights that enable us to understand leadership and Author’s Note: A special thanks goes to Jepson...
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...Effectiveness of Innovation Leadership ----Based on the Failure of Com Dev International Ltd In the first essay, I analyzed the leadership of Roger, the leader of Suzhou Com Dev International Ltd (hereinafter referred to as Suzhou Company). In this essay, I will discuss the problem and solutions to Roger’s problematic leadership based on ecology of innovation, initiating and consideration structure, and transformational leadership In order to create ecologies of innovation, we should know what is innovation and ecology. On one hand, innovation precisely means going beyond the norm, an implication embedded into the center of the world innovation—nova—which means doing new things rather than repeating what worked in the past (Jeffrey; James hazy) . On the other hand, the term ecology, which stems from the Greek word “eco”, meaning household or community, refers to particular kind of community. Innovation is the outcome of a system-wide set of processes and interactions—what we call an ecology of innovation. In a new situation, innovative leaders should find the diversities and amplify the diversities into emergent innovations, which will cause interaction resonance and render the organization more adaptable to unpredictable changes in its environment. Transformational leadership is seen as one of the factors that drive subordinates’ innovative activity, and as the psychological mechanisms that underlie transforming and transactional leadership (Howell and Avolio...
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...Social Science Leadership Style and Perception of Effectiveness: Enlightening Malaysian Managers Sharmila Jayasingam (Corresponding author) Faculty of Business and Accounting Universiti Malaya 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Tel: 03-7967-3833 E-mail: sharmila@um.edu.my Moey Yoke Cheng KDU College Sdn. Bhd 32, Jalan Anson 10400 Penang E-mail: ycmoey12@yahoo.com Abstract In the past, the leadership style of Malaysian managers has been different from our Western counterparts due to strong cultural differences. However, with the advent of knowledge economy and the transformation of workforce, leadership style of Malaysian managers is said to be altered. This research explored the current state of leadership style among Malaysian managers and its effect on the perception of effectiveness. A survey method was employed and the data was drawn from subordinates who were working in private and public sectors in the Klang Valley area. When compared to past literature, the results imply that a shift has taken place primarily with regards to autocratic leadership. Respondents attributed leadership effectiveness to the use of participative and nurturant-task leader behavior. Gender differences were not significantly evident. Keywords: Malaysian managers, Leadership, Gender 1. Introduction Reading most Management textbooks would readily reveal that leadership is one of the four management function that needs to be assumed by any manager. Although numerous studies of effective leadership style for...
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...HS 3001 LEADERSHIP AND CHANGE Critically analyse the effectiveness of leadership in the NHS Summary This essay will discuss and critically analyse the effectiveness of leadership role of senior nurses in the NHS. The essay will examine the definition of leadership, different theories of leaderships and how it can be implicated to nursing practice including changes that should be made to make nursing leaders more effective in NHS health care settings. Leadership is an important topic that is highly looked at in NHS. Policy makers approves that nurses have a leadership responsibility in clinical and managerial aspects of things in health care settings. Introduction There are so many different definition of leadership. According to Alimo-metcalfe and Lawler (2001) which stated ‘there is no single, robust definition of leadership available within UK organisations today’. Also according to Huber (2006) ‘leader use their power to bring teams together, spark innovation, create positive communication and drive forward toward group goals’ However, the most common definition that is used is by Northouse (2004), This defined leadership as ‘a process whereby an individual influences a group of individual to achieve a common goal’. This definition confines the fundamental nature of leadership but at the same time it has acknowledged that due to wild ranges of leadership perspective, there will be many definitions of what leadership means depending on the importance of personal...
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...Attitudes towards Gender and Leadership Effectiveness By: Claire Duthil Attitudes towards Gender and Leadership Effectiveness Abstract This paper seeks to review and discuss the roles of gender in leadership and how they are effective. As shown from previous overviews, the evidence for sex differences in leadership behavior is still mixed, yet it is clear that these sex differences have not vanished. Although we are in the 21st century, women face hardship every day in the workplace as leaders. It is argued that sex differences in leadership styles is one of the main reasons in which male and female leaders work with different styles. Organizational factors like sex-composition of the immediate working context and hierarchical level are important moderators of leadership styles. For example, women are more likely than men to lead in a style that is effective under contemporary conditions (Eagly, Carli, 2003). To contrast these claims, Veccho claims that "women have some disadvantages in typical leadership style but suffer some disadvantages from prejudicial evaluations of their competence as leaders, especially in masculine organizational contexts" (Veccho, 2002). All in all women are rising into leadership roles at all levels. Problem Statement The society has always been in a need of effective management and efficient leaders on top. The roles of leaders determine the course and successfulness of the processes in all walks of life. In times...
