...5. What sorts of attacks have they committed? • The July 1972 bombing spree known as Bloody Friday, in which downtown Belfast was rocked by twenty-two bombs in seventy-five minutes, leaving nine dead and 130 injured; • The 1979 assassination of Lord Mountbatten, Queen Elizabeth II's uncle and the last Viceroy of India; • The 1984 bombing of a Brighton hotel where then British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet were meeting, which wounded several British officials and killed four other Britons; • A 1993 car bombing in London's financial district, Canary Wharf, that killed one person and caused $1 billion of damage; • Mortar attacks on the British prime minister's residence and London's Heathrow Airport in the early 1990s; • Bombings of civilian targets, including pubs, shops, and subway stations, in Northern Ireland and Britain throughout the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. • Involvement in organized criminal activities, such as extortion, bank robbery, smuggling, and counterfeiting. 6. What is being done to eliminate this terrorist group? The Good Friday Agreement The IRA ceasefire in 1997 formed part of a process that led to the 1998 Belfast (Good Friday) Agreement between Ireland and British Governments. One aim of the Agreement is that all paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland cease their activities and disarm by May 2000. Calls from Sinn Féin, a political party in Ireland, led the IRA to commence disarming in a process that was monitored by Canadian...
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...Socio-evolutionary identity plays a fundamental role in the building of the character of any nation, with Northern Ireland being no different. The constellation of discursive issues that demarcate Irelands conflicted history, are complex and multifarious. The conflict is steeped in the historical context of religious conviction, monarchical dispossession of territory and rights, a distrust of government and the impact of socio-economics on its people. Scholars, politicians and men of the cloth, from all sides of the political floor and religious faiths have assessed and reviewed the Irish ‘troubles’ and all remain convinced that they have the answer, the defining commitment or the epiphany that will or would have restored the island to peace and unity. However like all protracted conflicts the original catalyst is often lost or manifests into a raft of idiosyncratic reasons to fight. When we dissect the conflict down to base elements, there remains two strategic themes, the first being the alignment of faith between the Protestant minority and the Catholic majority and the second base element is the alignment of allegiance of country. The Catholic Nationalist desire for a unified Irish nation and the Unionist commitment to a fractured island with a northern annex, controlled by the United Kingdom is at the essence of the conflict. Whilst this might seem a myopic view of the struggle, it is difficult to reframe the conflict beyond its ethno-nationalist agenda and “Irishness...
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...For example the portholes, Titanic has fourteen but the Olympic has sixteen. Is it just a coincidence that photo's of the "Titanic" early that very day of the wreck show sixteen portholes and not fourteen. Maybe they just felt the need to add on two more portholes days before the big trip? I think not. Sometime before the Titanic's voyage there was a national coal strike leaving maintenance men unemployed. Even though all of these people were in need of a job none of them would work on the ship at any cost. I wonder why? It was probably because of all of the rumors going around Harland and Wolff saying that the Titanic would be purposely sunk. All of those lives lost, and for what? Some insurance scam? You might not agree with me but there's plenty of proof right there. The White Star was in a financial crisis and needed money so they swapped the titanic with the Olympic and purposely sunk the...
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...The Northern Ireland Assembly (Irish: Tionól Thuaisceart Éireann,[1] Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlan Assemblie) is the devolved legislature of Northern Ireland. It has power to legislate in a wide range of areas that are not explicitly reserved to the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and to appoint the Northern Ireland Executive. It sits at Parliament Buildings at Stormont in Belfast. The Assembly is one of two "mutually inter-dependent" institutions created under the 1998 Good Friday Agreement, the other being the North/South Ministerial Council with the Republic of Ireland.[2] The Agreement aimed at bringing an end to Northern Ireland's violent 30-year Troubles. The Assembly is a unicameral, democratically elected body currently comprising 108 members known as Members of the Legislative Assembly, or MLAs. Members are elected under the single transferable vote form of proportional representation. The Assembly selects most of its ministers using the principle of power-sharing under the D'Hondt method to ensure that Northern Ireland's largest political communities, the unionist and nationalist communities both participate in governing the region. The Assembly has been suspended on several occasions, the longest suspension being from 14 October 2002 until 7 May 2007. When the Assembly was suspended, its powers reverted to the Northern Ireland Office. Following talks that resulted in the St Andrews Agreement being accepted in November 2006, an election to the Assembly was held...
