...Contents Editorial New century, old story! Race, religion, bureaucrats, and the Australian Lebanese story Anne Monsour The Transnational Imagination: XXth century networks and institutions of the Mashreqi migration to Mexico Camila Pastor de Maria y Campos Balad Niswen – Hukum Niswen: The Perception of Gender Inversions Between Lebanon and Australia Nelia Hyndman-Rizik Diaspora and e-Commerce: The Globalization of Lebanese Baklava Guita Hourani Lebanese-Americans’ Identity, Citizenship and Political Behavior Rita Stephan Pathways to Social Mobility Lebanese Immigrants in Detroit and Small Business Enterprise Sawsan Abdulrahim 3 7 31 73 105 139 163 Pal. Jour., 2009, 11,3:5 Copyright © 2009 by Palma Journal, All Rights Reserved Editorial Palma Journal’s special issue on migration aims at contributing to this area of study in a unique manner. By providing a forum for non-veteran scholars in the field to share their current research findings with a broader public, Palma has joined hands with the Lebanese Emigration Research Center in celebrating LERC’s sixth anniversary serving international and interdisciplinary scholarly discourse between Lebanon and the rest of the world. The migration special issue owes its inception to a conversation between Beirut und Buenos Aires, in which Eugene Sensenig-Dabbous, an AustrianAmerican researcher at LERC, and the eminent Argentinean migration scholar, Ignacio Klich, developed the idea for a special migration issue and presented...
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...include Palestinian refugees and foreign workers, mainly Syrian. History : In conquering Lebanon, the Muslims fought the Christian armies of Byzantium, whom they called the Roumis. The Byzantines were defeated, and retreated further north. Lebanon was made part of the Sham territory of the Islamic Empire. Islam became the Law and official religion of the land. Christians and Jews were allowed to worship as long as they paid taxes to the Muslims, and obeyed their laws. Arabic became the official language of the region The privileging of Christians in governmental positions was one of the main reasons for the civil war, when the population percentage shifted in favor of the Muslims The first Arab-Israeli war broke out, and hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled their homes as Israeli troops advanced on them. About 150,000 Palestinians became refugees in Lebanon. The Palestinians come to play an important, if indirect, part in Lebanese politics. Outgoing President Amine Gemayel appoints an interim military government under Maronite Commander-in-Chief Michel Aoun in East Beirut when presidential elections fail to produce a successor. Prime Minister Selim el-Hoss forms a mainly Muslim rival administration in West Beirut. Politics : Hizbo lah The United States has declared that Hezbollah (Party of God) is a major terrorist organization, but public officials in Lebanon, where the group is based, and it’s a Shiite group . Hezbollah has grown to an organization...
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...Ottoman Empire, 1516-1916. The major crime that the Ottoman Empire committed was ruling the region and assigning local leaders. They weakened the country by dividing Lebanon to sectarian divisions and appointing rulers accordingly. In addition, they intensify the tension between diversities. As a result, in Mount Lebanon, a massacre between the Maronites and the Druze occurred and indirectly evoked wars between these two religions in 1840 and 1860. The reign of the Ottoman Empire continued, to end with the end of the World War 1 in 1916 with the victory of the allies. In 1920, the allies placed Lebanon under the French wardship and expanded its geographical area by taking parts from Syria. The French mandate was not better; the Muslims in Lebanon felt oppressed from the Maronites and refused to do the state of Greater Lebanon and wanted to be part of Syria. On the other hand, Christians were trying to take advantage of the present situation. This caused tensions between these two religions. On September 1, 1920, General Gouraud proclaimed the establishment of State of Greater Lebanon with its present boundaries after splitting few Syrian villages on the southern and western borders with Lebanon. During this period, Lebanese didn’t stop trying hard to gain their independence. In 1943, Paris was obliged to grant Lebanon its independence by reason of Lebanese people’s yearning for autonomy supported by Winston Churchill’s government in London. After the end of World War 2, Lebanese...