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...Introduction United Stationers Inc, known as USCO by its employees, is a leading North American wholesale distributor of business products, with 2010 net sales of 4.8 billion. The company stocks approximately 100,000 items from over 1,000 manufacturers. This includes a broad and deep selection of technology products, office products, office furniture, janitorial and break room supplies, and industrial products. United Stationers consist of over 64 distribution centers nation wide that operate within two shifts. Setting, managing performance and adhering to (KPI’s) Key Performance Indicators are all apart of the performance management agenda. Metrics and goal objectives include proposed staffing and driving affective productivity and top quality. These are formulas that make the wheels turn within the distribution environment. The foundation for performance management system is performance measurement. In order for performance measurement to be done successfully, managers must have good answers to both questions “Why?” and the “What?” Problem Statement Productivity has suffered as a result of involuntary terminations, ineffective strategic planning, and economic downturn. Many executives find that strategic planning is key yet very challenging because if not done properly it may act as a barrier to good decision making. The decision not to fill vacancies and instead move the employees around from other shifts had the thought behind it of getting the same or more work...
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...there was a difference between operational effectiveness. Operational effectiveness measures competency and how well a company outperforms its rivals, but a large part of strategy implements evolution and differentiating amongst competitors. As Michael E. Porter states, “A company can outperform rivals only if it can establish a difference that it can preserve” (Porter 2010, p. 3). In addition, a great deal of strategic positioning is to know the market and deliver the needs of demands. For example, Southwest provides a first come first serve seating and allows its customers to check in 2 bags for free, while Spirit Airlines have the lowest deals in most flights, but charges their customers a fee for any carry on bags or checked in luggage. American Airlines and affiliates offer wifi and complimentary drinks on flights and JetBlue has Direct TV for its customers. I use these examples because I travel back and forth from California and Oregon, and have observed these features on many airlines. I find it very applicable to the topic of strategy. Each and every airline has its distinguishable features as incentives for customers to choose them over their rivalries. My perception of strategy has evolved in that I have applied many of the previous discussions we have had in the past with strategy and effective implementation. I find it hard to successfully carry forth strategic planning and success within a company without great leadership, management and an understanding of organizational...
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...WEEK 1 – INTRODUCTION TO ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE Organisational change is an organisation’s response in process to external environmental changes. The pendulum of change: organisations will be at various stages, but desire to be on the OD side Organisational Focus vs. Organisational Transformational Focus OD – planned, long term, internal focus (strengthening the company for the future) (evolutionary) OT – unplanned, short term, reactive, external focus (revolutionary) Planned vs. Unplanned Planned change: an organisation’s ability to anticipate and respond to change (implementing new technologies) Unplanned change: organisations have limited time to respond and anticipate change (emerges as a response to unanticipated threat or event) Evolutionary vs. Revolutionary Evolutionary change: Slow, incremental but stable, change individual parts or departments, improve existing products Revolutionary: Fast, massive and establishes new equilibrium, transform entire organisation, new structure/management, introduce new products (Apple created a new smart phone in response to NOKIA, due to Steve Jobs). 1st order and 2nd order change First Order: incremental/episodic, adjustment in systems, changes maintains & develops Second Order: discontinuous, transformational, radical change that fundamentally alters the organisation (Revolutionary) Type of Organisational Change 1. Tuning: Incremental 1st order) 2. Adaptation: Incremental, reactive 3. Reorientation:...
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...from enhancing the self-efficacy or self-management of trainees. Self-efficacy is a personal belief that one can accomplish a task successfully. Self-management is a strategy that trainees adopt to help them to maintain desired behaviors or to recognize symptoms that indicate variance from a desired path. A very high value can also be find in benefit number 9. Leadership training seems to enhance the attitudes and performance of followers. Specifically, it seems to have a positive effect on the motivation, values, and self –efficacy of followers. This means, if the managers/leaders in my company are well-trained this will also have a effect on all the team-members and I’ll probably won’t have to train everybody by just training the managers. Last but not least a training on team-skills will round-up the choice of most-valued training-benefits. Training in team communication and team effectiveness have positive effects on team performance. They also seem to affect nontechnical skills (team building) as well as situation awareness and decision making. Research shows that a number of factors affect training effectiveness. For example, training success is determined not...
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...Managerial Practices Executive Summary Brendan Moaratty CJA/484 June 15, 2015 Gina Craft Managerial Practices Executive Summary Organizational effectiveness is the ability of a particular organization to run as a well-oiled machine that meets goals set in place for success throughout an organization. An organization must work efficiently; therefore obtainable goals must be set within achievable timeframes in order to meet all expectations of the organizations main purpose. This allows an organization to produce productive work with a desired effect throughout the organization without wasteful use of valued assets (Charrier, K. 2007). Organizational effectiveness is imperative when managing each area of criminal justice personnel in a law enforcement capacity, courts, or correctional facility personnel. Each of the settings is different, but the behavior concepts for each department of a law enforcement function must be the same when it comes to managing a department properly and professionally. Organizational effectiveness is where each member of the organization works as a team efficiently and effectively to the best of their ability for mission success. The desired outcome of organizational effectiveness is to utilize all the resources necessary to complete the mission, but at little cost of man hours, allotted time, necessary materials, and energy to the organization as a whole. This entails a productive team to obtain all goals without having an adverse effect on...
