...of the Navy, Army and Air Force On 1 February 1968, Bill C-243, The Canadian Forces Reorganization Act became law and the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN), the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) were combined into one service - the Canadian Forces. This process was accomplished by "integration" of the three services, and then Unification into a homogenous organization. I believe that Paul Hellyer helped shape the Canadian Forces into what it is today and also I do think that the integration and unification was a bad thing at the time as if it didn’t happen back in the 1968 it surely would have happen at a later date with General Rick Hillier. I will look into the process that Paul Hellyer took in bringing these three different services together under unification and explore some other opinions that I have found amongst way vast research upon the web. In 1964 the Minister of National Defense Paul Hellyer published the White Paper on Defense. In it he proposed the unification of the three services, the creation of a single command structure reporting to the Chief of Defense Staff and the restructuring of the current geographically based commands into six function-based commands. The process began with the introduction of Bill C-90 creating the CDS’ office and a single chain of command and culminated with Bill 243 the Canadian Forces Reorganization Act in February 1968, which unified the three services and created the Canadian Forces, as we know it today. During...
Words: 2891 - Pages: 12
...Peacemaking and Its Role in Bolstering Canadian Military Professionalism 16 December 2010 As the international view on how combat effectiveness is measured shifts with the change in how international conflicts are resolved, the role of the Canadians as peacekeepers has come under scrutiny. It has been argued that Canada's close tied with the United States has diminished the Canadian Force's relevance and ability to remain current in the modern theatre of war. However, Canada's participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations since 1945 has been a major factor in maintaining and enhancing military professionalism within the CF for the following reasons: 1. Peacekeeping is a dynamic role, always changing and evolving. 2. Peacekeeping and peacebuilding keeps the integrity Canada’s forces a strong presence both at home and on the international stage. 3. The training involved in performing these roles increases the diversity of the Canadian military. This paper will define what is meant when referring to military professionalism. It will then examine how peacekeeping is defined by the United Nations, the legacy of peacekeeping, and how it is born out of a tradition of combat. There will be a discussion about training peacekeepers, and how the Canadian Forces' role as a peacekeeper impacts our international relationships. In conclusion, the relevance of the CF's support missions and how they do indeed bolster its professionalism will be indisputable...
Words: 2972 - Pages: 12
...2013-11-30 In a small office near the corner of a cold war era building in an area known to members as command flats, the executive officer contemplates his recommendation to the commanding officer regarding the future of HMCS QUEEN. There is much on the line, two immediate issues weigh heaviest on his mind. Number one, higher command has just announced that his unit officially is the smallest unit in Canada. Number two, there is a strategic need for a unit to open in Prince Rupert, BC and there is only enough funding nationally for 24 units giving him the impression that if something is not done soon there is a very real possibility of his unit being shut-down. HMCS QUEEN Her Majesty’s Canadian Ship (HMCS) QUEEN is a naval reserve division of the Royal Canadian Navy, whose primary location is located on the East side of Wascana Park in Regina, Saskatchewan. The unit was established in 1923 as the...
Words: 4712 - Pages: 19
...The Role of the Militia in Today’s Canadian Forces Jack English | September 2011 Strategic Studies Working Group Papers The Role of the Militia in Today’s Canadian Forces ABOUT THE AUTHOR Lt. Col.-Dr. John A. English retired from the Canadian army in 1993 with 37 years service in the King’s Own Calgary Regiment, the Queen’s Own Rifles, and Princess Patricia’s Canadian Light Infantry. Educated at Royal Roads and the Royal Military College, he went on leave without pay to attain an MA in history from Duke University in 1964. He graduated from Canadian Forces Staff College in 1972, attained an MA in war studies from RMC in 1980, and a Ph.D. from Queen’s University in 1989. During his career he served as a NATO war plans officer, Chief of Tactics of the Combat Training Centre, instructor at the Canadian Land Forces Command and Staff College, and curriculum director of the National Defence College. He is the author of A Perspective on Infantry republished in paperback as On Infantry (Praeger, 1984), The Canadian Army and the Normandy Campaign: A Study of Failure in High Command (Praeger, 1991), Marching through Chaos: The Descent of Armies in Theory and Practice (Praeger, 1996), Lament for an Army: The Decline of Canadian Military Professionalism (Irwin, 1998), Patton’s Peers: The Forgotten Allied Field Army Commanders of the Western Front 1944-45 (Stackpole, 2009), and Surrender Invites Death: Fighting the Waffen SS in Normandy (Stackpole, 2011). He is also co-author of...
