Table of Content
Abstract 3
Introduction 3
What is the purpose of the article detailed by the author? 3
The conceptual framework of the article 4
How well the authors achieve their purpose? 5
What are the author’s interpretations? 6
Does the author exhibit bias or slant in their treatment of the subject? 7
Does the author agree or disagree with information from the leadership course? 7

Is the information in the article consistent or inconsistent with what you know from your own experience? 8
Conclusion 8
References 10

Abstract
Servant leadership is a type of leadership quality that focuses on the philosophy to serve first. It addresses certain concerns like customer experience, employee engagement and ethical values that brings in a culture where the leader and follower both reach a goal without using authoritative power (Baghurts & Carter, 2013). The article discusses a focus group on eleven employees from a servant leadership restaurant and how it uses different methods to examine positive results influence by customer experience, engagements and loyalty to the workplace.

Introduction
Servant leadership is a management way of life; it tackles the concerns of customer experience, employee engagement and ethics, thus creating an only one of its kind organizational society, where both followers and leaders come together to arrive at organizational objectives without authoritative, or positional power. It is basically leadership through service and it has gained a lot of attention over the years due to its unique approach. This is a philosophy supported by 50% of ‘top100 Best Companies to Work For’. This is because this philosophy does not support leadership based on pursuit of power and self-interest. Employee engagement describes employees who exhibit an enthusiasm for their organization and work, which is portrayed in their dedication and involvement to the success of the organization. This article seeks to explain the impact servant leadership has on restaurant employee by using different qualitative methods of collecting data. These methods included direct observation, interviews and questionnaires. Results were established in a number of servant led restaurants among new and existing employees. The results showed that servant leadership boosts employee engagement in an organization.
What is the purpose of the article detailed by the author?
The purpose of the article according to the author is to explore servant leadership based on the primary perspectives of employees. In order to make the research primary, the author uses different methods of qualitative methods such as interviews, questionnaires, and direct observation. Eleven employees were selected to collect data, which were later analyzed through the van Kaam method that examined employee responses for comparison and assessment. Through the data analysis, the author wished to test several elements regarding servant leadership. These elements included servant leader experience, limited employee attrition, servant leader traits, servant leadership application, and the impact of servant leadership on restaurant employee engagement. In order to achieve the intended purpose of the research, the author used two research questions as guiding principles. The first research question was to examine the experience of servant leadership from a practical experience; how followers, and the impact that their experiences had on others and the overall professional development defined servant leadership. The second research question was to explore the perceptions from employees who have been governed by a person exhibiting the qualities of a servant leadership. The intention of the author was to get first-hand information from the respondents.
The conceptual framework of the article
The conceptual framework according to Bringle (2012) is the application of different tools and contexts in explaining a given argument. In a conceptual framework, the author may be showing the existing evidence and why that evidence is reliable or not reliable in arriving to a conclusion. It involves the organization of the devices in achieving the objectives of an empirical research. This organization of ideas with an intention of achieving the purpose of a research project is referred to as the conceptual framework. In the article, Cater and Baghurst (2013) have employed several techniques for describing the influence of servant leadership on restaurant employee engagement. Firstly, the researchers have set a clear background of servant leadership in general. They later narrow down their scope to specific objectives of the study. They have applied the qualitative method of collecting primary data in order to achieve the objectives of the research. In addition, a critical review of literature has been used to introduce leaders on what they are arguing about. Also, a critique of the literature is evident in their analysis. From the critical review of the literature, the authors have structure specific questions of study that are addressed as per the scope of the project.
How well the authors achieve their purpose?
The authors of this study have achieved their purpose in a convincing manner. Firstly, the authors have argued against the existing literatures showing evidence that what they are pursuing in the article is appropriate. For example, in order to make their research sounding and important to the reader, the authors have shown clear evidence to why servant leadership is important for an organization. For example, a research conducted by Arkin (2009) was used by the authors to show that fifty percent of the top ten companies in the one hundred best companies to work for had implemented servant leadership as a foundational philosophy of their success (p. 453). In addition, the authors have linked servant leadership with employee engagement. Also, employee engagement has been linked with the organization’s success. The author’s quotes the research previously conducted by Ayers (2008), Bryce (2009), Federman (2009), Groppel and Loehr (2004) to critically emphasize that employee engagement is linked to the organizational success.
This research itself is convincing what the authors are researching about is crucial for businesses. The technique of linking several researches with different aspects of the study adds taste to the research; hence, able to convince readers that what is being carried is accurate and rational. Moreover, in their argument, the authors review the issue of servant leadership and how it is linked to the organization. They argue that, even though these researches were conducted, there is no single research that has confirmed how servant leadership influences employee engagement. They argue that more research regarding servant leadership is linked to no-profit and religious organizations where the purpose is to lead and serve p. 454. This method of analyzing the previous research and linking them to the purpose of the study convinces the reader that the author has achieved his/her purpose effectively (Kuther, 2011).