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...Organizational effectiveness can be defined as the efficiency with which an association is able to meet its objectives. This means an organization that produces a desired effect or an organization that is productive without waste. Organizational effectiveness is about each individual doing everything they know how to do and doing it well; in other words organizational efficiency is the capacity of an organization to produce the desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, and human and material resources. The desired effect will depend on the goals of the organization, which could be, for example, making a profit by producing and selling a product. An organization, if it operates efficiently, will produce a product without waste. If the organization has both organizational effectiveness and efficiency, it will achieve its goal of making a profit by producing and selling a product without waste. In economics and the business world, this may be referred to as maximizing profits. The main measure of organizational effectiveness for a business will generally be expressed in terms of how well its net profitability compares with its target profitability. Additional measures might include growth data and the results of customer satisfaction surveys. Highly effective organizations exhibit strengths across five areas: leadership, decision making and structure, people, work processes and systems, and culture. For an organization to achieve and sustain success, it...
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...building productive and effective teams from within the team itself. Training programs exist to help teams perform tasks and jobs efficiently as possible. Team training programs exists to train the team itself from within the team using the team. Although the article I read pertained to team building in the medical field, much of what was done can be applied to any team looking to better increase efficacy and productivity. In order to determine what makes teams effective we need to know what separates from groups. In a group a leader is appointed, the groups missions is its purpose, only individual work provide products, and effectiveness is measured indirectly. In a Team leadership responsibilities are shared, the team has a specific well-defined purposed that is unique to the team, the team works with its members to develop products and effectiveness is measured by assessing team work products (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Overall when at work a persons in grouped into teams to help According to the article (Klipfel, et al., 2014) “Respectful communication serves as a foundation for establishing partnerships between persons by engaging them in formation exchange, that develops mutual understating, shared knowledge, and consensus that leads to identifiable action. The example given is when a nurse describes a patient’s illness, they usually describe in broad narrative prospective language, while the physician on other hand prefers concise and direct statements (Klipfel,...
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...UP: prepare through brief, acknowledge potential problems, comm. Use all info, Update flight image SOP’s Remember the brief, who is responsible, use the checklist,company standards, to work together, SOPS help crew S.A. Checklist usage: normal, emergency and abnormal Personality and Behavior Aggressive(Achieve objectives, lose friends,lose respect, lose productivity, unhappy workforce, high turn over of staff,), Submissive(Avoid problems think you’ll be liked more, may get used no resolution to problems not being heard, afraid to speak up , loss of respect) , Assertive( Greater efficeny, better working environment, respect, trust, not scared to ask question Hard work) PACE model Probe, Alert, Challenge, Emergency Management and leadership Authority : The effective...
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...includes examples from various channels to deliver the message for its intended purposes. The assignment by Team B was an exercise to give practice to team members, to write business communication and to review and learn from the feedback from the instructor. It also allow the team members to analyze the completed work and use as a learning tool. Each communique had a purpose which focused on the communication, from individuals in the accounting department. Each member from B Team were to write a communique using one of the scenarios provided by the assignment guidelines, as an employee in accounting, representing the company considering to acquire the other. The purpose of this summary is to evaluate the communiques by Team B and its effectiveness to its readers. The evaluation will also cover areas such as, appropriateness, style and channel, and suggestions for a more effective message. The first thing one might find important in this evaluation is the ethical implications of information discovered which have an effect on the evaluation. The information concludes that after careful review of the financial statements of JJJ Company, it appears, it may not serve as a benefit to the ABC Company to acquire JJJ Company. And, it might be best for ABC Company to consider other companies which may hold a better financial situation...
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...helping each other within their own areas of responsibility 1. Determine what kind of group a. Formal, informal, command, task, interest or friendship or any combination 2. Determine group properties b. Roles, norms, status, size, cohesiveness 3. Determine if group think, group shift, group polarization is skewing group goals B. Effective teams (Ch.10) - Group where individual efforts result in performance that is greater than the sum of the individual inputs 4. Definition 5. Determine type of team c. Problem-solving, self-managed, cross-functional or virtual 6. Characteristics of effective teams d. Adequate resources, leadership and structure, climate of trust, performance evaluation and reward systems 7. Team composition e. Abilities, personalities, allocation of roles, diversity, size, preferences 8. Team Processes f. Plan and purpose, specific goals, efficacy, mental model, conflict levels, social loafing 9. Team Building g. Selecting, training, rewarding II. Determine strategies to resolve conflict within organizations (Ch.14) C. Conflict Process 10. Potential opposition or incompatibility, cognition and personalization, intentions, behavior, outcomes h. Problems with communication, structure, personal variables i. Perceived conflict and felt...
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