...Learning Personality Theories Learning Team C PSY/405 Theories of Personality January 23, 2012 Professor XXXXX Learning Personality Theories Personalities develop and learn from observing others, society, experiences, and the environment. Different theories have been created to explain how a person learns and develops. Three learning personality theories discussed here are the behavioral analysis theory, the social cognitive theory, and the cognitive social learning theory. The strengths and limitations of the three theories will be analyzed that will provide small, but noticeable edges on the other. A description of how each theory affects personality will be discussed. In closing, an explanation of how each learning theory proposes interpersonal relationships are influenced will be examined. Strengths and Limitations Behavioral Analysis Theory An advantage of the behavioral analysis theory is that it is based on observable evidence. This theory contains important concepts such as reinforcement, used as effective therapies to treat undesirable behaviors. Although proven to be an effective therapeutic theory it has many weaknesses. It does not account for learning that does not involve negative or positive reinforcement, nor does it explain adaptive behavior. Proponents of this theory also argue that this approach is too deterministic and cannot be accurate, as it does not account for free will or emotion (Feist & Feist, 2009). Social Cognitive Theory Much...
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...Learning Theories of Personalities Kristie Tripaldi, Tandy Noonan, Charlie Fritz, Jodie Bowes, and Velinda Chandler PSY/405 March 5, 2012 Angela Snelling Learning Theories of Personalities As individual’s study human behavior, he or she notices that there several theories with plenty of philosophers and psychologists to give his or her own personal observations. However, there are several limitations and strengths of learning theories. The three main theorist of the social learning theory are Albert Bandura, B.F. Skinner, and Julian Rotter. Each of these theorists describes how learning theories affect an individual’s personality. Bandura and Skinner’s theories both explain how an individual learns from his or her environment. Bandura’s social learning theory also explains an individual’s reaction to what he or she observes. Rotter’s theory provides reasoning in environment and personal factors that influences an individual’s behavior. Strengths of Learning Theories Behavior analysis can examine the results of behavior through the calculated experiments of individual, social, and cultural context application (Cherry, 2012). Pavlov’s dog is a very famous experiment of behavioral analysis that proves this theories strength. In anticipation of receiving a meal, the dog would start to salivate. Soon, the dog associated food with the white lab...
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...Learning Personality Theories Bob Smith PSY405 The learning theories in psychology give us the insight into how we learn and how we interact with other people. Our personalities are what people see us as. They make a determination of our personality based on how we act towards others. We all learn in different ways and this is what makes us unique in our ability to do so. We have different learning styles and they show us what type of personality we carry as well. Our interpersonal relationships are also very important. They are impacted by the way we interact with others. If we tend to stay away from people, then our relationships suffer or we may have none. The whole idea here is to see how the learning theories help us figure out what kind of personality we have and the ability to connect with others. Individual personalities are affected by learning theories and many other factors. It was explained by Skinner that psychology must avoid internal mental factors and confine itself to observable physical events (Feist, & Feist, 2009). Theories are invested and developed through the outside world and our environment. We take in information through observing the things in the world around us. People tend to pick these behaviors up from parents, family members, friends, caregivers and media outlets. These behaviors shape the human mind and alter the individual’s personality. As children we learn a lot by observing our parents and adults closest to us. One of the many examples...
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...Learning Personality Theories The world is full of human beings of different cultures. Individual personalities evolve from the environmental observation of others. Cultural differences are the core factors to personality and human interaction in the environment (Piekkola, 2011). Personalities can change as behaviors are modified, and certain personality traits, while uniquely formed to each individual, have common roots within specific cultural backgrounds. Cultural backgrounds stem from common grounds of beliefs and personalities that form from those environments but differ depending on geographic location. However, traits that evolve from constitution and temperament have minimal effects of changes in the environment; consequently, socially adapted traits may improve, alter, or even dissipative (Piekkola, 2011). Common personality traits that are culturally learned might remain stable over time depending on the cultural patterns that have worked to produce them. Personality traits may still change to conform to environmental exposure. Through various social contingencies, personalities may encounter various changes in order to adapt and live in the world today (Piekkola, 2011). Individuals learn from an interaction between the self, others, and the environment and any changes that occur within the personality function as an adaptive coping mechanism within these specific interactions. In this conversation, the authors will discuss the various learning and behaviorally...