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...length and is, on average, 45 km (30 miles) wide. The total area of the country amounts to 10,452 square km (4,500 square miles). Along the coast are the five famous cities of Beirut, Byblos, Sidon, Tripoli, and Tyre (see interactive map under Tourism). It is bordered in the north and east by Syria and, in the south, by Palestine.Lebanon's beauty is illuminated by its geography (see interactive map under Tourism.) -- its narrow coastal plane and two parallel north/south mountains (the mountains of Lebanon and anti-Lebanon). The fertile Bekaa valley, with its Litani and Orontes Rivers, separates these mountains and nourishes the terrain. Residing majestically over the valley, Qournet Assaouda in the north of Mount Lebanon (altitude 3,083 meters or 10,112 feet) and Jabal al-Sheikh in the south of the anti-Lebanon range (altitude 2,814 meters or 9,230 feet) remain the highest peaks in the country.This unparalleled natural splendor is enhanced by Lebanon's moderate, Mediterranean climate. Lebanon enjoys about 300 days per year of sunshine. The winter is mild on the coast and snowy in the mountains, while the summer is hot on the coast and mild on the mountains. It is possible during the spring months to ski in the mountains and swim on the coast in the same day!Average Temperatures for Beirut (coastal) and Zahle (inland) in Centigrade (ºC) MONTH | BEIRUT (ºC) | ZAHLE | January | 13 | 7 | February | 14 | 9 | March | 16 | 10 | April | 18 | 13 | May | 22 | 20 | June | 25 | 24 | July...
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...Table of Contents | Executive Summary………………………………………………………iv | Introduction……………………………………………………………….1 Problem and Scope……………………………..1 Procedures………………….………………….2 Findings……………………………………………………………………3 Violence against women in Lebanon………….3 Education Statistics in Lebanon…………..…...4 Research Analysis…………………………………………………………6 Intervention…………………………………..12 Personal Beliefs……………………...……….12 Executive Summary The purpose of this report was to raise awareness about abused women in Lebanon and try to promote their rights. Research for this report included true based stories from reality shows and social media, furthermore, literature on web-based tuitions and interview with a professional social worker who deals with abused women. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective of women abuse concentrating in South of Lebanon. Other calculations include rates of numbers of women being abused including statistics of women educated in Lebanon. We also found two reality shows where men clarify why women are allowed to be abused and that it is the right thing to do in certain situations. Furthermore, we inserted KAFAA’s point of view on this matter including what type of situations they dealt with. Also, we have a valid report on the behaviors of the victim and the abuser by a Dr. from psychology department. The interview reveals reasons to why women are abused and how should they react to it. The report finds...
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...Lebanon The Israel Hamas Hezbollah Conflict The United States and the Israel-Hezbollah War Prof. Jeremy Pressman Although American soldiers were not involved in the fighting in Lebanon and Israel this past summer, the United States was nonetheless a central player in the war. U.S. policy was defined by staunch American support for Israel and repeated calls by U.S. officials to use the crisis as a means to get at the root causes of violence in the region. What were the American objectives in this war? Does a preliminary assessment suggest that Washington took steps toward achieving them? How does U.S. policy on the Arab-Israeli conflict look moving forward? American Objectives in the Israel-Hezbollah War Two global foreign policy commitments informed the United States view of the Israel-Hezbollah confrontation this past summer; the war on terror and the democratization of the Middle East. Since September 11, 2001, the American war on terror has been defined to include several different international actors. In his speech of September 20, 2001, President George W. Bush stated that the war would “not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped and defeated,” and that “any nation that continues to harbor or support terrorism will be regarded by the United States as a hostile regime.” In addition, he warned, terrorists could not be accommodated but instead must be met by force. This approach has most directly been applied to al-Qaeda and its satellites...
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...While international institutions date as far back as the 19th century, it was only after the Second World War when institutional institutionalization began to develop at an unprecedented pace. What matter most in the failing or succeeding of a nation is the institution, more precisely the political institutions that determine economic institutions (Michele Boldrin). Acemoglu and Robinson (writers of the famous book why nations fail) theorize that political institutions can be divided into two kinds: * “Extractive” institutions in which a “small” group of individuals do their best to exploit - in the sense of Marx - the rest of the population * “Inclusive” institutions in which “many” people are included in the process of governing hence the exploitation process is either attenuated or absent. One if the interesting comparison between the two institutions is the following: “Extractive institutions try to seize a larger share of the pie for some groups in society, at the expense of making the pie larger. Inclusive institutions prefer to see the size of the pie grow, in the interests of the majority, even if it means disruptive change for the privileged few with a valuable stake in the status quo.” (big sky ideas, 2012) The reason that Nogales, Arizona, is much richer than Nogales, Sonora, is simple; it is because of the very different institutions on the two sides of the border, which create very different incentives for the inhabitants of Nogales, Arizona, versus...
