Abstract
This paper will teach different approaches of researching cases, laws and other resources. This process of researching federal agency decisions will give an overview of regulatory powers, decision and the many ways to find them, while displaying concepts of judicial court opinions and their regulations.

Learning by Doing

Virginia State’s Public Record Availability Statute
The State of Virginia Public Records Act was established and passed in 1975. This act allows records and documents accessible to the public, but only within the operation of an agency within the Commonwealth of Virginia. Public records are considered information that is documented and recorded and that gives transaction and/or activity of an employee, agency or public officer of the state. In no regards to the physical and characteristic form, if the transaction is in any connection of public business, it is considered as a public record.
There are only three specific records that are not considered public, which are reference books, materials of exhibition and publications of stocks. “The General Assembly intends by this chapter to establish a single body of law applicable to all public officers and employees on the subject of public records management and preservation and to ensure that the procedures used to manage and preserve public records will be uniform throughout the Commonwealth (1976, c. 746.).”
U.S. Supreme Court holding federal income
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a direct tax on personal income was unconstitutional as a result of the case of Pollock v. Farmers‘ Loan and Trust Company. The lawsuit was triggered in response to the Income Tax Act of 1894, which stated that any direct tax on the income of real and of personal property was void. The Supreme Court noted,
"The Amendment was drawn for the purpose of doing away for the future with the principle upon which the Pollock Case was based Falex. (2013).”

Brushaber hearing made it clear that the prior rulings concerning the income taxes was specified in the 16th Amendment, stating that income taxes are not to be considered "direct" taxes subject to the apportionment requirement. The Supreme Court has recognized all income taxes due to the 16th Amendment, regardless of what type of income and/or property income to be consider outside the category of direct taxes. The 16th Amendment unmistakably states that Congress can impose income taxes regardless of apportionment or of being direct or in-direct taxes. There were 42 ratifying states and 6 non-participatory in the ratifying of the 16th Amendment. The Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution reads:
“The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. (Brushaber v. Union Pac. R. Co., 240 U.S. 1, 1916).”

U.S. Secretary of Transportation
Payment to States for construction, § 121, 23 U.S.C. (2011) gives the statue in which give provisions on how payments are to be distributed. It does states that if there is work in progress, the secretary at the time office, can distribute a payment for construction cost for instate projects. These payments are only given in reference to the material values, that are stockpiled for conformity of construction, but determined by the Secretary if non-vicinity construction site should stockpile at off site locations. The project agreement has given rights to the Secretary to only make payments for projects under covered agreements.
The Endangered Species Preservation
The Endangered Species Preservation Act (ESPA), § 424.11, 50 CFR. (1966), was enacted in 1966 and its purpose to reverse the decline of species in the wild. The Secretary of the interior and the names of those species that was considered threatened with extinction published this Act. This information was published in the Federal Register to acknowledge the legislation of the protection of the habitat.

