...The environments that businesses operate within today are increasingly complex, dynamic and uncertain (Cooksey, 2003, p. 204). Learning to adapt to, and benefit from, changes and unpredictability in the environment is essential to an organisation’s success. However with this environment as the context for organisational learning, difficulties with traditional linear organisational learning becomes clear (Cooksey, 2003, p. 205). Systems thinking provides a way to understand the internal and external relationships within the organisation and the way that these can influence the organisation. In addition to building a more complete understanding of how organisation’s function, systems thinking brings together the elements that an organisation requires in order for it to be a learning organisation. These include personal mastery, team learning, building shared vision, effective leadership and learning processes and practices. In order to make sense of the complex tasks and problems that occur within organisational environments, we break them down into smaller tasks and problems which, although it makes them more manageable, leaves us with a disjointed view and we lose sight and our connection with the ‘whole’ (Senge, 2006, p. 3). Cooksey (2003, p. 206) notes that in the short term this search for simple, generalised solutions to problems within the business environment may provide favourable results, in the longer term it will often fail. The reason it fails is that the solution...
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...concept learning organisation has gained much prominence in the last few decades. It seems organizations are recognizing the importance of organisational learning as a whole rather than few individuals within the organisation that have expertise. Organisational learning not only improves the knowledge of employees, but skills and behaviours as well. Although it takes time; effort by management; and financial means the benefits and opportunities created by a learning organisation far outweighs its limitations. In order to assess the progress of Standard Bank in becoming learning organisation, the following will be covered in my essay. Firstly I will define the concept learning organisation; secondly I will address the characteristics of a learning organisation; thirdly I will identify the progress of Standard Bank in becoming a learning organisation with regards to the characteristics; furthermore I will identify barriers to organisational learning at Standard Bank; and lastly I will provide recommendations of Standard Bank’s efforts in becoming a learning organisation. 2.1 Learning organisation defined According to Senge (1990:3) learning organisations are “organisations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together.” According to Garvin (1993:82) “a learning organization...
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...Learning Organisations Moving towards a learning organization is something done BY people, not something done TO people or FOR people by someone else. So, the role of HR has to be in encouraging, facilitating, and supporting a move towards learning organizations. HR can never accomplish this themselves. Then, if executives want to move towards a learning organization, they should direct their operating units to do so, and direct HR to move into a supportive role. If it's the other way around, where HR gets the responsibility, it never works. Knowledge management (KM) "any practice or process of creating, acquiring, capturing, sharing and using knowledge, wherever it resides, to enhance learning and performance in organisations (Scarborough 1999). Knowledge management involves converting knowledge sources by classifying related information then circulating to make the information to take place. Not all information is knowledge or all knowledge is important. According to Blackler (1995), "knowledge is multifaceted and complex, implicit and explicit, physical and mental, verbal and encoded". He also categorises knowledge in four as: embedded (technological - collective), enculturel (Values, beliefs - collective), embodied (practical knowledge - individual), and embraced (theoretical understanding - individual). Contrast on Blackler, Nonaka (1991) proposes that knowledge could be either individual or collective, cannot be both. Yet another argument comes from Scarborough and Carter...
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...1 Introduction: This Report has been compiled to determine how adopting a ‘learning organisation’ model would help to assist QPC in overcoming the problems they have concerning staffing and culture within their company. QPC is an international accountancy and consultancy partnership which offers professional services in corporate finance, taxation, accountancy and management. This case study looks at the combination of problems which QPC faces due to the companies ‘traditional’ way of operating. 1.1 The Aims & Objectives of this assignment are: To Identify the problems concerning staffing and culture within the company To assess how would adopting a learning organisation model assist QPC in overcoming these problems To assess how QPC would approach implementing the introduction of a learning organisation into its company To identify what barriers might QPC encounter while trying to implement a learning organisation. Learning Organisations are ‘organisations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to see the whole together’. (Smith, 2001) Learning Organisations develop as a result of the pressure facing modern organisations and enables them to remain competitive in the business environment. In doing this I may encounter barriers on how to explain the five disciplines and...