What are the author’s interpretations?
The interpretation of data depends on the method used for collecting data. In addition, the reliability of those data and methods used for the analysis determines the validity of the research. Fir of all, the authors used primary qualitative methods of collecting data. They used questionnaires, interviews and direct observation. The data were collected from an organization known to have existing programs of servant leadership. Respondents were asked various questions, and were required to openly answer them with honesty. Most of the questions featured to capture traits that accompanied servant leadership. The interpretation of the results came from the analysis made and modified through van Kaam method. I think the interpretation of the results achieved by the authors is not convincing enough for the generalization. First of all, the researchers conducted a study on organizations known to practice servant leadership. This means, their aim was not to assess, but to proof the application of the traits of servant leadership. The study took weeks to be completed. The authors used observational method to collect the data, which are included in the analysis. Observational methods of data collection are only viable and accurate when the participants do not know that they are being observed (Fox, 2008). Since the respondents knew that they were being observed, they could disguise their feelings, activities, and behaviors. This quality is enough to disqualify the reliability of the data collected through observation. Also, the interpretations are not inclusive. The authors seem to omit some things that seem necessary for this research. For example, they choose the poor method of analyzing the data (the van Kaam method). The steps followed are not convincing enough because the reader may ask questions such as “why” omit some data? For example, the step second step in the method used was to review the transcripts and remove some non-descript words. The removal of these non-descript words may raise questions whether they could not be important for the analysis. It may also seem that the authors doctored their data and had the intention of what the result should look.
Does the author exhibit bias or slant in their treatment of the subject?
Biasness and validity of data collected depends on the method of collecting and analyzing data. Also, the sample size as compared to the population is critical. The first thing to note is that the author did not utilize their qualitative methods appropriately. For example, they selected an organization that is known to practice servant leadership. The management could manipulate the findings by advising the employees to cover the identity of the organization by responding efficiently to attributes that favors their services and feelings. Also, the authors seem biased especially on the observed information. The respondents knew that they were being observed, and, therefore, could disguise their behaviors (Fox, 2008).
Does the author agree or disagree with information from the leadership course?
The authors have fully utilized the existing literatures regarding servant leadership. They have used the analysis and findings regarding the topic and have linked the leadership with the organizational theories. For example, the organizational success has been linked with employee engagement. This engagement and organizational goals clearly shows the form of administration that exists within organizations. In addition, the authors have argued that leadership skills determine the cultural arrangement of any organization towards achieving the set goals and objectives. Organizational theories study the link between employees, the management, and the success of the organization. According to Northouse, “individuals within an organization who care for each other become committed to developing an organization that cares for the community. Organizations that adopt a servant leadership culture are committed to helping those in need who operate outside of the organization” (p. 233). The theories also link leadership theories with success and employee engagement. The only area where the author disagrees is that, despite the analyses of the servant leadership technique, researchers have failed to link it to employee engagement towards achieving successful goals of the organization.
Is the information in the article consistent or inconsistent with what you know from your own experience? The article is consistent based on fox news (2015), where a Chick-fil-A employee took the opportunity to give a homeless man food inside the restaurant. Instead of escorted the homeless man to leave, the owner had gave him a chicken sandwich and waffle fries. According to Starnes, “Chick-fil-A is definitely not your average fast food restaurant” (2015). I find this true in my own personal experience due to the fact every employee in the restaurant is trained to be a servant leader. For example, as I was eating inside the restaurants, I notice employees will walk around the restaurant asking if there is any condiments or refills that I may need. This shows a great example of servant leadership in a fast food restaurant. Moreover, the culture of Chick-fil-A has created a model where there is an emotional connection with their customers that has created values that are similar to my own in a unique way.
Conclusion
I agree with the arguments of the authors that servant leaderships impacts employees positively thus employee engagement. Servant leadership has brought about a culture of committed employees. It results to working relationships that are strong and personal growth. Servant leaders are able to connect to partners emotionally by serving the needs of those above the leaders. Employee engagement drivers include open communication, flexibility and peer relationships. All this information exists in other literatures and conforms to what the authors found. I only disagree with the methods of collecting and analyzing the data. Alongside, I found the research biases on the facts that the use of observation method when respondents are aware that they are being observed can retard the viability of the information collected. If proper methods of data collection and analysis are improved, I can agree with the findings and analysis of the data.

References

1.) Bringle, R. G. (2012). International Service Learning: Conceptual Frameworks and Research. location : Stylus Publishing.
2.) Danon Carter, T. B. (2014). The Influence of Servant Leadership on Restaurant Employee Engagement. J Bus Ethics , 453–464.
3.) Fox, W. (2008). A Guide to Managing Research. Cape Town: Juta and Company Ltd.
4.) Kuther, T. (2011). The Psychology Major's Handbook. London: Cengage Learning.
5.) Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and Practice (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publication.
6.) Starnes, T. (2015). You won’t believe what Chick-fil-A did for a homeless man. Retrieved February 7, 2015, from http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2015/01/12/wont-believe-what-chick-fil-did-for-homeless-man/