Words: 30570 - Pages: 123
...Caribbean by preventing a communist regime from taking over political control of Grenada, and to emplace a stable democratic government on Grenada after removal of the communist political party and leadership. As valid and/or justified as these reasons may be, the rest of the world did not see the invasion as being such a noble cause. The thirty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly voted 108 to 9 in condemning the U.S. invasion of Grenada as deeply deplorable and viewed the invasion as a flagrant violation of international law, independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the State. (Ref 1). The United Nation Resolution also notes it demands an immediate cessation of the armed intervention and the immediate withdrawal of the foreign troops from Grenada. (Ref 2). At the UN, The US defended its actions in an address by US UN Ambassador Jeanne Kirkpatrick, “The United States, whose own nationals and vital interests were independently affected, joined the effort to restore minimal conditions of law and order in Grenada and eliminate the threat posed to the security of the entire region.” (Ref 4). In a Cherry Point Marine Corps Air Station address, President Ronald Reagan defended his decision to send US troops to Grenada, “In Grenada, our military forces moved quickly and professionally to protect American lives and respond to an urgent request from the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States. We joined in an effort to restore order and democracy to...
Words: 2918 - Pages: 12
...FLQ. No action could of been taken or more cautious action. In this time, the police force was so overworked and tired, they signed the National Defence Act allowing the request by Quebec for the military service from the Canadian Armed Forces. The disputed part of the act is that it never states war, invasion and insurrection which is the basis of the act. Some Canadians thought that it was unpatriotic but on the other hand, other Canadians thought it was necessary because Quebec was unsafe. Canadians thought it was unpatriotic because they felt not enough information was given of the WMA and the FLQ. The government and the legislature also felt it had no say in what was occurring. Prime Minister Trudeau insisted all facts that the government used was public knowledge. For us to determine of whether implementing the WMA was moral is almost impossible because there are many perspectives on it. People for it would say they were in danger and had the support of Canadian people and some members of the government. However, people against it claim it was an extreme way which took away Canadians civil rights and made the situation worse. A survey was taken by Richard Sorrentino and Neil Vidmar to look at the short-term and long-term effects of the crisis. It looked at whether the October Crisis changed the public opinion temporarily or remained stable. The survey was taken of English Canadian residents of London, Ontario. There were five different times when the survey was conducted...
Words: 1257 - Pages: 6
...Salovey's four areas of E I, which are assessed on the basis of the MSCEIT ability test. These four areas will be compared with the five areas stated by Goleman and each will be critically assessed. Finally there will be a discussion of the practical applicability of E I to the education of adults and its relevance in various genres of the workforce. A. The Origins of E I 1. Emotion Mayer and Salovey stated that the traditional image of emotion is as a vice of human nature that is to be controlled as it was perceived to have the capability of fully possessing the individual to create a complete loss of cerebral control, thus depriving him of his rationality. This was then turned on its head with the new concept of emotion as the motivating force which for the first time gave insight into emotion as an integral function of the human condition. Emotion is therefore a response...
Words: 3812 - Pages: 16
...Weaponry Since many of the soldiers who participated in the first battle of Bull Run were state volunteers, they were armed with whatever the state government provided them. Many soldiers were issued smooth bore weapons at the beginning of the war. As it progressed, more and more soldiers were armed with rifled weapons, being more accurate and far superior to smooth bore rifles. For the past 150 years, the soldier’s weapon of choice was the .69 caliber smooth bore musket. These rifles were inaccurate and did not have an effective killing range (100-200 yards). A lot of luck went into the soldier’s marksmanship. In the days prior, Napoleonic tactics were commonplace on the battlefield. In this fashion, soldiers lined up side by side and fired a volley of lead into the enemy’s direction, each rank taking turns to reload while the other fired. This tactic was effective in its own right, causing high casualties to both sides. During the civil war however, good soldiers were hard to find, and advancements in technology allowed them to use tactics and weaponry that helped keep soldiers alive on the battlefield. Advancements in the weaponry used during the First battle of the Bull Run made a significant difference in many aspects of the battle. Rifles used in the battle looked identical to the ones previously used, but with one key change: rifling. Rifled weapons have groves cut inside the barrel that cause the projectile to spin as it leaves the muzzle of the weapon. This barrel groove...