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...The Learning Organization The article selected was Managing Change Successfully by Eileen O. Brownell, President, Training Solutions. The article addresses the need to adapt to change, not only in the business world but also in one’s personal life. The world is full of change and will continue through time, requiring constant flexibility, adaptability, creativity, and optimum customer service (Brownell, 2000). Businesses need to identify with the changes and make plans for the future of the business around the change. To successfully manage change, employers must focus on the following ten steps to manage change within the organization to ensure success recommended by the author. According to Brownell, 2000. 1) View change as an opportunity, not a threat 2) Treat the staff like a customer 3) Involve associates in the decision-making process 4) Repeat, repeat, repeat - meaning say it once, say it twice, and say it again 5) Validate the feelings of employees 6) Anticipate tomorrow 7) Let go of the past 8) Customer service 9) Training associates 10) Set an example (Brownell, 2000). All ten steps are imperative and must be managed from all levels in the organization, from senior management to low level associates. Each step focuses on important aspects that the employer must recognize. For example, step one is to view changes as an opportunity, not a threat. Individuals have a tendency to be defensive when change occurs;...
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...Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 2012, 28(4), 580-598 Empirical validation of the importance of employees’ learning motivation for workplace e-learning in Taiwanese organisations Hsiu-Ju Chen and Chia-Hung Kao I-Shou University, Taiwan E-learning systems, adopted by organisations for employee training to enhance employees’ performance, are characterised by self-directed, autonomous learning. Learning motivation is then of importance in the design of e-learning practices in workplace. However, empirical study of the alignment of e-learning with individual learning needs and organisational goals is an area with limited research. This study intends to clarify the importance of learning motivation in employees’ e-learning systems use behaviour, based on the information systems success model. Data from one hundred and eighty-five employees who used e-learning systems in their work environment were gathered in Taiwan and analysed with PLS. Results showed that employees’ learning motivation, reflecting their learning needs and strengths, influenced perceived usefulness and satisfaction with e-learning, and their use of the systems, which enhanced their task performance. The results validated the importance of employees’ learning motivation and the need for alignment of employees’ learning needs and organisational goals in e-learning training. The clarification can help facilitate an organisation’s human capital management, and contributes to further advancement of...
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...Does my integrated service demonstrate any of the principles of a learning organisation? Chapter 1: Introduction The aim of the study is to discover if the integrated service I work for demonstrates the principles, if any, of a learning organisation. I will begin this with a literature review and identify those key elements, which many key thinkers and contributors have written about, that distinguish a learning organisation. The literature review will also help me understand and develop my knowledge on what a learning organisation is, as at this point I have very little understanding of the concept of what a learning organisation is or consists of. I will seek to find out what the characteristics and principles are of a learning organisation and assess through my own thought process and reflection whether I feel the concept of a learning organisation is viable and can be implemented in my place of work. Furthermore, during this study I will collate my evidence in terms to inform my research by asking colleagues I work with to complete a questionnaire relevant to the principles and characteristics of a learning organisation. I will assess and critically analyse this feedback and provide valid evidence to identify whether individuals feel the work in learning culture based on the principles and characteristics discovered in the literature review. Finally, I will reflect and conclude my findings based on both the literature review and method of research and assess how this...