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...Personality Analysis: Dispositional and Learning Theories PSY/405 August 30, 2012 Instructor Stacy Page Personality Analysis: Dispositional and Learning Theories The revision and analysis of personalities provides a restored knowledge for human behaviors and the progression in which individuals understand. Theorists had endeavored for a long time realizing further theoretical methodology. Gordon Allport researched the personalities of people for the reason that that methodology provide further meaning or characterization to individual distinctiveness and give emphasis to the distinctiveness of the person (Feist & Feist, 2009). Depicting a person with universal personality merely categorize individuals as a crowd or group. Nevertheless, Allport alleged to exactly distinguish an individual is through the means of being familiar with the individuals as personal. Individuality shows each individual be distinct and unique, no one person is alike in a way; for the reason that individuals have distinctive personalities and the capabilities to understand is atypical as well. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory observed the behavior in which individuals understand. Observational learning tolerates individuals to find out lacking actions or responsibilities (Feist & Feist, 2009). Principally people do find out through own encounters although learn as well from looking at different job and achievements of other people. Generally ...
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...Personality Analysis: Dispositional and Learning Theories Your Name Here PSY/405 Date Here Instructors Name Here Personality Analysis: Dispositional and Learning Theories Historically, behavioral scientists longed for a method by which they could gain a better understanding of the progression of human behavioral development. A group of such scientists believed that neglecting the study of the individual and focusing only on groups and behavioral generalities did a disservice to the individuality of every person (Feist & Feist, 2009). Gordon Allport was at the forefront of these scientists and emphasized the uniqueness of the individual (Feist & Feist, 2009). Allport and his dispositional theory, believed that people may display like characteristics, stubbornness, for example, but that two individuals displaying stubbornness are displaying differences of the same trait since, in the end, no two people are alike (Feist & Feist, 2009), and believed that using a person’s personal writings – letters, journals, or diaries – could provide a unique view of such individual uniqueness (Barenbaum, 1997). Individuality means just that – that each person is unique, distinctive, and unlike any other. Personalities are distinctive, belief systems are individual, and thought process unique. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory observed we are each singular moral agents, capable of influencing our lives within the constructs of social mechanisms (Bandura, 2001)...
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...Personality: Theories Chapter: Personality Theories 429 Personality: Theories What Is "Personality"? Psychologists' Usage of Personality Elements of Personality Techniques of Study Theories of Personality Trait Theories Psychoanalytic Theory Central elements of Psychoanalysis Psychoanalytic Personality Structure Instincts in Psychoanalysis Other Psychodynamic Theorists (Social-) Learning Theories Dollard/Miller's Stimulus-Response Theory B. F. Skinner and Personality as Behavior Bandura and Social Learning Self-Growth Theories Carl Rogers and Person-Centered Theory Maslow's Holistic Theory A Modern Theory of Personality: Big Five USING PSYCHOLOGY: What Determines Your Personality -Heredity? Environment? USING PSYCHOLOGY: What Determines Your Personality -Heredity and Environment REVIEW ACTIVITIES INTERESTED IN MORE? Personality: Theories WHAT'S THE ANSWER? "I'm really jealous of my sister. Here I am about to graduate, and I only made it into the Student Association this year. Sis's a freshman -- a frosh -- and she's already been elected." "Wilma, I know what you mean. My older brother was the same way. You know what your sister and my brother have in common? They've both got a lot of personality. Your sister kind of just radiates charm -- even for a first-year student! And Kirk's the same way: Everywhere he goes, people smile with him. He gushes at the right time, gets serious when he needs to, and always has a good word for everybody. He's just got a PSYCHOLOGY: ...
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...INTRODUCTION: A belief in learning styles is not necessary to incorporating useful knowledge about learning into one's teaching. Within the assignment there will be a discussion of the reasons why learning styles beliefs are so prevalent. Secondary resources were used to gather the information. A secondary source interprets and analyzes primary sources. Secondary sources may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them. Some types of secondary sources include: • PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, internet articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries and encyclopaedias (Wilde, R. 2008). LITERATURE OVERVIEW ON LEARNING: The David A. Kolb styles model is based on the Experiential Learning Theory (ELT), as explained in his book Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development (Kolb, D.A. 1984). The ELT model outlines four approaches: Concrete Experience and Abstract Conceptualization, Reflective Observation and Active Experimentation (Kolb, D.A. 1981). According to Kolb’s model, the ideal learning process engages all four of these modes in response to situational demands. In order for learning to be effective, all four of these approaches must be incorporated. As individuals attempt to use all four approaches, however, they tend to develop strengths in one experience-grasping approach and one experience-transforming approach. The resulting learning styles are combinations of the individual’s preferred approaches (Kolb...
