...GM Passlock II Bypass Control Switch NOTE: This procedure assumes you have basic electrical or electronic knowledge and are able to use related tools including a multimeter and soldering iron. USE AT OWN RISK. Tools needed 1. Digital readout multimeter with ohms capability. 2. Small wire cutter. 4. Sodering iron and soder wire. 5. Small torch for heatshrink. 6. Screwdrivers, pliers, wrench set, socket set. Parts needed 1. 1% 1/4W metal film resistor per measured value, see procedure below. Digikey part no: PxxxxCACT-ND (xxxx will be the value you need to buy) 2. 5% 1/2W 1000 ohm carbon film resistor Digikey part no: P1.0KBBCT-ND 3. 5mm green LED Digikey part no: P375-ND 4. 1/8" heatshrink sleeving about 3". 5. Electrical tape. 6. Small double pole toggle (DPDT) switch. Digikey part no: 450-1533-ND 7. 22AWG insulated hookup wire about 6ft Procedure 1. Remove the top and bottom shrouds from the steering column. 2: Find the 2 thin wires coming from the ignition switch. One is yellow the other orange/black (or black). 3. Cut the yellow wire and strip both ends. Remove some insulation from the orange/black wire without cutting it. 4. Turn the ignition switch to the run position but don t crank the engine. 5. Using the multimeter on ohms setting measure the resistance value between the yellow wire on the ignition switch sire and the other orange/black wire. It should read anywhere from 200 Ohms to 8000 Ohms. Note the reading you get. 6. Turn the ignition switch to the off position...
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...Modeling and Designing of a New Indoor Free Space Visible Light Communication System∗ Z. Wu, J. Chau, and T.D.C. Little Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts tdcl@bu.edu August 1, 2011 MCL Technical Report No. 08-01-2011 Abstract–Recent developments in solid-state light-emitting diode (LED) materials and devices is driving a resurgence into the use of free-space optics (FSO) for wireless broadband communication. This technology uses the visible spectrum provided by “white” LEDs that are becoming ubiquitous in lighting and has some desirable properties competitive with existing radio frequency (RF) communications. By leveraging the low-cost nature of LEDs and lighting units there are many opportunities to exploit this medium for widespread optical communication deployment. The optical medium, however, has particular characteristics, including directionality and susceptibility to noise sources in the visible spectrum that must be managed. In this paper we present a new indoor FSO system, also known as a visible light communication (VLC) system that addresses achieving satisfactory data rates through diffuse link while supporting mobility under line of sight (LOS) constraints. The system model is presented with theoretical performance analysis indicating a promising rate for indoor scenarios. The new VLC prototype that can deliver in excess of 1 Mbps while providing both illumination and communication at several meters is also...
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...MINI PROJECT ON AUTOMATIC STREET light An introduction: Needs no manual operation for switching ON and OFF. When there is need of light. It detects itself weather there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value then automatically street light is switched ON and when there is other source of light i.e. day time, the street light gets OFF. The sensitiveness of the street light can also be adjusted. In our project we have used three L.E.D for indication of bulb but for high power switching one can connect Relay (electromagnetic switch) at the output of pin 3 of I.C 555. Then it will be possible to turn ON/OFF any electrical appliances connected all the way through relay. Principle : This circuit uses a popular timer I.C 555. I.C 555 is connected as comparator with pin-6 connected with positive rail, the output goes high(1) when the trigger pin 2 is at lower then 1/3rd level of the supply voltage. Conversely the output goes low (0) when it is above 1/3rd level. So small change in the voltage of pin-2 is enough to change the level of output (pin-3) from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1. The output has only two states high and low and can not remain in any intermediate stage. It is powered by a 6V battery for portable use. The circuit is economic in power consumption. Pin 4, 6 and 8 is connected to the positive supply and pin 1 is grounded. To detect the present of an object we have used LDR and a source of light. LDR is a special type of resistance...