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...To evaluate this statement we first need to define what the mechanistic and learning approach is. Then define exactly what organisational learning is and what impact the characteristics of the mechanistic approach will have on it. The two approaches involve theories and models about the adaptability and the learning skills of organizations. Bureaucracies clearly lack these characteristics in comparison to other approaches. The mechanistic approach operates the organisation in the same way a machine operates - efficient, specialised, reliable, predictable, logical and with no opinions (has no heart). The model which refers to this approach would be the Taylor model (Taylorism - 21st century scientific management). Frederick Winslow Taylor was a mechanical engineer who strived to improve industrial efficiency. He was a pioneer in the field of scientific management. The Taylor model consists of 4 components. 'Division of labour' where responsibility is shifted from worker to manager. 'One best way' where the scientific methods determine the most efficient way to operate. 'Scientific selection and training' which means the best person is selected depending on experience and qualifications. They are trained to work as efficiently as possible. Finally, 'monitor performance' where operations and performance is observed and monitored through an organisational hierarchy and through supervision. This basic concept further developed into Fordism and finally into TQM. The...
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...M´moire de stage de recherche e Vision et Audition Etude des processus cognitifs de reconnaissance et de diff´renciation e dans les domaines visuel et sonore Nicolas Esposito nik@niksnews.com www.niksnews.com ` Universit´ de Technologie de Compiegne e — Printemps 1998 Parce que chacune des douze notes a une position, un titre, une fonction propre, l’œuvre que nous entendons est plus qu’une simple masse sonore : elle d´veloppe devant nous une action. e (Milan Kundera, [13], p. 272) Ce m´moire a ´t´ r´alis´ a l’UTC1 dans le cadre du mineur PHITECO2 e ee e e` pour l’obtention de l’unit´ de valeur SC023 suite au s´minaire JIOSC 974 . e e Il est aussi disponible en version ´lectronique ` l’adresse suivante : e a www.niksnews.com/sc02/ Je tiens a remercier cordialement Bruno BACHIMONT, Charles LENAY, ` Fran¸ois SEBBAH et V´ronique HAVELANGE pour leurs pr´cieux enseignements. c e e ´ Je remercie ´galement Renaud SIRDEY, Andr´ GOASDOUE et Nicolas SALZMANN e e pour l’aide qu’ils m’ont apport´e, et toutes les personnes qui ont eu la e gentillesse de r´pondre ` mon enquˆte. e a e 1 Universit´ de Technologique de Compi`gne e e PHIlosophie, TEchnologie, COgnition 3 Stage de recherche 4 Journ´es Interdisciplinaires d’Orsay sur les Sciences Cognitives e 2 R´sum´ e e Le monde visuel et le monde sonore peuvent chacun ˆtre ´tudi´s en tant e e e que signal avec les mˆmes outils math´matiques5 (s´ries de Fourier...
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...Was hat Ihnen am Werk /an den Werken des von Ihnen gewählten Dramatikers / Dichters besonders gut gefallen? Aus welchen Gründen? Ich habe viele Filme gesehen, die von Tom Tykwer inszeniert wurden. Sie sind nicht die Art Filme, die ich normalerweise mag, aber sie gefallen mir. Sie haben sehr interessante Charaktere und Tykwer nutzt viele Techniken. Mein Lieblingsfilm ist „der Krieger und die Kaiserin“ und der seltsamste Film, den ich gesehen habe, ist „die tödliche Maria“. Normalerweise mag ich Filme, die dem typischen Erfolgskonzept eines Hollywoodfilms folgen. Ich würde sagen, dass Tom Tykwer Filme nicht zu dieser Kategorie gehören. Stattdessen haben sie sehr interessante Geschichten und komplizierte Charaktere, aber sie haben meisten glückliches Ende, aber die Reise dahin ist bizarr und schwierig. Ich war überrascht, wie viel ich sie genossen habe. Die Charaktere, die er geschaffen hat, sind Leute, die am Rande der Gesellschaft leben. In „der Krieger und die Kaiserin“ ist die Heldin Sissi. Sie wird in einem psychiatrischen Austalt geboren. Ihre Mutter war eine Krankenschwester und ihr Vater ist ein Insasse. Sie ist in dem Irrenhaus aufgewachsen. Deshalb ist es alles, das sie kennt. Sie wird auch eine Krankenschwester und wir sehen Sissi, wie sie weit über ihre Pflichten hinausgeht, als sie einen Insasse sexuell begriedigt. Maria in „die tödliche Maria“ hat eine ebenso merkwürdige Kindheit. Ihre Mutter ist gestorben, als Maria geboren wurde. Ihr Vater hat einen Herzinfarkt...