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...demographics and consumer spending patterns. These lucrative business opportunities in the Middle East resulted in DCPEME signing a 50/50 joint venture with a Saudi Arabian regional partner in 1993. The joint venture would begin their operations in Saudi Arabia, but was interested in expanding into neighboring countries, specifically Lebanon. DCPEME now faces the decision of determining whether entering Lebanon is the correct next step in their Middle Eastern expansion strategy. Additionally, if the company decides to enter Lebanon then they must evaluate the best product categories to launch as well as identify which distribution options will position the country for success. Should Lebanon be Next? Lebanon is considered a small and prosperous Middle Eastern nation. A devastating civil war in the 1970s and 1980s wreaked havoc on the country’s infrastructure, but their economy has since recovered and is now characterized by free market pricing and an unrestricted exchange and trade system. Currently, Disney products are already distributed in Lebanon via three channels: worldwide licensees (ex. Mattel), non-worldwide licensees that distribute in Lebanon without proper approval, and non-worldwide licensees whose wholesalers are illegally selling Disney products to Lebanese distributors. The following section details the advantages and disadvantages of DCPEME expanding into the Lebanese market. Advantages Lebanon’s highly literate population, especially when compared to neighboring...
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...Running Head: Partnership for Lebanon and Cisco Systems 1 Partnership for Lebanon and Cisco Partnership for Lebanon and Cisco Systems 2 The partnership for Lebanon was formed in the fall of 2006 in response to the July of 2006 conflict inside the country. With the main purpose to help with the reconstruction of Lebanon as well as create a better future for the Lebanese people. The partnership for Lebanon vision is to help the people of Lebanon find a path for stability and long term economic growth. The Partnership for Lebanon focused on the rebuild and the reutilization of the war damaged areas first by teaming up with Non government agencies such as USAID and habitat for humanity to assist in the rebuilding process. Partnership for Lebanon also wanted to increase national broadband services to give the people a hand up on other regional countries when it comes to technology. Cisco was started in 1984 by husband and wife Stanford professors Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner. They invented a way to email each other while in two different building a multi protocol router. Since Cisco’s inception in 1984 they have skyrocketed to point where in 2000 they were named the most valuable company having an estimated market value of 550 billion. Although Cisco is an American company they have taken great pride in expanding to different countries and regions around the world. Beside, revolutionizing the way we do thing in the world, Cisco has also strived to help developing...
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... | |Country Notebook: Lebanon | |OSB Board | | | | | | | EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction Lebanon is a country located in the Middle East along the Mediterranean Sea. Its coastal location as well as close proximity to many other nations makes Lebanon an ideal country for trade. Through an analysis of their culture, economy, and market we have been able to develop an introductory marketing plan for exporting OSB board from Michigan to Lebanon. Lebanon is a democratic republic with a free-market orientation. Although there has been much civil unrest in the past, presently there is decent political stability. The economy has struggled due to wars and setbacks but through the use of foreign aid and internal growth Lebanon is trying to rebuild. The Lebanese culture is very...
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...American University of Science and Technology Faculty of Business and Economics Graduate Program (MBA) ECO 500- Managerial Economics Unemployment in Lebanon Case Study 2015 Instructor’s name: Dr. Hamdar Student’s name: Ola Al Zein Date: 1/6/2015 Unemployment in Lebanon Case Study Table of Contents 1.0 Abstract 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Study area 2.2 Objective 2.3 Problem Statement 3.0 Review 4.0 Methodologies 4.1 Statistics 4.2 Data 4.3 Figures 4.4Small Case Study and analysis of the methodology part 5.0 Conclusion 6.0 Summary 7.0 Recommendations 8.0 References Abstract This case was conducted during May 2015. It is concerned with the unemployment dilemma in Lebanon that youth are especially facing. It studies the problem from different sides including the migration of the Syrian refugees to Lebanon, the instable political situation, the down economic situation and passes briefly through the stopped plans of exploring gas and oil in Lebanon. It takes into consideration the real situation of unemployment in Lebanon, its reasons and of course; recommendations for the betterment of this particular situation. Introduction: Study Area “ Global job crisis” is perhaps the best word to start with this case study, as the situation was seen by the International Labor Organization in their “World of Work Report 2014:...