Words: 1446 - Pages: 6
...ETHICS IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR AND DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO ETHICS IN MILITARY Abstract Ethics and morals are used instead of each other in everyday life. However, there are some differences between these two expressions. Those who think that ethics is different than morals argue that ethics is more universal compared to morals. While moral is a national concept, ethics is considered to be a universal notion. It is observed that discussions on ethics in the public administration have been increasing in the world since 1970’s. Although corruption in the political-bureaucratic system has been considered to be a characteristic of underdeveloped countries, certain problems observed in the public administration sector of some western countries in 1970’s drew the attention of the public opinion and excited debates on ethics. The notion of ethics in the public administration as it is in the West has been drawing more attention in Turkey in recent years. The legislation regarding ethical infrastructure in the Turkish Public administration has been scattered until 2004. In this article, the developments of ethical issues are explained in legal framework and also, different approaches in military from different countries are compared. Comments are made on the differences and similarities of “codes of ethics” and “moral values”. Key Words: Business Ethics, Codes, Military, Morals, Public Administration. Introduction While ethical and moral are...
Words: 7385 - Pages: 30
...Challenges of Diversity in the Military | Morgan Marais, Frank Porter, Cheryl Cameron, Larry Franklin1Q-HRL303X-A1-07January 28, 2016 | Abstract The problem of managing today’s diverse workforce, in my opinion, stems from the inability of humanity to comprehend the personal prejudice attitudes and the failure to see past another individual’s race, gender, or sexual orientation to see the positive potential and the ability to perform the job. “Immigration, worker migration (guest workers), and gender and ethnic differences continue to change, dramatically, the composition of the workforce” (Barak, 2013). The US Armed Forces is home to virtually every possible ethnic and religious group, a team with whom has a single purpose to protect our nation, to fight for and preserve our freedom. Introduction In the military, diversity is a complex subject, both conceptually and regarding managerial and practical implications. This is one of the most significant and challenging tasks that human resource management, and military leaders, over the past two or three decades, have had to face. Recruitment, training, and maintaining employment is challenging traditional military attitudes, norms, beliefs and values. Human resources have adapted, and revised programs, philosophies, practices, and policies. Diversity (or heterogeneity), in all its forms, is a topic of contemporary concern and debate, as well as an influence on transformation and change; which gives challenges for...
Words: 2520 - Pages: 11
...Leadership, Management and Command: The Officer’s trinity.[1] W B Howieson & H Kahn The acts of leading, managing and commanding (based on either philosophy or practice) have had to adapt throughout the history of the Royal Air Force, in concert with changing environments; these acts will have to change again in the 21st century and will require new skills, new attitudes and differing perspectives of the Officer’s trinity. INTRODUCTION There is a plethora of literature on leadership, management and command. In the civilian (business) market, there are – literally – thousands of books on leadership; management; and leadership and management as a ‘dual’ concept. However, there are no books in the business market on what the military call ‘command’.[i] In contrast, in the military domain, there are an equal amount of books on leadership; command; and leadership and command together. However, very little has been written – to date – about military management; this represents a very serious limitation. New business practices and performance management systems now require capable senior managers and leaders and private sector organizations have found clear strategic benefit in providing a structured approach to the developmental needs of senior executives. Although it is recognized that leadership, management and command are closely related (especially in the military environment), comparatively little has been written on the nature and practice...
Words: 7684 - Pages: 31
...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS ANTHRAX VACCINE AS A COMPONENT OF THE STRATEGIC NATIONAL STOCKPILE: A DILEMMA FOR HOMELAND SECURITY by Thomas L. Rempfer December 2009 Thesis Advisor: Second Reader: Stanley Supinski Dean Lynch Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 2. REPORT DATE December 2009 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Master’s Thesis 5. FUNDING NUMBERS Anthrax Vaccine as a Component of the Strategic National Stockpile: A Dilemma for Homeland Security 6. AUTHOR(S) Thomas L. Rempfer 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 93943-5000...