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...Light Emitting Diode (LED) Principles The Key mechanism of the Light emission in LEDs is Band - to -Band recombination (radiation) Not ANY recombination produces the RADIATION. In case of indirect transitions, the recombination produces phonons rather than photons. This is the case for Si. Si cannot be used for efficient LEDs Non-equilibrium conditions: If the concentration of e-h pairs increases, n = ∆n+n0; p = ∆p+p0; the recombination rate also increases: 0 RSP = Br n0 p0 ex RSP = Br ⎡ ∆p ⋅ n0 + ∆n ⋅ p0 + ∆n ⋅∆p ⎤ ⎣ ⎦ Thermal generation rate G does not change as it does not depend on n and p Rex is the excess recombination rate producing the light Forward biased p-n junction and light emission Excess electrons Excess holes n p = n p 0 eqV / kT p p = p0 pn = pn0 eqV / kT nn = n0 pn nn = p0 n0 ⋅ eqV / kT pn nn = p0 n0 ⋅ eqV / kT 2 pn nn = n i ⋅ eqV / kT 2 pn nn = n i ⋅ eqV / kT Under the forward bias, The change in the electron concentration in the p-region: Excess electrons ∆n p = n p − n p 0 = n p 0 (eqV / kT − 1); ∆p ≈ 0 ex RSP = Br ⎡ ∆p ⋅ n0 + ∆n ⋅ p0 + ∆n ⋅∆p ⎤ = Br ∆n ⋅ p0 ; ⎣ ⎦ ex ∆n = n p 0 ( eqV / kT − 1); → RSP = Br n p 0 p p 0 ( eqV / kT − 1) ex 0 RSP = RSP ( eqV / kT − 1) Under the forward bias, The change in the hole concentration in the n-region: Excess holes ∆pn = pn − pn0 = pn0 ( eqV / kT − 1); ∆n ≈ 0 ex RSP = Br ⎡ ∆p ⋅ n0 + ∆n ⋅ p0 + ∆n ⋅∆p ⎤ = Br ∆p ⋅ n0 ; ⎣ ⎦ ...
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...Preparation Questions: Item to Be Described (product and use) The OLED, Organic Light Emitting Diode, is the newest addition to the LED line of equipment. This new piece of equipment is the first ever design that allows the capability for High Definition TVs to be 80 inches wide, less than a quarter inch, and be rolled up when you’re not using it. This possibility and many more are capable through the solid-state devices of OLED. Composed of thin films of organic modules, OLEDs create light with the application of electrify. With this process, LEDs are taken to the next level when it comes to clarity and power efficiency. Audience (retail consumer, industrial expert, or other) The intended audience will be a retail consumer who is an expert technician or an experienced user with similar equipment. The audience will have some background knowledge but they are uniformed of the actual makeup of the OLEDs. These individuals want to know the technology behind the OLEDs and if it is worth their while to purchase the equipment. Purpose (Why is the document being produced?) This document is being produced to better inform the above audience. The overall purpose is to fully outline the OLED Mechanism and to allow the above audience to understand the advantages of the equipment compared to others that are out in the market. At the end, by informing the audience of the complete layout of the OLED, their interest will have improved and their chances of purchasing the piece...
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...Technique on how to skim efficiently articles and get to the important points without much fuss. 4. Generate the conceptual framework. Build your conceptual framework using your mix of the variables from the scientific articles you have read. Your problem statement serves as a reference in constructing the conceptual framework. In effect, your study will attempt to answer a question that other researchers have not explained yet. Your research should address a knowledge gap. Example of a Conceptual Framework Statement number 5 introduced in an earlier post titled How to Write a Thesis Statement will serve as the basis of the illustrated conceptual framework in the following examples. Thesis statement: Chronic exposure to blue light from LED screens (of computer...
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...true broadcast background, understand video and build products to those standards. Mike Rowe even went to say: “they’ve had to kind of dummy down their systems to meet the scoreboard industry”. Daktronics is a company with clear, established objectives and principles that they have been following for years. For them, number one most important aspect is product quality and application. Daktronics are also heavily customer focused and try to give the best support and use instructions after the installation. Mike Rowe described Daktronics thinking: “We get everything they’re [clients] going to buy on the table, plus their wish list.” When it comes to component LEDs market there are three or four leading LED manufacturers. With very similar technology, the main difference between manufacturers is the configuration of LED lights. Daktronics, which is one of the larger players, in the last two or three years has come up with an interesting...