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...BONJOUR TRISTESSE – Une Version Le roman ‘Bonjour Tristesse’, écrit par Françoise Sagan quand elle était elle-même adolescente, a lieu pendant les années cinquante. L’action de l’histoire se déroule dans le sud de la France à la côte méditerrannéenne, en été, quand il fait vraiment chaud tous les jours. En fait la chaleur joue un rôle important dans l’histoire, d’une part érotique quand les personnages s’abandonnent aux plaisirs de l’amour, et d’autre part pour peut-être expliquer la lassitude qui sert d’excuse pour des pensées déraisonnables et des actions égoïstes. En général il s’agit de cinq personnages. Cécile, la narratrice, a dix-sept ans. Elle est fille unique de son père, qui s’appelle Raymond et qui est veuf. Cécile a passé sa jeunesse dans un couvent et à l’âge de quinze ans elle est allée à Paris avec son père afin de goûter la vie, puisque Raymond aime vivre, a plusieurs maîtresses et, en fin de compte, est libertin et homme de femmes. On va passer des grandes vacances près de Cannes dans une villa, que son père avait louée pour quelques mois, avec une de ses maîtresses, qui s’appelle Elsa. Mais cette situation idéale et insouciante est bouleversée quand une ancienne amie de son père, qui s’appelle Anne, arrive. Anne est une femme de classe, une dame plus âgée, respectable et intelligente. Sa confiance et froideur déconcertante attire la jeune Cécile qui, comme adolescent typique, est toujours à la recherche d’un sens d’identité et de comprendre qui...
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...Mémoire à la Commission Bouchard-Taylor Guy Durand septembre 2007 Identité québécoise et accommodements raisonnables RÉSUMÉ (2 pages) L'histoire, la culture et l'identité du Québec sont marquées, non seulement par la langue française, mais aussi par la tradition et la culture chrétiennes. Le respect et la promotion de cette identité remet en cause la pratique actuelle des "accommodements raisonnables". Cette thèse repose sur l'analyse de trois notions: la laïcité, l'intégration citoyenne et les droits de la personne. I - La culture et l'identité du Québec La notion de culture et d'identité Au sens social, par opposition à la culture personnelle (humaniste ou/et scientifique), la culture est cet ensemble de valeurs, de normes, de symboles, d'institutions et d'artéfacts qui caractérisent un groupe ou un peuple. Elle comprend donc de multiples aspects qu'il est opportun de détailler: langue, institutions, valeurs, paysage architectural, paysage artistique, toponymie, rythme du temps. La culture chrétienne Au Québec, cette culture et cette identité ont été forgées et restent largement marquées par la tradition judéo-chrétienne. Le fait est indéniable, en dépit des critiques que l'on peut faire à l'Église catholique. Les valeurs chrétiennes (ou les valeurs développées par le christianisme) sont devenues les valeurs communes dont on a oublié l'origine. C'est dire que tous les aspects de la culture, signalés précédemment, en portent la marque. L'ouverture au monde n'amoindrit...