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...As millions of Americans prepare to cast their votes for either Obama, Romney or any of the third party candidates who rarely get a mention, Stormont MLAs are deliberating on whether 16-year-olds should get the right to choose their elected representatives. Martin McGuinness told me on Inside Politics last month that the decision to allow 16-year-olds to vote in the Scottish independence referendum should set a precedent for any future border poll. This wasn't exactly a surprise - Sinn Fein has long advocated lowering the voting age. Apart from the principled argument put forward by Sinn Fein's Megan Fearon on the BBC's Sunday Politics that such an initiative will help young people connect with their politicians, there's another reason why nationalists might favour votes at 16. The latest statistics produced by the Department of Education in May show that the religious breakdown of Northern Ireland's 300,000 school pupils was 51% Catholic, 37% Protestant with the rest defined either as other Christian, non-Christian or no religion. Whilst in these changing times it's dangerous to assume that someone's religion equates to their politics, it's easy to see why nationalists might draw more heart from these statistics than unionists. Which makes it more of a surprise that the Ulster Unionists have decided to support lowering the voting age. Perhaps the UUP was sensitive to all those commentators who used to stereotype the party as a bunch of grey men in grey suits...
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...Unit 8-Business Planning Introduction My business venture is based on a bed and breakfast located in Belfast. In intend to offer a quality service for local and international tourists and business travellers. The target market for my business will be tourists looking for short stays and accommodation, not only at holiday time but for the increasing silver surfers, who avail of free travel, cheaper deals etc at off peak times. The name of my Bed and Breakfast is BEDFAST. I got this name from combining bed and breakfast. I also chose this name because it sounds like the location it is set in and would create an instant impact with the potential customer. The purpose of my B&B is to provide me with an opportunity to earn extra income by meeting growing customer demand for my affordable overnight accommodation in a relaxed and friendly setting. There are many features of my B&B such as en-suite guest rooms with king size beds. My bed and breakfast has two dining rooms which gives the guests a bit more privacy and space if they want to eat alone. I have hired professional staff to clean the house and make sure that all guests are settled in well. I have also hired chefs to cook the guests their breakfast of whatever they choose. By doing this I will ensure that the guests of my B&B will have a great stay and be happy to return. My objectives are to make sure that I have provided the best level of customer service for tourists both local and international. I will make sure...
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...1 1. Introduction 1.1. Bloody Sunday Sunday the 27th of January 1972 became known as the Bloody Sunday. This Sunday represents a very important point in the history of the partition of Ireland and the relationship between England and Northern Ireland. 14 people had been shot and another 13 wounded by British soldiers during a protest in the northern Irish city Derry for civil rights and against the British occupation policy on this very Sunday. The Events that took place on Bloody Sunday had been the initial phase for the conflict in Northern Ireland to escalate. As a result, the conflict got worse. Shortly after the declaration of the happenings in Derry, an enraged crowd of northern Irish citizens occupied the British Embassy in Dublin and burned it down. To simplify the enormous amount of the subject matter “Ireland”, in the following lesson, there is going to be a didactical cutback. To begin with, the students are supposed to get to know some basic facts about the divided Ireland. In this one lesson, it is not about representing the topic in all of its details. To a greater degree, it is about approaching the topic particularly with regard to war and peace. The children shall know, what happened on Bloody Sunday and they should be able to classify the events into the historical-cultural background.1 1.2. The Song “Sunday, Bloody Sunday by U2” One of the most famous Bands in the World, U2, was founded in 1983. The Single “Sunday, Bloody Sunday” is the reason for the...
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...This text is written by, Denis Murray; it is written as an article. It is an article because you are told that he is a journalist, and he is also writing to BBC while explaining his experience. The man writing the article, Denis Murray, is also the one speaking, he is telling his story to the readers about his first gunshot experience, in Northern Ireland, he is telling us about how he wants the streets of Belfast and Derry to become like England, Scotland, Wales and the Republican of Ireland. His biggest dreams along with many of the residents of Belfast and Derry are to be able to walk the streets without have to be armed with a gun. He would like the people to live among peace with each other. “Can't wait for the day when policemen and women on the streets of Belfast and Derry become like their counterparts in England, Scotland, Wales and the Republic of Ireland – and can, on a daily basis at least, not have to carry their side arms and say goodbye to the gun.” – Basically he is saying that he want the residents to feel safe enough, to say goodbye to the gun. In the first paragraph he is talking about that only a few people have actually heard gun shots since World War II, and that there has not been a gun culture in United Kingdom, so it’s legal to have a gun by your side. It’s not like in f.eks. Denmark, were we know it’s illegal to have a gun. They don’t know how to live without any gun, to protect them. We are also told that he has seen enough guns for a lifetime,...