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...turned political party in Lebanon. The United States considers it to be a terrorist organization, since Hezbollah has been apart of a number of attacks, like the 1983 suicide bombings in Beirut, where Hezbollah attacked U.S. Marine and French Foreign Legion headquarters. Hezbollah is an Arabic term, which translates to “Party of God”. It is associated with the Shi’a branch of Islam. It formed in 1982 when a radical group of radical Shitte Muslims broke away from Lebanon’s mail Shi’a political party. Hezbollah has a set of pillars or goals that it wishes to achieve. One is to end foreign occupation and fight against Israel and end its inhuman practices in Lebanon, Palestine and other parts of the Middle East. Second, is to become a voice of innocent Lebanese citizens and to show that Israel is not invincible. Another goal is to participate in Lebanese politics and influence Lebanon’s domestic and foreign policy to help better the region. Hezbollah also wishes to present a true picture of Islam. They believe it is a religion that is logical, practical and in accordance with modern day requirements. Finally, Hezbollah’s last goal is to work for the social and economic development of Lebanon through services in the fields of health, education, agriculture and any other charitable services (“Palestinian Facts”). Hezbollah emerged as a reaction to two major events in the Middle East, the 1979 Iranian Revolution and the 1982 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon. Both these events fueled...
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..." Source B Cabinet Speech Margret Thatcher Margaret Thatcher, fresh from her Falklands triumph, refused to talk to the PLO on the grounds that it had neither recognized Israel nor renounced terrorism. But there was movement nevertheless: Thatcher received an Arab League ministerial delegation but allowed Douglas Hurd, a foreign office minister, to meet Farouq Qaddoumi, Arafat's foreign minister. It was the first encounter of its kind and a landmark on the way to international recognition of an organization whose hard-fought claim to be the "sole legitimate representative" of the Palestinians must now be in doubt. "A balance would thus be struck between the United Kingdom's sympathy with the Arabs over the Israeli invasion of the Lebanon and the fact that the Israeli Ambassador in London, Mr Argov, had been attacked by a splinter group of...
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...Rinal Chaaban Mobile No: E-mail: +971 5 5249 2157 / +974 7734228 rinalchaaban@gmail.com Career Objective My objective is to enhance my working capacities, professional skills, business efficiencies and to serve my organization in best possible way with complete determination and commitment. Qualifications Summary 7 years experience in exhibitions, conferences, and events. 5 years of experience in production & photography field. Familiar with new technology releases. Possess extensive Internet search skills. Ability to work under pressure and meet deadlines. Very good organizational skills. Good written and verbal communication skills. Professional Experience fischerAppelt, qatar August 2011 till October 2014 Senior Project Manager / Project Lead / Exhibition Manager for the following projects: • Innovate Qatar (Creator / Idea and Implementation / Exhibition Manager) • QITCOM Conference and Exhibition 2014 Tasks for the above projects include but are not limited to: o Leading, managing, supervising and leading the exhibition and conference. o Managing, recruiting and supervising the team of 20 employees for the conference and exhibition. o Preparing, managing and controlling the financial overview of the project. o Prepared the project concept, milestones and master-plan. o Setting the agency’s performance objectives and monitoring the progress towards achieving them. o Supervising, leading and monitoring Sales / Media and Marketing / Operations / Accounting departments...
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...University MCJ 6453 Professor David Milen Aug 30, 2012 Hezbollah “The Party of God” Who Are They We are not fighting so that the enemy may offer us something. We are fighting to wipe out the enemy ( Hussein Mussawi, Former Hezbollah Leader). Who are the Hezbollah? This little statement from their former leader sums it up what they are and what they stand for. Hezbollah is an Islamic Shi’ite group that has its origins in Iran and they also have a branch in Lebanon. Their name in Arabic means “Party of God”, it is derived from the Surra 5, verse 56 of the Quran: Lo! The Party of God, they are victorious, this group is not only a political party but a terrorist organization (Encyclopedia of the Middle East). The flag for the Hezbollah is yellow with a green AK 47 and green rocket truck with the entire globe in the background. The early history and foundation of Hezbollah, Hezbollah came around long before the Iranian revolution of 1979, they have strong ties with the religious scholars from Iran and Lebanon, These scholars or Shi’ite ulema studied theology in the academies in Iraq. During the 1950’s and 1960’s these academies were very active bringing together an Islamic response to nationalism and secularism (Encyclopedia of the Middle East). At this point we need to briefly discus the difference between Sunni and Shiite Musliams, the origin of Islam began back in 610 A.D. Sunnis accept that the first four Caliphs, to include Ali are the rightful followers of Muhammad...
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