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...MY LEARNING PORTFOLIO- How I apply learning experiences in my life Abstract Until early last century Pedagogy was widely advocated as the foundation of all education, irrespective of the age group or subject area being taught. The word itself is from ancient Greek ‘paidagageo’ meaning literally ‘to lead the child’. Rote learning was a small part of pedagogy, which conditioned the learner for a known outcome or answer, however one in which there was no variables. It wasn’t until the two World Wars and the industrial revolution, that the practice of adult teaching became accepted as having different methodologies from pedagogy. Many adults that undertake learning do so in the knowledge that they bring different life experiences into the medium, however these experiences can draw in environmental and motivational factors that could become barriers in the absorption of the content. Elton, M (1949) and his studies into the Hawthorn experiments conducted from 1924-1932, provides an example of the increase in productivity (learning or motivation) being attributed to the interest being shown in the individual. From my limited experience within an adult learning environment, I see the Hawthorn effect as a practice example of adult learning, whereby the tutor (employer) engages with, shows interest in and motivates the individual for productivity or knowledge gains. In centuries past, the learning experience was very much one-way communication, however with the advent of adult...
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...Journal Entry The adult learning theory of andragogy is based on a number of assumptions about the adult learner. As adults mature the self-concept change from being a dependent personality to be self- directed. Self-directed allows adults to participate in the diagnosis of their learning needs. Also as adults we bring valuable life experiences to the table which results to being a rich resource of learning. The social role is related to the readiness of the developmental degree of the adult and changes takes place as a person matures. The motivation that one experience is internal rather that external and there is relevance as to why one feels one must learn something. The classroom has to be an atmosphere where it is physically and psychologically appropriate for adults. The climate should allow adults to feel accepted, respected, and supported and there should be spirit of maturity between teacher and student as joint inquirers. The real life experience that has enabled me to make meaning of the andragogy theory is pursuing my master’s degree in education. First I had to make up my mind and realize that I have matured in a way of prioritizing my time and being responsible for making my schedule and taking ownership in my education. After making up my mind and realizing that I needed to pursue this next step I had to motivate myself. It is not easy when I am use to having my parents and my husband to help keep me motivated. So as the result of both parents and my husband...
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...were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever” (Mahatma Gandhi 1869-1948). Throughout life humans go through learning process. Learning is defined as obtaining information or skills through observation, study or experience. There are different types of learning styles according to Kolb’s learning theory (Payne,E. and Whittaker. L, 2006). Each individual learns in a different way, simply because they perceive and execute information or experience in their own preferred style. Kolb (1984) describes that there are four learning styles which would be Converger, Diverger, Assimilator and Accommodator respectively. I see my-self best fit into Diverger and Accommodator learning styles. According to Kolb, a diverger learner is good at applying concrete experience and reflective observation. A diverger is able to view things from different perspectives and often learn through observation. They also tend to solve problems using imaginations and carries feeling oriented personality. Divergers prefer to be an observant rather than taking part in any situations or issues. Kolb says that divergers perform well in situation where it requires generating ideas such as brainstorming. They often influenced by others, enjoy working in a group, like to receive positive feedback, and prefer to learn via logical instructions. For example, I had an interesting learning curve during my past working experience as a software programmer. For the first time, I was given an assignment to construct...
