...C Programming Tutorial C PROGRAMMING TUTORIAL Simply Easy Learning by tutorialspoint.com tutorialspoint.com i COPYRIGHT & DISCLAIMER NOTICE All the content and graphics on this tutorial are the property of tutorialspoint.com. Any content from tutorialspoint.com or this tutorial may not be redistributed or reproduced in any way, shape, or form without the written permission of tutorialspoint.com. Failure to do so is a violation of copyright laws. This tutorial may contain inaccuracies or errors and tutorialspoint provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy of the site or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover that the tutorialspoint.com site or this tutorial content contains some errors, please contact us at webmaster@tutorialspoint.com ii T able of Contents C Language Overview .............................................................. 1 Facts about C ............................................................................................... 1 Why to use C ? ............................................................................................. 2 C Programs .................................................................................................. 2 C Environment Setup ............................................................... 3 Text Editor ................................................................................................... 3 The C Compiler ................................................
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...Handout: Problem Solving and 'C' Programming Version: PSC/Handout/1107/1.0 Date: 16-11-07 Cognizant 500 Glen Pointe Center West Teaneck, NJ 07666 Ph: 201-801-0233 www.cognizant.com Problem Solving and C Programming TABLE OF CONTENTS About this Document ....................................................................................................................6 Target Audience ...........................................................................................................................6 Objectives .....................................................................................................................................6 Pre-requisite .................................................................................................................................6 Session 2: Introduction to Problem Solving and Programming Languages ...........................7 Learning Objectives ......................................................................................................................7 Problem Solving Aspect ...............................................................................................................7 Program Development Steps .......................................................................................................8 Introduction to Programming Languages ...................................................................................14 Types and Categories of Programming Languages...
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...CMIS 102 Hands-On Lab Week 1: Overview: This Hands-on lab allows you to experiment with simple sequential print statements using an online C compiler such as ideone.com or codetwist.com Instructions: a. Open up any online C compiler (e.g ideone.com, codetwist.com). b. Be sure the C Language is selected. c. Enter the code below into the editor. (Note: LEO doesn’t let you just copy and paste from this document so you can either download the document and then copy and paste or just go to the Code for HelloWorld link for this week and copy and paste from there.) d. Click the submit, or run button. e. Try the additional learning exercises on the next page. Here is what Hello, World! Looks like using ideone.com after it has successfully run Hello, World C code #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { printf("Hello, World!"); return 0; } Learning Exercises for you to try: 1. Remove the semi-colon (;) at the end of this statement: printf("Hello, World!"); main.c: In function ‘main’: main.c:5:4: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘return’ return 0; ^ 2. What happens if you add another printf statement such as: printf("Goodbye"); after the printf("Hello, World!"); line? Hello, World!Goodbye The Lack of a \n which means new line made the two phrases sit side by side with no spaces in-between. 3. Experiment...
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...C Functions Intended Learning Outcomes • Distinguish the basic concepts of functions • Differentiate built-in function to user-defined function • Differentiate the functions that do not return a value and functions that return a value. • Apply or create function/s to solve problems Function • known with various names like a method or a sub-routine or a procedure, etc. • is a group of statements that together perform a task. Every C program has at least one function, which is main(), and all the most trivial programs can define additional functions. Two types of function • Built-in function – Functions inside the libraries – Stdio.h -> printf() – Math.h -> sqrt() • User-defined function – Functions that are declared and defined by programmers. Functions • You can divide up your code into separate functions. How you divide up your code among different functions is up to you, but logically the division usually is so each function performs a specific task. Advantages of user defined functions 1. Helps to decompose the large program into small segments which makes programmer easy to understand, maintain and debug. 2. If repeated code occurs in a program. Function can be used to include those codes and execute when needed by calling that function. 3. Programmer working on large project can divide the workload by making different functions Advantage Structured Approach Method-oriented Approach Dividing...
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...are so many programming languages, it seems nigh impossible to list all of them. But, of course, there's always the most important or the most popular, and a lot of times the most important/most popular are the same languages, just maybe in a different order. The 1970's seen a quick advancement in computers and their languages due the the creation of the microprocessors. This era's programming history is marked by C, Pascal, Smalltalk, Scheme and Prolog The C programming language is the basis for many others. It's one of the singly most important building blocks of many of the languages used today. C was created in 1971, though it's roots go back to 1954's Fortran. However, it's direct predeccessor was B in 1969. C was created as a compiler to more easily install OS's on computers. It made it possible to the few system-dependent requirements and then use a C compiler to install the new OS. Bell Lab's Ken Thompson was behind the original B, then him and Dennis Ritchie, also of Bell Labs, improved upon it for the NB language. The evolution of NB led naturally to C. Pascal is another language that is the basis of many others, and many of the languages used commonly now have it somewhere in their developmental line. Pascal was named for Frenchman Blaise Pascal, a pioneer mathematician, that had created the first arithmetic machine. That machine could, arguably, be considered the first computer. Niklaus Wirth had written the first version of the Pascal language in 1970 with the...