Virginia Administrative regulations for Real Estate Agents
The Commonwealth of Virginia Real Estate Board (2008) states that, in order for a person to become a licensure, one must first pass a two part examination, which is National and State agencies. DPOR Department of Professional and Occupational Regulations and the Real Estate Board must be contacted to apply for a real estate license. Prior to applying for a license, an agent will have to obtain education requirements, at least 60 post licensing hours of education of approved courses and be at least 18 years of age. Commonwealth of Virginia Real Estate Board (2008) lists the regulations, § 54.1, 2105 USC for the General Powers of Real Estate Board.
Virginia Noise Ordinance
Chesapeake, Virginia Code of Ordinances, Part II Code of Ordinance, Chapter 26 Environment, and Article V. – Noise, gives the declaration of policy as well as the Definition of noise. The state of Chesapeake promotes public safety and an environment free from noise; there for, the public policy gives specifics and meanings, which is in clear context.
“It is declared to be the public policy of the city, in cooperation with federal, state and local governments and regional agencies, to promote an environment for its citizens free from noise that jeopardizes their health or welfare or degrades quality of life. Nothing contained in this article shall be construed to authorize or direct any action which shall result in any substantial increase noise levels from any noise source in the city (City of Chesapeake. 2009).”
Virginia’s court appeals and the power of Eminent Domain
This case in Virginia called for actions, by seeking recovery of reduction of property value due high voltage being placed on the property for public use of the plaintiff by VEPCO. Declaratory for inverse condemnation relief could not be proven; as a result, Article I, Section 11 of the Constitution of Virginia. VEPCO filed demurrers that was identical and supporting briefs stating that there was no condemnation of the property due to no property rights of Byler. In addition, the Plaintiff(s) not stating that the value of the land was deprived of all economic values. Immunity for sovereign could not be waived because the Constitution of Virginia is not functional in this case. Virginia Judicial System (2012) further elaborated to state, “Its proxies in order to subject them to liability as private parties for any damage asserted by a property owner that might conceivably arise from an exercise of eminent domain, but operates as a waiver of immunity from having to pay compensation for the taking or damaging of a property right. Thus, while the circuit court applied the wrong standard in reviewing the pleadings, its judgment sustaining the demurrers was nonetheless correct under the proper standard.”
Federal court trial describing the summary judgment
Fatta v. M & M Properties Management pertained to a new hire that was terminated shortly after filing a worker’s compensation claim (Ghosh, 2012). Fatta was injured while cleaning a room during training; as a result, the supervisor stated that a claim would be filed. The next day, the new trained was given a warning and then was terminated five days later. Fatta did file a claim, which is called a, “Form 18” with the North Caroline Industrial Commission five days following his termination. It was felt by Fatta that the Retaliatory Employment Discrimination Act was violated because he was terminated once the worker’s compensation claim was filed.
The Plaintiff did not show a causal relationship of the termination and the filing of a workers compensation; as a result, the Plaintiff argued he did. He fled that the defendant retaliated against him. The period and the point of termination was not justifiable; nevertheless, due to no proper representation, the Plaintiff lost the case. Fatta failed to show cause to the courts and felt that what he presented was not efficient.
Libel law and Political Campaign advertisements
We can all tell when it is time for candidates to be re-elected in all levels of offices due to the increase of advertisements of elections ads. The election ads that are shown frequently on media channels and airways; nevertheless, the ads are negative and can turn into a mudslinging event. I, myself often wonder how some of these ads can be published. When listening to some of these ads, I often think about defamation; that is, making false statements to ruin the reputation of a person. Candidates can give their personal opinion regardless if it is negative; that is a candidate First Amendment; nevertheless, if a candidate makes a statement as such, it must be backed up with evidence.
With the case of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2008), a documentary focused on Senator Clinton. Citizens United did not make the documentary public, but wanted people to view the documentary on On-Demand by running ads to advertise this. The issue with this documentary that the nonprofit organization made was, statements that was negative concerning Hillary was made and the methods in which to find the ad was being promoted. Citizens of United filed a case against Federal Election Commission to prevent the application of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, due to BCRA setting restrictions on the electioneering communication that was considered a big money campaign (Saper, 2010). There have been limitations on corporations and limits for political agendas.

REFERENCE

City of Chesapeake. (2009). November 24. Code of Ordinances. City of Chesapeake, Virginia. Policy and Definitions, Sec. 26-121. http://library.municode.com/HTML/10529/level4/PTIICOOR_CH26EN_ARTVNO_DI V2PRNOENPRAC.html Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 130 U.S. Ct. 876 (2012).
Code of Federal Regulations. (1999, October 01). Wildlife and fisheries. Factors for listing, delisting, or reclassifying species. Http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-1999-title50- vol2/xml/CFR-1999-title50-vol2-sec424-11.xml
Commonwealth of Virginia Real Estate Board. (2008, April 1). Real estate regulations. DPOR Statues. Title 54.1(21). http://www.dpor.virginia.gov/uploadedFiles/MainSite/Content/Boards/Real_Estate/A49 0-02REGS.pdf
Falex. (2013). Sixteenth Amendment. http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/16th Amendment
General Powers of Real Estate Board, §54.1, 2105 U.S.C. (2008)
Ghosh, N. (2012, May 01). Court of appeals rejects reda claim by pro se plaintiff. The PathLaw Blog: Laws and Lawyers for North Carolina Workers — Posts About Summary Judgment . Retrieved from http://pathlaw.com/tag/summary-judgment/
Library of Virginia. (2008, March). Virginia public records act. Retrieved from http://www.virginia.edu/recordsmanagement/vapract.html
Municode. (2009, November 24). Code of ordinances City of Chesapeake, Virginia. Ord. No. 09-O-129, 11-24-09. http://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=10529
Onecle. (2011, 21 Jul). USC 121 - Payment to States for construction. N.p. Web. 17 Jul 2013. http://law.onecle.com/uscode/23/121.html.
Payment to States for construction, § 121, 23 U.S.C. (2011)
Political Velcraft. (2011, 08 Sep). Politics. Volubrjtor. N.p. http://politicalvelcraft.org/2011/09/08/u-s-supreme-court-struck-down-personal- income-tax-president-kennedy-struck-down-federal-reserve-both-not-enforced/
Saper, L. (2010, February 09). New Saper Law article: Defamation in Political Campaigns. http://saperlaw.com/blog/2010/02/09/new-saper-law-article-defamation-in-political- campaigns/
The Endangered Species Preservation Act 1966, § 424.11, 50 CFR. (1966)
Virginia Judicial System, (2012). Supreme Court of Virginia opinions (112112). Retrieved from website: http://www.courts.state.va.us/scndex.htm
Virginia Privacy Protection Act of 1976 (§ 2.1-377 through 2.1-386)
Virginia Public Records Act of 1976, § 42.1, 76 U.S.C. (1976)