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...Shirley Golden, "The false Moon", 2011 Introduction: The Short story´s main theme is escape, graffiti and troubles, because the main character always run away at night but come back the next morning before his mother is awake. At the night he is out and painting graffiti, and put some links out to a girl who is finishes them. The troubles is because he has troubles with his mother and her new boyfriend, so the mother solve this, because she broke up whit the boyfriend, and find out that the boy is painting graffiti in a tunnel near the bus station, and the mother is completely broke. I am first going to make a characterization of the narrator, the second write about the main character´s relationship with his mother and finally the use of symbols. Main Part: The writer has a special way to write stories because this short story is very complicated and messy, she skips some parts, first is the narrator home, then out and sudden he is home again. The narrator is a I-narrator because we see it all from the narrator point, and we get not a chance to listen what the other people think, but the narrator tells what they said, but not their thoughts. The narrator and the main character is the same person. The narrator is a boy who love graffiti, and his parents are divorced or else his father is dead, we don´t get any info about that, however, the boys mom is working on shift and he is usually asleep when she gets home, but at the time she goes into the bedroom and start...
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... Moreover, the process of amnesty for terrorists from both sides of the conflict was started. All cases were considerately attended to by the court and there were precedents set when prisoners who had been declared guilty and received nine life sentences were granted amnesty. Overall, those who were affected by the acts committed by these men were very hostile to the overall process. It took years of communication between the Reconciliation Commission; it divided communities, churches (both Catholic and Protestant), government structures and society to achieve the reconciliation. A perfect example of courage in the face of adversity was the Minister of Ireland Seamus Mallon who often came to the families of victims of terrorist acts in Belfast. He spent many hours in informal, unsympathetic, often hostile atmospheres, to explain why amnesty was necessary in these cases. Today, there are a number of projects designed to alleviate tensions between Protestants and Catholics, to limit violence within and between communities. Many of them are concentrated on young people to protect them from the influence of armed groups. In parallel with the process of political settlement and amnesty, there was a process of providing of various investments, grants, and subsidies for the local communities. Communities understood that reconciliation and reducing of the existing differences will give economic growth, development of the region and improve the lives of everyone. All these actions helped...
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...Mr. Joe Bloggs 87 Neverland Ranch Never Land Mobile: N/A Email: N/A Date To whom it may concern, With regards to the Aston language centre website, I am writing to apply for the "Business Internships in China" position. Having one of the oldest cultures in the world as well as some of the world’s most iconic landmarks and culinary delights, for as long as I can remember I have been intrigued and fascinated by the tradition and rich history of the Chinese culture. Having recently graduated from the prestigious University of Ulster with a merit in MA Business Studies with Sport management I am interested in applying my business acumen in a country which is renowned for business and trade and has experienced such recent phenomenal growth. In particular, the Northern Ireland economy is currently in recession and in order to recover, allot of emphasis is being placed on growing the private sector. I therefore have the ambition to go to China, embed myself in the culture and business language, so that I may build by skills in International strategy and investment. As a result, Upon my return to Northern Ireland I will be able to apply the knowledge and skills I have learned to aid the process of exportation of goods from Northern Ireland to China, in order to grow Northern Ireland’s private sector and encourage the recovery from the longstanding...