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...Let Us C Fifth Edition Yashavant P. Kanetkar Dedicated to baba Who couldn’t be here to see this day... About the Author Destiny drew Yashavant Kanetkar towards computers when the IT industry was just making a beginning in India. Having completed his education from VJTI Mumbai and IIT Kanpur in Mechanical Engineering he started his training company in Nagpur. Yashavant has a passion for writing and is an author of several books in C, C++, VC++, C#, .NET, DirectX and COM programming. He is a much sought after speaker on various technology subjects and is a regular columnist for Express Computers and Developer 2.0. His current affiliations include being a Director of KICIT, a training company and DCube Software Technologies, a software development company. In recognition to his contribution Microsoft awarded him the prestigious “Best .NET Technical Contributor” award recently. He can be reached at kanetkar@kicit.com. Preface to the Fifth Edition It is mid 2004. World has left behind the DOTCOM bust, 9/11 tragedy, the economic downturn, etc. and moved on. Countless Indians have relentlessly worked for close to two decades to successfully establish “India” as a software brand. At times I take secret pleasure in seeing that a book that I have been part of, has contributed in its own little way in shaping so many budding careers that have made the “India” brand acceptable. Computing and the way people use C for doing it keeps changing as years go by. So overwhelming...
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...programming and data structuring. 2. C (1972) – Created by Dennis Ritchie to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time support. 3. Prolog (1972) – Created by Alain Colmerauer which has been used for theorem proving, expert systems, as well as its original intended field of use, natural language processing. 4. ML (1973) – Created by Robin Miner which is known for its use of the Hindley–Milner type inference algorithm, which can automatically infer the types of most expressions without requiring explicit type annotations. 5. SQL (1974) – Created by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond S. Boyce which was designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). 1980’s 1. C++ (1983) – Created by Bjarne Stroustrup designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained and large systems, with performance, efficiency and flexibility of use as its design highlights. 2. Ada (1980) – Created by Jean Ichbiah designed to improve the safety and maintainability by leveraging the compiler to find compile-time errors in favor of runtime errors. 3. Objective-C (1983) – Created by Brad Cox and Tom Love designed as a general-purpose, object-oriented programming language that adds Smalltalk-style messaging to the C programming language. 4. Perl...
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...Chapter 5: Retrieving Data for Computation, Analysis, and Reference TRUE/FALSE 1. A data list that categorizes values you want to retrieve is called a linkup table. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 291 2. A vertical lookup table is a lookup table in which the data to be searched is organized in columns. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 294 3. When you write a VLOOKUP formula, you indicate the value you want to look up in a table. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 294 4. If a lookup_value is smaller than the smallest value in the first column of table_array, VLOOKUP opens up the Lookup Wizard. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 297 5. When using a VLOOKUP function it’s not always obvious when a returned value is incorrect. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 298 6. When you use a lookup type of TRUE, the VLOOKUP function looks only for an exact match of the lookup value. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 299 7. Headings at the top of each column should be included as part of the lookup_range in the VLOOKUP formula. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 301 8. When creating a vertical lookup table with the TRUE type, be certain to start with the lowest possible value, such as 0, so that the table covers all the possible data. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 301 9. The syntax of the HLOOKUP function is as follows: HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,row_index_num,range_lookup) ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 303 10. The rules for an HLOOKUP function with a TRUE lookup type test the values down the first column. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 304 11. A...
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...Five advantages: 1. C++ is well-suited for large projects because it has an object-oriented structure. People can collaborate on one program by breaking it up into parts and having a small group or even one individual work on each part. The object-oriented structure also allows code to be reused a lot, which can cut down development time. C++ is also a fairly efficient language - although many C programmers will disagree. 2. C is a popular language, especially in game programming, because it doesn't have the extra packaging of the object-oriented C++. Programmers use C because it makes programs slightly faster and smaller than programs written in C++. You might wonder, however, whether it's worth giving up the reusability of C++ to get the small increase in performance with C, especially when C++ can, where necessary, be written in a C programming style. 3. Pascal is primarily a teaching language. Few industrial programs are written in Pascal. Pascal tends to use keywords instead of C-style braces and symbols, so it is a bit easier for beginners to understand than languages like C++. Still, not everyone thinks Pascal is just for the schools. Borland, the huge compiler software company, has been pushing Delphi as an industrial strength programming language. Delphi is an object-oriented version of Pascal, and currently, only Borland compilers use it. 4. Java is a multi-platform language that is especially useful in networking. Of course, the most famous usage of Java is on...
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...Five popular programming languages in the following decades: 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. 1970s * 1970 - Pascal: Developed by Niklaus Wirth. Efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring. * 1972 - C: Developed by Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson at Bell Labs. It was designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time support. * 1972 - Smalltalk: Developed by Learning Research Group (LRG) of Xerox PARC by Alan Kay, Dan Ingalls, Adele Goldberg, Ted Kaehler, Scott Wallace, and others. It was designed and created in part for educational use, more so for constructionist learning * 1972 - Prolog: Developed by Colmerauer, Roussel, and Kowalski.Was the first logic programming language. * 1973 - ML: Developed by Robin Milner. Built a polymorphic type system on top of Lisp, pioneering statically typed functional programming languages. 1980s * 1980 - C++ : Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup. The idea of creating a new language originated from Stroustrup's experience in programming for his Ph.D. thesis. It is an efficient compiler to native code, its application domains include systems software, application software, device drivers, embedded software, high-performance server and client applications * 1983 - Ada : Developed...