Words: 3672 - Pages: 15
...Bin Laden Is Dead: America Still Unsafe Devry University English 135 June 28, 2011 Introduction So, in the end it was not a cold, dark Afghan cave that sheltered the world's most wanted man, Osama bin Laden. It was a huge million dollar home in Abbottabad, Pakistan, with far too much security and 18-foot high walls, much taller than necessary to protect the two couriers who allegedly lived there alone. A U.S. bullet into his head, among other places, is what brought the sudden end to Bin Laden's life after a 10-year hunt for the spiritual leader of the global Al-Qaeda terrorist franchise and the master plotter of the 9/11 attacks, which killed nearly 3,000 people. The death of Osama bin Laden has raised many questions; what impact does his death have on U.S. counter-terrorism activities, Al-Qaeda and Islamic extremism, and U.S./NATO efforts in Afghanistan? More importantly, is the world any safer now than it was before? U.S. efforts to combat terrorism Without doubt, the death of the Al-Qaida leader is a great achievement in the global fight against terrorism. The spontaneous celebrations that broke out across the U.S. show how eagerly Americans were waiting to see this day. “History's most expansive, expensive and exasperating manhunt has finally ended, but the most expensive war against terrorism still has a long way to go.” (China Post, 2011) While we take comfort in his removal, we must not become complacent in our efforts to win the war on terror. Bin...
Words: 2381 - Pages: 10
...A Summary of the Rwandan Genocide Rwanda: A Brief History of the Country Rwanda’s population of more than 7 million people is divided into three ethnic groups: the Hutu (who made up roughly 85% of the population), the Tutsi (14%) and the Twa (1%). Prior to the colonial era, Tutsis generally occupied the higher strata in the social system and the Hutus the lower. However, social mobility was possible, a Hutu who acquired a large number of cattle or other wealth could be assimilated into the Tutsi group and impoverished Tutsi would be regarded as Hutu. A clan system also functioned, with the Tutsi clan known as the Nyinginya being the most powerful. Throughout the 1800s, the Nyingiya expanded their influence by conquest and by offering protection in return for tribute. Ethnic Conflict Begins The former colonial power, Germany, lost possession of Rwanda during the First World War and the territory was then placed under Belgian administration. In the late 1950’s during the great wave of decolonization, tensions increased in Rwanda. The Hutu political movement, which stood to gain from majority rule, was gaining momentum while segments of the Tutsi establishment resisted democratization and the loss of their acquired privileges. In November 1959, a violent incident sparked a Hutu uprising in which hundreds of Tutsi were killed and thousands displaced and forced to flee to neighboring countries. This marked the start of the so- called ‘Hutu Peasant Revolution’ or ‘social revolution’...
Words: 2186 - Pages: 9
...ICTR's Akayesu Verdict SYNOPSIS The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) heard Jean-Paul Akayesu accused of vicious gang rapes and genocide that took the lives of 2,000 Tutsis. The trial court chamber of three judges, two men and one woman, had an unprecedented opportunity to clarify whether rape during internal armed conflict constitutes genocide as well as a crime against humanity. Nongovernmental organizations worked to "engender" the Tribunal while holding accountable the Hutu leaders who orchestrated genocide. The critical 1998 verdict influenced states negotiating improved standards for the prosecution of sexual violence and the creation of a permanent International Criminal Court. "Rape and Genocide in Rwanda" addresses current issues of international law, human rights, women in politics, African Studies, judicial procedure, legal and moral reasoning. RAPE and Genocide IN RWANDA: The ICTR’s Akayesu Verdict CASE OUTLINE I. An Unprecedented Opportunity Glossary and Map II. Prior Responses to Sexual Violence in War A. From “Time Immemorial” to 1948 B. From the 1949 Geneva Conventions to an International Criminal Court III. Genocide In Rwanda A. A Colonial Legacy of Ethnic Division B. Mass Killing, Rape and the 1994 U.N. Withdrawal IV. The U.N. Creates a Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda V. The Trial of Jean-Paul Akayesu Trial Chronology and Key Individuals VI. Issues for Judgment ...
Words: 10828 - Pages: 44