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...FACTORS THAT HINDER FRESHMEN BACHELOR OF SECONDARY EDUCATION STUDENTS OF PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MARIKINA ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 IN ACHIEVING EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE LEARNING A Research Paper Presented to The Faculty of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements on English II Submitted by: Belgira, Mark Gil G. Bermudes, Carla Monica Dela Paz, Junie M. Manangan, Niña B. Miralles, John Michael A. Natividad, Jhorela Marie C. Payod, Kevin L. Refuerzo, Christine M. Sandagon, Joenelle J. March 2012 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION This research contains information regarding the factors that hinder the freshmen students of Bachelor of Secondary Education of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina (PLMar), A.Y 2011-2012. Every individual has the right to have a quality education, live a meaningful life and be an asset to the society he or she belongs. Education brings out the ideas and potentialities of an individual so that he will become productive in his life. Most of the students of Bachelor of Secondary Education aspire to become a teacher or a professor in the near future. They would like to cater those individuals, young or old, who would want the knowledge that their students will gain from them. But not every freshman student of the Bachelor of Secondary Education has a lot of means of attending class in school. They have reasons behind every difficulty. Other people may not be aware of it but every student experiences it...
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...Constructivism (learning theory) Constructivism is a theory to explain how knowledge is constructed in the human being when information comes into contact with existing knowledge that had been developed by experiences. It has its roots in cognitive psychology and biology and an approach to education that lays emphasis on the ways knowledge is created in order to adapt to the world. Constructs are the different types of filters we choose to place over our realities to change our reality from chaos to order. Von Glasersfeld describes constructivism as “a theory of knowledge with roots in philosophy, psychology, and cybernetics”.[1] Constructivism has implications to the theory of instruction. Discovery learning, hands-on, experiential, collaborate, project-based, tasked-based are a number of application that base teaching and learning. Constructivists • John Dewey (1859–1952) • Maria Montessori (1870–1952) • Władysław Strzemiński (1893–1952) • Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934) • Jean Piaget (1896–1980) • George Kelly (1905–1967) • Heinz von Foerster (1911–2002) • Ernst von Glasersfeld (1917–2010) • Paul Watzlawick (1921–2007) • Edgar Morin (1921–) • Humberto Maturana (1928–) • Laszlo Garai (1935–) • David A. Kolb (1939–) Historical and Theoretical Roots According to Kliebard,[2] John Dewey created an active intellectual learning environment in his laboratory school during the early 20th century. Neuroscience now supports this form of active learning as the way people naturally...
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...Oxford Centre for Staff and Learning Development OCSLD Learning and Teaching Briefing Papers Series Theories of learning There are many different theories of how people learn. What follows is a variety of them, and it is useful to consider their application to how your students learn and also how you teach in educational programmes. It is interesting to think about your own particular way of learning and to recognise that everyone does not learn the way you do. Burns (1995, p 99) ‘conceives of learning as a relatively permanent change in behaviour with behaviour including both observable activity and internal processes such as thinking, attitudes and emotions.’ It is clear that Burns includes motivation in this definition of learning. Burns considers that learning might not manifest itself in observable behaviour until some time after the educational program has taken place. Sensory stimulation theory Traditional sensory stimulation theory has as its basic premise that effective learning occurs when the senses are stimulated (Laird, 1985). Laird quotes research that found that the vast majority of knowledge held by adults (75%) is learned through seeing. Hearing is the next most effective (about 13%) and the other senses — touch, smell and taste — account for 12% of what we know. By stimulating the senses, especially the visual sense, learning can be enhanced. However, this theory says that if multi-senses are stimulated, greater learning takes place. Stimulation through...
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...Introduction: Personal and professional development of an individual depends on his/her interpersonal skills. Every profession has particular challenge which a person find difficult to overcome unless he/she fail to make due progress within the job perspectives. In the past few decades profession the roles and responsibilities of a manager have changed extensively. This trend is mainly due to major change in organization policies and greater impact of globalization. However, it is never that much easy to define overall roles and responsibilities of a managerial position precisely. But there are some roles and responsibilities that are common to all professionals throughout the various organizations. It is also hard to know where the roles and responsibilities of a manager should pause and I feel it is every individual’s responsibility to know the boundaries as well as the limitations. Even though there still exists a misconception that the only skill required to be a successful is the ability to manage people, but it goes far beyond this. This is because, some challenge may occur within the organization which really test the temperaments and skill of the individual. It is also a traditional belief that a manager needs to be highly experienced no matter how much knowledge he/she has on managing perspective. A manager must be multi faceted adapting to ever changing circumstance (WALKLIN, 1990). Personal skill management: How a manager deals with others, his/her art of speaking...
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