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...2nd SEMESTER SY 2015-2016 2nd SEMESTER SY 2015-2016 Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa Manila College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa Manila College of Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Submitted to: Prof. Armingol B. Morales Submitted to: Prof. Armingol B. Morales Submitted by: Ariston, Jayvee De Cadiz, Allan Dave Talusan, Jayson Submitted by: Ariston, Jayvee De Cadiz, Allan Dave Talusan, Jayson EFFECTIVENESS OF USING MULTIPLE/COMBINE MEDIUMS IN PRODUCING ELECTRICITY TO LIGHT A LED ------------------------------- A Thesis Proposal Presented to Professor Armingol B. Morales POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES ------------------------------- In Partial Fulfillment of the requirements MEEN 4113 FUNDAMENTALS OF RESEARCH FOR ME ------------------------------- By ARISTON, JAYVEE DE CADIZ, ALAN DAVE TALUSAN, JAYSON 2016 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers wish to express their heartfelt appreciation to all those who have extended their unselfish assistance in the completion of this study. Grateful acknowledgment is extended to Prof. Armingol, their adviser, for his scholarly advice, worthwhile and constructive comments and suggestions for the improvement of this research; Their thoughtful gratitude to ECE laboratory and ME laboratory for lending some mechanical and electrical devices and equipment in conducting...
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...I sit on the old courthouse steps in the town square of Denton in the great state of Texas. The square is filled with people from all walks of life. Nestled between two universities and surrounded by residential neighborhoods, this place is constantly alive with people coming and going. I find myself humming along to the sounds of music coming from a group of young college kids who have set up their instruments and are performing on the courthouse lawn for all to enjoy. A gentle breeze picks up and with it is carried a glorious scent of bbq wafting over from one of the local restaurants. This place plays host to many festivals throughout the year. From where I am seated I can see the strings of white LED lights strung throughout the trees on the courthouse lawn. In the evening these lights are turned on creating a lovely ambiance. This is the type of place where the waitress at the diner knows your name and order as soon as you walk in the door. This is that small town America that for so many years I looked for and finally have found. I sit on the steps of the old courthouse here in Denton, Texas. The courthouse square is packed with all sorts of people. Many have walked here from a few blocks away due to the limited parking options. Just a few feet from me, an amateur band of college kids have set up and are using the courthouse lawn as an open air practice studio. Walking about the square, darting in and out of the waves of people, I duck into a diner. The waitress...
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...Pioneer Petroleum Case Analysis Pioneer Petroleum Cases Analysis The Problem: Pioneer Petroleum Corporation (PPC) has two major problems that are interfering with the goal of the firm to maximize shareholder wealth. The first is that PPC has been calculating their weighted average cost of capital incorrectly, by incorrectly calculating their after tax cost of debt and their cost of equity. This miscalculation has subjected PPC to more risk and has hurt the company’s ability to make appropriate investment decisions. This has also led PPC to accepting investment decisions that should not have been included within their acceptable range. Second, PPC has been using a single company-wide rate for their multi-divisional company. In either instance the company is not maximizing wealth. Statement of Facts and Assumptions: PPC has been calculating their after tax cost of debt using the coupon rate of 12% instead of the actual interest rate which is 8%. Taking the 8% interest rate into account, PPC’s actual cost of capital would be calculated as: [.08(1-.34)]= 5.28%. PPC has simply been using 10% (their equity growth rate) as their cost, but must instead either use the CAPM model to calculate their cost of equity, or the Dividend-growth model. If they use the CAPM model, which is the most accurate, their cost of equity will be: .078+.8(.1625-.078)=14.56%. Or they can use the Dividend-growth model and their cost of equity would be: (2.7/63)+.1=14.29%. Both are...
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...transmisión de datos, sino imagínate... como hago para aumentar el volúmen de mi TV, cambiar de canal, aumentar el brillo, quitarle el color..., etc., etc., y todo con un sólo emisor de IR...??? Pero bueno, sólo les mostraré lo básico, y cuando aprenda más les comentaré al respecto. Existen encapsulados que traen incorporado en su interior tanto al emisor como receptor, de todos ellos, el más conocido es el CNY70, que cuenta con 4 pines, dos para el Diodo IR y dos para el fotoTransistor... Pero, nosotros podemos conseguir algunos, en especial de las disqueteras viejas, en donde te encontrarás con algunos de estos tipos... Para estos dispositivos podrías usar el siguiente circuito, que da buenos resultados, en la salida puedes agregarle un LED con su respectiva resistencia de 220R o...