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...field ultimately come down to programming the computer to do a specific function or task. If you don’t have the basic skills of programming concepts you will be lost when it comes to trouble shooting any problems. As an It professional you will come across many circumstances that will require you to have programming fundamentals to do the job required at the time. Having knowledge in the JAVA language is beneficial to the IT professional. Java is probably the most used programming language out in the market today and you need to have some understanding to maintain the ability to compete in the IT world. As an IT professional and being a non-programmer you need to have some knowledge of how to write and read a program. Learning the fundamentals of programming will help you understand...
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...PHP Tutorial - Learn PHP If you want to learn the basics of PHP, then you've come to the right place. The goal of this tutorial is to teach you the basics of PHP so that you can: • • • Customize PHP scripts that you download, so that they better fit your needs. Begin to understand the working model of PHP, so you may begin to design your own PHP projects. Give you a solid base in PHP, so as to make you more valuable in the eyes of future employers. PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Preprocessor. PHP - What is it? Taken directly from PHP's home, PHP.net, "PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. Much of its syntax is borrowed from C, Java and Perl with a couple of unique PHP-specific features thrown in. The goal of the language is to allow web developers to write dynamically generated pages quickly." This is generally a good definition of PHP. However, it does contain a lot of terms you may not be used to. Another way to think of PHP is a powerful, behind the scenes scripting language that your visitors won't see! When someone visits your PHP webpage, your web server processes the PHP code. It then sees which parts it needs to show to visitors(content and pictures) and hides the other stuff(file operations, math calculations, etc.) then translates your PHP into HTML. After the translation into HTML, it sends the webpage to your visitor's web browser. PHP - What's it do? It is also helpful to think of PHP in terms of what it can do for you. PHP will allow you to: ...
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...http://jozefg.ecs.fullerton.edu/public/CS906/Assignment/ |Ass # |Text Chapter |ASSIGNMENT CPSC 906 FALL 2004 |Due |Max Points | | | |Section 1 | | | | | |Note: Please provide the program assignment documentation according to | | | | | |SyllabusCS901.doc and Project Submittals.doc. | | | |1 |Ch1 |Problems: 26 p.69. Unit conversion. |09-09 |2 | | |Ch2 |Problems: 4 p.153. Stacks separated | | | |2 |Ch2 - 3 |See the exercise assignment description below |09-21 |3 | | | | |Tue | | |3 |Ch2 |Problem: 39 p.156 - provide a Gantt chart for each case and calculate AWT,| 09-30 |3 | | | |ATT and ART. Problems 44. |Thu | | | | |Provide the solution in the PowerPoint slides...
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...ITCS 1212L PreLab 5 Rational and equality operators, logical operators, conditional operators, conditional structures, selective structures, typecasting, and working with debuggers. Learning Objectives: ● Practice more with if-else-if and switch statements. ● Understand the concept of scope ● Understand the difference between static, local and global variables ● Practice with functions that can return more than a value and whose parameters’ scopes are not local to the function ● Input validation These pre-labs are directly related to the lab activities. You don’t need to complete the program. What you need to do is to work on the logic and perhaps some key parts of each program and then complete them in the lab. Assigned: Date of your lab 4 Due: the night before lab 5 Questions Prelab activity for Lab 5A: Find the difference between two types of returning values. Implement the following function prototypes (which take hours of work as integer and the rate of pay as float and calculates the net-payment as float) on paper. Also, write a main function which calls both functions. Compare the calculated net values and show the proper message whether or not they match. Name your variables as hours, rate, and netPay. float calNetPay(int, float); void calNetPay2(float&, int, float); Also, answer the following questions: What does the operator & do? Create a table and put all of the variables of the program inside the first column. The second column...
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...Steve Ingwer ET2560 Phil Keck Friday Evenings WHY C IS STILL USED The main thing that my research has uncovered is the performance and reliability Of C programming. Many have also spoken of the ease of use that C provides, Which as of yet I have not found to be true but I am still learning and these people were all experienced users. They have also brought to point the great insight into programming that C offers and the ability it affords you to learn another language. ( A computer language) C also gives the user a feeling of empowerment and control being that close to the “Bare Metal” of the programming process. Many programs written today are C derivitives such as Java ( considered a cousin to C). C is still widely used and can be used in standalone executables. It also compiles for every platform and every processor architecture. A major reason why C is still in use is the fact that they keep extending and rewriting C so it stays fresh and up to date. There is also a lot of existing software that is C and C++ and converting it to another programming method would be costly and take a great effort. C also starts from scratch and has foundational concepts that today’s concepts stand on. Major parts of Windows, Unix and Linux are still written in C. In order to understand some of today’s other computer languages, Such as the afore mentioned cousin to C, Java, one must first learn C in order to learn the other languages more easily. Many of today’s Device...
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