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...Erläuterungen zum Perspektivenschema der kritisch-konstruktiven Didaktik nach Wolfgang Klafki 1. Aspekte der Planung und Gestaltung von Unterricht 1. Voraussetzungen eines Konzepts von Unterricht Als allgemeine Voraussetzungen eines Unterrichtskonzepts gelten hierbei ( Klafki 1987 ) ➢ Die generelle Zielbestimmung des Unterrichts ist, Hilfe zu geben bei der Ent-wicklung von Selbstbestimmungs- und Solidaritätsfähigkeit. Hierzu zählen auch die rationale Diskursfähigkeit ( = Fähigkeit zur Begründung und Reflexion ) sowie die entwickelte Rationalität und die Handlungsfähigkeit. ➢ Der Zusammenhang von Lehren und Lernen wird als Interaktionsprozess verstanden, in dem Lernende mit Unterstützung von Lehrenden zunehmend selbstständig werden in der Aneignung und Verarbeitung von Kenntnissen und hierbei auch die Fähigkeit zu weiterem Lernen gewinnen. ➢ Unterrichtliches Lernen muss in seinem Kern entdeckendes, sinnhaftes und ver- stehendes Lernen sein, dem die reproduktive Übernahme und das Üben sowie Trainieren nachgeordnet sind. ➢ Lehren muss als Vollzug für den Lernenden und mit ihm gerechtfertigt und geplant werden, d.h. Mitplanung und Mitgestaltung des Unterrichts durch Schüler ( offener und schülerorientierter Unterricht ). ➢ Unterricht ist ein sozialer Prozess, in den Biografien von Lehrern und Schülern einfließen. Soziales Lernen steht im Mittelpunkt und sollte funktional und intentional...
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...1. Was sind die Herausforderungen des Managements von L’Oréal? L’Oréal wurde 1907 gegründet und ist eine der größten Kosmetik- und Beauty-Unternehmen weltweit. Das Unternehmen verkauft mehr als 500 unterschiedliche Marken. Außerdem hat das Unternehmen fünf Forschungs-und Entwicklungszentren, welche von Frankreich bis über die USA, Japan und China verbreitet sind. Eine Herausforderung dabei an die Managementabteilung ist es, diese fünf Zentren miteinander zu verknüpfen. Alle sollten auf einer gemeinsamen Plattform fungieren und Zugriff auf die aktuellsten Informationen haben. Das ist eine schwierige Aufgabe für das Managementteam, denn die Informationen die sie bekommen sollen zudem in wertvolle Daten übersetzt werden. Das Intranet für diesen Bereich muss tausende von Forschern in den oben genannten Gebieten unterstützen. Das Intranet ist erforderlich um professionelle Anwendungen sowie Datenbanken zu Themen wie Biologie, Patente, Haarfarbe und Laborsicherheit zu schützen. In einem so großen Netzwerk, fällt es den Teams schwer, miteinander zu kommunizieren. Es besteht die Möglichkeit, dass Teammitglieder das Interesse an gewerblichen Tätigkeiten verlieren, weil eben viel Energie und Aufwand in die Kommunikation investiert wird. Um diese Hürde zu überwinden und diese Herausforderung erfolgreich zu meistern, entschied sich L’Oréal den Share Point Portal Server zu verwenden. Weitere Herausforderungen für die Managementabteilung: • Eine globale Wissensmanagementplattform...
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...Compare, Contrast and Discuss Mechanistic vs. Organic Structures Vance Conyers Organizational Theory 360A 28 September 2012 Organization structure is “The formal system of task and authority relationships that control how people coordinate their actions and use resources to achieve goals”. (Jones 8) The structure that an organization forms can determine its ultimate success of failure. It sets the foundation for how the organization will function, make decisions, and respond to change. The two types of structures an organization can use are mechanic and organic. Mechanistic and organic structures both have advantages and disadvantages, and neither one is a perfect solution. Depending on the product, tasks to create the product, and people to create the product, make the decision very challenging. In most cases, elements of both types are implemented to ensure a successful business. The executive management is responsible for formulating the right mix in order to achieve success. They use organizational design to process information to select the best options. Every aspect of this decision will play out from how much power middle managers have, to the scope of responsibility direct supervisors encompass. The type of organization directly affects the culture and moral of employees. Implementation of the wrong type or mix of structure can cause mismanagement of resources (both human and physical), a toxic culture, and ultimately a failed institution. The mechanistic structure...
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