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...The conflict in Northern Ireland involves the IRA(Irish Republican Army) and the British. It started in 1923, when the British invaded Northern Ireland because they meant that Ireland should be a part of Great Britain. The IRA’s original goal when this happened was to get all of the British establishments out of Ireland and get up an independent Irish government. In December at the 6th in 1921, the country Ireland was split in two. The free Ireland and the Northern Ireland which were under the control of the British. The IRA removed with this all the British in the south free Ireland by force of arms. In the Northern Ireland the majority of the people were protestants and therefore they didn’t mind that they were under control of the British, if the Northern Ireland became a part of Ireland again the protestants would loose the privileges they had over the Catholics. It became the Unionists VS the Nationalists or the Loyalists VS the Republicans. The Unionists were nonviolent protestants and the Loyalists were the violent one. On the Catholic side, the Nationalist were the nonviolent one and the Republicans were the one that used military arms. Many people were being killed, an at May the 22nd the IRA and the Protestants “loyalists” militias were ordered to surrender all illegal weapons. But in a statement April the 29th the IRA stated the they would not surrender any weapons at all. “There appears to be yet another attempt to resurrect the decommissioning issue as an...
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...James Craig 1st Viscount Craigavon Early life James Craig was born in Sydenham, Belfast, 8 January 1871. He was son James Craig Senior. Who was a wealthy whiskey distiller. He was the sixth son and seventh child in total. Military life He enlisted in the 3rd (militia) regiment of the Royal Irish Rifles in 1900 to serve in the Second Boer War. He enjoyed military life but became impatient at the lack of professionalism and efficiency in the British Army. He made lieutenant and then captain but was taken prisoner in May 1900, but was released for medical reasons. On his recovery he became deputy assistant director of the Imperial Military Railways. During this he showed qualities of organization which were to mark his involvement in British and Ulster politics. In 1901 he was sent home because he suffered from dysentery, and by the time he was healthy again, the war had ended. Political career In the General Election of 1906, Craig entered parliament as the MP for East down. He proved to be a very energetic parliamentarian, taking a keen interest in a wide range of issues, namely social, educational and reform of the army. As the third Home Rule Bill of 1910 unfolded, Craig formed a very effective partnership with Sir Edward Carson. They worked together to mobilize Ulster...
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...1973 Northern Ireland Referendum The Northern Ireland sovereignty referendum of 1973 (also known as the Border Poll) was a referendum held in Northern Ireland on 8 March 1973. The referendum was on whether Northern Ireland should remain part of the United Kingdom or join with the Republic of Ireland to form a ‘United Ireland’. It was the first major referendum to be held in a region of the United Kingdom. The referendum was held On 23 January 1973, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) called on its members "to ignore completely the referendum and reject this extremely irresponsible decision by the British Government". Gerry Fitt, leader of the SDLP, said he “had organised a boycott to stop an escalation in violence”. The question “Do you want Northern Ireland to remain part of the United Kingdom?” won by a land slide 98.9% over the 1.1% of voters voting against. The electorate were asked to indicate: Choice | Vote | Percentage[5] | Do you want Northern Ireland to remain part of the United Kingdom? | 591,820 | 98.9% | Do you want Northern Ireland to be joined with the Republic of Ireland outside the United Kingdom? | 6,463 | 1.1% | The vote was not legitimate because the SDLP members did not vote. They could have opposed staying in the United Kingdom. Votes breakdown: * Electorate: 1,030,084 (in 1973 * Total votes: 604,256 (58.66% of Electorate) * Valid votes: 598,283 (99.01% of Total votes) * Spoiled votes: 5,973 (0.99% of Total votes) * Non-voters:...
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...Conflict Research Perspectives Northern Ireland & Republic of Ireland Rhett S. Close HUMN 305, Global Issues Professor Bakkum March 10, 2015 Conflict Research Perspectives Northern Ireland & Republic of Ireland “The Troubles” as commonly known to the people of Ireland is the conflict that has been raging between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland since the 1960’s. This conflict has been defined as a religious one between the Republic of Ireland (Catholic) and Northern Ireland (Protestant). The more recognized believe that it is in reference to the political issue of separating from Britain such as the Republic did or staying “loyal to the crown” as Northern Ireland has. The final point is the hostile actions that both sides have committed in defense of their positions (Hammer, 2009). Both sides make arguments to why the other has been the source of the problem. In the following paragraphs, we will look at each side’s arguments and present the facts as they are known. Republic of Ireland The Republic of Ireland has a vivid memory of the ethnic and religious persecution they endured by their British rulers. There has been a long history of violence and discrimination based on the religious choices and their ethnic background. This is a modern example of religious and ethnic bigotry in a first world country. Citizens were afraid to practice their religion or to be affiliated with their home land based on the violence that may occur. A primary...
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