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...Led marketing directorIntroduction p. 3 II. Mission and objectives p. 4 III. Capabilities of our company p. 4 IV. Current Marketing Situation p. 5- 10 V. Positioning p. 10 - 11 VI. Marketing Strategy p .12 - 20 1. Product Strategy 2. Pricing strategy 3. Promotion strategy 4. Distribution strategy VII. Budgets p. 20 - 21 VIII. Controls p. 21 -22 IX. Executive Summary p. 23 - 24 X. References p. 24 I. Introduction What is LED light? With a view to creating a better quality of light and saving energy LED light has entered the light industry. Full form of LED is light emitting diode. The concept of LED is pretty simple. Like every other diodes, LED is made of semiconductor filled with impurities from Group IIIA and GROUP VA elements, creating a p-n junction. As electricity flows from the p part to the n part, holes from the p part meet the electrons from the n part. When the holes and electrons meet, they radiate energy. In LED, this energy is used as light. Electroluminescence, the basic concept of LED was discovered in 1907 by H J Round. But until 1968, LEDs were very costly and inefficient for commercial and personal use. The Monsanto Company was the first industry to mass produce LED lights for indicators in 1968. After that, there had been quite some developments in LED technology resulting in the efficiency to rise exponentially with a doubling... READ FULL DOCUMENT Introduction p. 3 II. Mission and objectives p. 4 III. Capabilities of our company p....
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...strategies has financial costs and benefits. These are discussed below. 1) Ten per cent increase through efficiency The efficiency improvement strategy carries no costs and should yield 10 per cent on the bottom line, or about an additional $12,100 profit. The calculations are: $550,000 annual revenue x 2% margin = $11,000 net profits $11,000 net profit x 10% efficiency improvement = $1,100 $11,000 + 1,100 = $12,100 increase in net profits 2) Add adventure diving The adventure diving resort strategy will require about $15,000 to get started. It should yield about $95,680 additional revenue. The calculations are: 8 divers per trip x $115 for each diver = $920 revenue per trip $920 each trip x 2 dives per week - $1,840 revenue per week $1,840 revenue per week x 52 weeks = $95,680 annual adventure diving revenue 3) Focus on family diving The family diving resort strategy will cost $60,000 to $160,000 (in renovations and improvements) and should yield at least an additional $157,000 over current revenues, assuming no increases in prices. If Coral Divers raises its prices to equal other family resorts, the revenues should be even higher. Two methods of calculation are shown below. Method 1: Occupancy during high season is 90 per cent, so: 90% (“x”) = 0.90x [where “x” equals total seasonal revenue] And occupancy during low season is 50 per cent, so: 50% (“x”) = 0.50x [where “x” equals total seasonal revenue] ...
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...whether a floor price and taxing on alcohol would benefit Thailand’s population and also whether the UK should trial similar ideas. A Simple Model for Demand To be able to work out the effect that the increase in demand will have on the annual consumption I would have to interpret the data given in the report. As we are told, the price per litre of alcohol is expected to increase by 60% to 2,500 Baht in 2013, I was therefore able to work out that in 2012 the average price of alcohol would have been 1,562.5 Baht per litre by doing the following calculation: 2500 / 160% = 1562.5 2500 / 160% = 1562.5 378 / 100 1.5 = 372.33 378 / 100 1.5 = 372.33 Moreover, as we were also told in the report the annual amount of alcohol consumed in 2012 was 378 million litres and that this is expected to decrease by 1.5% by 2013. I was able to calculate the predicted amount of litres of alcohol consumed by doing the simple calculation: An Equation for the Demand Curve The information that I have formulated above has allowed me to be able to calculate the gradient and more importantly the equation of the demand curve between Thailand’s annual consumption of...
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...now trading at $37.41 and $78.69, which are both significant rises since five years ago. After finding the closing monthly stock prices for Wal-Mart, Microsoft and the S&P 500, as well as the monthly yield for a 30-year T-bond, we took their average for each to find the expected return. Respectively for Microsoft and Wal-Mart we found the expected returns were 1.54% and 0.88%. For Microsoft this is well above the benchmark of the S&P’s expected return, which was 1.30%, while for Wal-Mart it is well below the benchmark. We also found that Microsoft and Wal-Mart’s expected returns are higher than the average monthly yield of a 30-year T-bond, which is good because it shows they are outperforming a risk free asset. Following our calculation of expected return we went onto other risk and return measures like variance and covariance. The variances of Microsoft and Wal-Mart are 0.47% and...
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